1
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Baßler NS, Aiello A, Schmidt KP, Genes C, Reitz M. Metasurface-Based Hybrid Optical Cavities for Chiral Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043602. [PMID: 38335329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Quantum metasurfaces, i.e., two-dimensional subwavelength arrays of quantum emitters, can be employed as mirrors towards the design of hybrid cavities, where the optical response is given by the interplay of a cavity-confined field and the surface modes supported by the arrays. We show that stacked layers of quantum metasurfaces with orthogonal dipole orientation can serve as helicity-preserving cavities. These structures exhibit ultranarrow resonances and can enhance the intensity of the incoming field by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously preserving the handedness of the field circulating inside the resonator, as opposed to conventional cavities. The rapid phase shift in the cavity transmission around the resonance can be exploited for the sensitive detection of chiral scatterers passing through the cavity. We discuss possible applications of these resonators as sensors for the discrimination of chiral molecules. Our approach describes a new way of chiral sensing via the measurement of particle-induced phase shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico S Baßler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Aiello
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai P Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Reitz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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2
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Ji L, He Y, Cai Q, Fang Z, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhou L, Wu S, Grava S, Chang DE. Superradiant Detection of Microscopic Optical Dipolar Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253602. [PMID: 38181370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between light and cold atoms is a complex phenomenon potentially featuring many-body resonant dipole interactions. A major obstacle toward exploring these quantum resources of the system is macroscopic light propagation effects, which not only limit the available time for the microscopic correlations to locally build up, but also create a directional, superradiant emission background whose variations can overwhelm the microscopic effects. In this Letter, we demonstrate a method to perform "background-free" detection of the microscopic optical dynamics in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble. This is made possible by transiently suppressing the macroscopic optical propagation over a substantial time, before a recall of superradiance that imprints the effect of the accumulated microscopic dynamics onto an efficiently detectable outgoing field. We apply this technique to unveil and precisely characterize a density-dependent, microscopic dipolar dephasing effect that generally limits the lifetime of optical spin-wave order in ensemble-based atom-light interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingnan Cai
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhening Fang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Stefano Grava
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Liedl C, Pucher S, Tebbenjohanns F, Schneeweiss P, Rauschenbeutel A. Collective Radiation of a Cascaded Quantum System: From Timed Dicke States to Inverted Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:163602. [PMID: 37154641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The collective absorption and emission of light by an ensemble of atoms is at the heart of many fundamental quantum optical effects and the basis for numerous applications. However, beyond weak excitation, both experiment and theory become increasingly challenging. Here, we explore the regimes from weak excitation to inversion with ensembles of up to 1000 atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. We realize full inversion, with about 80% of the atoms being excited, and study their subsequent radiative decay into the guided modes. The data are very well-described by a simple model that assumes a cascaded interaction of the guided light with the atoms. Our results contribute to the fundamental understanding of the collective interaction of light and matter and are relevant for applications ranging from quantum memories to sources of nonclassical light to optical frequency standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Liedl
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pucher
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Tebbenjohanns
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Baßler NS, Reitz M, Schmidt KP, Genes C. Linear optical elements based on cooperative subwavelength emitter arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6003-6026. [PMID: 36823868 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe applications of two-dimensional subwavelength quantum emitter arrays as efficient optical elements in the linear regime. For normally incident light, the cooperative optical response, stemming from emitter-emitter dipole exchanges, allows the control of the array's transmission, its resonance frequency, and bandwidth. Operations on fully polarized incident light, such as generic linear and circular polarizers as well as phase retarders can be engineered and described in terms of Jones matrices. Our analytical approach and accompanying numerical simulations identify optimal regimes for such operations and reveal the importance of adjusting the array geometry and of the careful tuning of the external magnetic fields amplitude and direction.
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5
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Bustamante CM, Gadea ED, Todorov TN, Scherlis DA. Tailoring Cooperative Emission in Molecules: Superradiance and Subradiance from First-Principles Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11601-11609. [PMID: 36480910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative optical effects provide a pathway to both the amplification (superradiance) and the suppression (subradiance) of photon emission from electronically excited states. These captivating phenomena offer a rich variety of possibilities for photonic technologies aimed at electromagnetic energy manipulation, including lasers and high-speed emitting devices in the case of superradiance or optical energy storage in that of subradiance. The employment of molecules as the building pieces in these developments requires a precise understanding of the roles of separation, orientation, spatial distribution, and applied fields, which remains challenging for theory and experiments. These questions are addressed here through ab initio quantum dynamics simulations of collective emission on the basis of a novel semiclassical formalism and time-dependent density functional theory. By establishing the configurations leading to decoherence and how the fine-tuning of a pulse can accumulate or release optical energy in H2 arrays, this report provides fundamental insight toward the design of real superradiant and subradiant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Bustamante
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Esteban D Gadea
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Tchavdar N Todorov
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BelfastBT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Damián A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1428EHA, Argentina
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6
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Nill C, Brandner K, Olmos B, Carollo F, Lesanovsky I. Many-Body Radiative Decay in Strongly Interacting Rydberg Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:243202. [PMID: 36563275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.243202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When atoms are excited to high-lying Rydberg states they interact strongly with dipolar forces. The resulting state-dependent level shifts allow us to study many-body systems displaying intriguing nonequilibrium phenomena, such as constrained spin systems, and are at the heart of numerous technological applications, e.g., in quantum simulation and computation platforms. Here, we show that these interactions also have a significant impact on dissipative effects caused by the inevitable coupling of Rydberg atoms to the surrounding electromagnetic field. We demonstrate that their presence modifies the frequency of the photons emitted from the Rydberg atoms, making it dependent on the local neighborhood of the emitting atom. Interactions among Rydberg atoms thus turn spontaneous emission into a many-body process which manifests, in a thermodynamically consistent Markovian setting, in the emergence of collective jump operators in the quantum master equation governing the dynamics. We discuss how this collective dissipation-stemming from a mechanism different from the much studied superradiance and subradiance-accelerates decoherence and affects dissipative phase transitions in Rydberg ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Nill
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kay Brandner
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Olmos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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7
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Trebbia JB, Deplano Q, Tamarat P, Lounis B. Tailoring the superradiant and subradiant nature of two coherently coupled quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2962. [PMID: 35618729 PMCID: PMC9135760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The control and manipulation of quantum-entangled states is crucial for the development of quantum technologies. A promising route is to couple solid-state quantum emitters through their optical dipole-dipole interactions. Entanglement in itself is challenging, as it requires both nanometric distances between emitters and nearly degenerate electronic transitions. Here we implement hyperspectral imaging to identify pairs of coupled dibenzanthanthrene molecules, and find distinctive spectral signatures of maximally entangled superradiant and subradiant electronic states by tuning the molecular optical resonances with Stark effect. We demonstrate far-field selective excitation of the long-lived subradiant delocalized state with a laser field tailored in amplitude and phase. Optical nanoscopy of the coupled molecules unveils spatial signatures that result from quantum interferences in their excitation pathways and reveal the location of each emitter. Controlled electronic-states superposition will help deciphering more complex physical or biological mechanisms governed by the coherent coupling and developing quantum information schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Trebbia
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Q Deplano
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Tamarat
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - B Lounis
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France.
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France.
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8
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Moreno-Cardoner M, Holzinger R, Ritsch H. Efficient nano-photonic antennas based on dark states in quantum emitter rings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10779-10791. [PMID: 35473037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic arrays of quantum emitters can feature highly sub-radiant collective excitations with a lifetime exponentially growing with emitter number. Adding an absorptive impurity as an energy dump in the center of a ring shaped polygon allows to exploit this feature to create highly efficient single photon antennas. Here among regular polygons with an identical center absorbing emitter, a nonagon exhibits a distinct optimum of the absorption efficiency. This special enhancement originates from the unique emergence of a subradiant eigenstate with dominant center occupation. Only for nine emitters the sum of coupling strengths of each emitter to all others matches the center to the ring coupling. Analogous to a parabolic mirror the antenna ring then concentrates incoming radiation at its center without being significantly excited itself. Similar large efficiency enhancements, which even prevail for broadband excitation, can also be engineered for other antenna sizes by tailoring the frequency and magnitude of the central absorber. Interestingly, for very small structures a quantum treatment predicts an even stronger enhancement for the single photon absorption enhancement than a classical dipole model. As natural light harvesting structures are often based on ring shaped structures, the underlying principle might be exploited there as well.
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9
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Koong ZX, Cygorek M, Scerri E, Santana TS, Park SI, Song JD, Gauger EM, Gerardot BD. Coherence in cooperative photon emission from indistinguishable quantum emitters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8171. [PMID: 35302855 PMCID: PMC8932659 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photon-mediated interactions between atoms can arise via coupling to a common electromagnetic mode or by quantum interference. Here, we probe the role of coherence in cooperative emission arising from two distant but indistinguishable solid-state emitters because of path erasure. The primary signature of cooperative emission, the emergence of "bunching" at zero delay in an intensity correlation experiment, is used to characterize the indistinguishability of the emitters, their dephasing, and the degree of correlation in the joint system that can be coherently controlled. In a stark departure from a pair of uncorrelated emitters, in Hong-Ou-Mandel-type interference measurements, we observe photon statistics from a pair of indistinguishable emitters resembling that of a weak coherent state from an attenuated laser. Our experiments establish techniques to control and characterize cooperative behavior between matter qubits using the full quantum optics toolbox, a key step toward realizing large-scale quantum photonic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xian Koong
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Moritz Cygorek
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Eleanor Scerri
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ted S. Santana
- Centro de Cîencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andrè, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Suk In Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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10
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Yoo SM. Optical cooperative effects of multiemitters in a one-dimensional (1D) dense array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35314-35326. [PMID: 34808968 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically explore cooperative effects of equally spaced multiemitters in a 1D dense array driven by a low-intensity probe field propagating through a 1D waveguide by modeling the emitters as point-like coupled electric dipoles. We calculate the collective optical spectra of a number of 1D emitter arrays with any radiation-retention coefficient η using both exact classical-electrodynamics and mean-field-theory formalisms. We illustrate cooperative effects of lossless 1D emitter arrays with η = 1 at the emitter spacings, which are displayed by steep edges accompanied by a deep minimum and Fano resonances in the plots of transmissivities as a function of the detuning of the incident light from the emitter resonance. Numerical simulation of the full width of such optical bandgaps reveals that cooperativity between emitters is greater in a small array of size N ≤ 8 than in a larger one of size N > 8. For a lossy 1D emitter array in which the radiation retention coefficient is equal to or less than 0.1 the transmissivity obtained by exact-electrodynamics scheme exhibits no bandgap structures, being in good agreement with the mean-field-theory result. We propose that a 1D multiemitter array may work as a nanoscale filter blocking transmission of light with a frequency in the range of optical bandgaps.
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11
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Shankar A, Reilly JT, Jäger SB, Holland MJ. Subradiant-to-Subradiant Phase Transition in the Bad Cavity Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:073603. [PMID: 34459626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.073603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show that the onset of steady-state superradiance in a bad cavity laser is preceded by a dissipative phase transition between two distinct phases of steady-state subradiance. The transition is marked by a nonanalytic behavior of the cavity output power and the mean atomic inversion, as well as a discontinuity in the variance of the collective atomic inversion. In particular, for repump rates below a critical value, the cavity output power is strongly suppressed and does not increase with the atom number, while it scales linearly with atom number above this value. Remarkably, we find that the atoms are in a macroscopically entangled steady state near the critical region with a vanishing fraction of unentangled atoms in the large atom number limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athreya Shankar
- Center for Quantum Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Jarrod T Reilly
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Simon B Jäger
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Murray J Holland
- JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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12
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Vovcenko IV, Shishkov VY, Andrianov ES. Dephasing-assisted entanglement in a system of strongly coupled qubits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9685-9698. [PMID: 33820389 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Creation of entangled states of quantum systems with low decoherence rates is a cornerstone in practical implementation of quantum computations. Processes of separate dephasing in each qubit in experimentally feasible systems is commonly accepted to destroy entanglement. In this work, we consider a system of two strongly coupled qubits that interact with dephasing reservoirs. We demonstrate that interaction with dephasing reservoirs can contribute to the formation of a long-lived mixed entangled state with nonzero concurrence. The weight of the subradiant state in this mixed state tends toward unity if the dephasing rate is much larger than the radiative rate and less than the coupling constant between qubits. The lifetime of this state is proportional to the exponent of the ratio of the coupling constant to environmental temperature and can be, by orders of magnitude, larger than the system's characteristic dephasing and dissipation times. Therefore, high dephasing, along with strong coupling, contributes to the creation of an entangled state with a long lifetime. This result paves the way for creation of long-lived entangled states.
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13
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Cipris A, Moreira NA, do Espirito Santo TS, Weiss P, Villas-Boas CJ, Kaiser R, Guerin W, Bachelard R. Subradiance with Saturated Atoms: Population Enhancement of the Long-Lived States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103604. [PMID: 33784122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipole-dipole interactions are at the origin of long-lived collective atomic states, often called subradiant, which are explored for their potential use in novel photonic devices or in quantum protocols. Here, we study subradiance beyond the single-excitation regime and experimentally demonstrate a 200-fold increase in the population of these modes, as the saturation parameter of the driving field is increased. We attribute this enhancement to a mechanism similar to optical pumping through the well-coupled superradiant states. The lifetimes are unaffected by the pump strength, as the system is ultimately driven toward the single-excitation sector. Our study is a new step in the exploration of the many-body dynamics of large open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cipris
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - N A Moreira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T S do Espirito Santo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - P Weiss
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - C J Villas-Boas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - R Kaiser
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - W Guerin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - R Bachelard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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14
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Masson SJ, Ferrier-Barbut I, Orozco LA, Browaeys A, Asenjo-Garcia A. Many-Body Signatures of Collective Decay in Atomic Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263601. [PMID: 33449783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fully inverted atoms placed at exactly the same location synchronize as they deexcite, and light is emitted in a burst (known as "Dicke's superradiance"). We investigate the role of finite interatomic separation on correlated decay in mesoscopic chains and provide an understanding in terms of collective jump operators. We show that the superradiant burst survives at small distances, despite Hamiltonian dipole-dipole interactions. However, for larger separations, competition between different jump operators leads to dephasing, suppressing superradiance. Collective effects are still significant for arrays with lattice constants of the order of a wavelength, and lead to a photon emission rate that decays nonexponentially in time. We calculate the two-photon correlation function and demonstrate that emission is correlated and directional, as well as sensitive to small changes in the interatomic distance. These features can be measured in current experimental setups, and are robust to realistic imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Luis A Orozco
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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15
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Zhang YX, Mølmer K. Subradiant Emission from Regular Atomic Arrays: Universal Scaling of Decay Rates from the Generalized Bloch Theorem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:253601. [PMID: 33416345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hermitian part of the field-mediated dipole-dipole interaction in infinite periodic arrays of two-level atoms yields an energy band of the singly excited states. In this Letter, we show that a dispersion relation, ω_{k}-ω_{k_{ex}}∝(k-k_{ex})^{s}, near the band edge of the infinite system leads to the existence of subradiant states of finite one-dimensional arrays of N atoms with decay rates scaling as N^{-(s+1)}. This explains the recently discovered N^{-3} scaling and it leads to the prediction of power law scaling with higher power for special values of the lattice period. For the quantum optical implementation of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger topological model in a dimerized emitter array, the band gap closing inherent to topological transitions changes the value of s in the dispersion relation and alters the decay rates of the subradiant states by many orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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He Y, Ji L, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhao J, Ma Y, Huang X, Wu S, Chang DE. Geometric Control of Collective Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:213602. [PMID: 33275003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipole spin-wave states of atomic ensembles with wave vector k(ω) mismatched from the dispersion relation of light are difficult to access by far-field excitation but may support rich phenomena beyond the traditional phase-matched scenario in quantum optics. We propose and demonstrate an optical technique to efficiently access these states. In particular, subnanosecond laser pulses shaped by a home-developed wideband modulation method are applied to shift the spin wave in k space with state-dependent geometric phase patterning, in an error-resilient fashion and on timescales much faster than spontaneous emission. We verify this control through the redirection, switch off, and recall of collectively enhanced emission from a ^{87}Rb gas with ∼75% single-step efficiency. Our work represents a first step toward efficient control of electric dipole spin waves for studying many-body dissipative dynamics of excited gases, as well as for numerous quantum optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ballantine KE, Ruostekoski J. Optical Magnetism and Huygens' Surfaces in Arrays of Atoms Induced by Cooperative Responses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143604. [PMID: 33064535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing strong optical resonant interactions in arrays of atoms with electric dipole transitions, we show how to synthesize collective optical responses that correspond to those formed by arrays of magnetic dipoles and other multipoles. Optically active magnetism with the strength comparable with that of electric dipole transitions is achieved in collective excitation eigenmodes of the array. By controlling the atomic level shifts, an array of spectrally overlapping, crossed electric and magnetic dipoles can be excited, providing a physical realization of a nearly reflectionless quantum Huygens' surface with the full 2π phase control of the transmitted light that allows for extreme wavefront engineering even at a single photon level. We illustrate this by creating a superposition of two different orbital angular momentum states of light from an ordinary input state that has no orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ballantine
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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18
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Williamson LA, Borgh MO, Ruostekoski J. Superatom Picture of Collective Nonclassical Light Emission and Dipole Blockade in Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073602. [PMID: 32857544 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that two-time, second-order correlations of scattered photons from planar arrays and chains of atoms display nonclassical features that can be described by a superatom picture of the canonical single-atom g_{2}(τ) resonance fluorescence result. For the superatom, the single-atom linewidth is replaced by the linewidth of the underlying collective low light-intensity eigenmode. Strong light-induced dipole-dipole interactions lead to a correlated response, suppressed joint photon detection events, and dipole blockade that inhibits multiple excitations of the collective atomic state. For targeted subradiant modes, the nonclassical nature of emitted light can be dramatically enhanced even compared with that of a single atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Williamson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M O Borgh
- Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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19
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Ballantine KE, Ruostekoski J. Radiative Toroidal Dipole and Anapole Excitations in Collectively Responding Arrays of Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:063201. [PMID: 32845681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A toroidal dipole represents an often overlooked electromagnetic excitation distinct from the standard electric and magnetic multipole expansion. We show how a simple arrangement of strongly radiatively coupled atoms can be used to synthesize a toroidal dipole where the toroidal topology is generated by radiative transitions forming an effective poloidal electric current wound around a torus. We extend the protocol for methods to prepare a delocalized collective excitation mode consisting of a synthetic lattice of such toroidal dipoles and a nonradiating, yet oscillating charge-current configuration, dynamic anapole, for which the far-field radiation of a toroidal dipole is identically canceled by an electric dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ballantine
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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20
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A subradiant optical mirror formed by a single structured atomic layer. Nature 2020; 583:369-374. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Yoo SM, Javanainen J. Light reflection and transmission in planar lattices of cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9764-9776. [PMID: 32225577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of light using atoms plays a fundamental and important role in emerging technologies such as integrated photonics, information storage, and quantum sensors. Specifically, there have been intense theoretical efforts involving large samples of cold neutral atoms for coherent control of light. Here we present a theoretical scheme that enables efficient computation of collective optical responses of mono- and bi-layer planar square lattices of dense, cold two-level atoms using classical electrodynamics of coupled dipoles in the limit of low laser intensity. The steady-state transmissivity and reflectivity are obtained at a field point far away from the atomic lattices in the regime with no Bragg reflection. While our earlier method was based on exact solution of the electrodynamics for a small-scale lattice, here we calculate the dipole moments assuming that they are the same at all lattice sites, as for an infinite lattice. Atomic lattices with effectively over one hundred times more sites than in our earlier exact computations can then be simulated numerically with fewer computational resources. We have implemented an automatic selection of the number of sites under the given convergence criteria. We compare the numerical results from both computational schemes. We also find similarities and differences of a stack of two atomic lattices from a two-atom sample. Such aspects may be exploited to engineer a stack for potential applications.
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22
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Piñeiro Orioli A, Rey AM. Dark States of Multilevel Fermionic Atoms in Doubly Filled Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:223601. [PMID: 31868417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose to use fermionic atoms with degenerate ground and excited internal levels (F_{g}→F_{e}), loaded into the motional ground state of an optical lattice with two atoms per lattice site, to realize dark states with no radiative decay. The physical mechanism behind the dark states is an interplay of Pauli blocking and multilevel dipolar interactions. The dark states are independent of lattice geometry, can support an extensive number of excitations, and can be coherently prepared using a Raman scheme taking advantage of the quantum Zeno effect. These attributes make them appealing for atomic clocks, quantum memories, and quantum information on decoherence free subspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piñeiro Orioli
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A M Rey
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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23
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Abstract
The optical properties of subwavelength arrays of atoms or other quantum emitters have attracted significant interest recently. For example, the strong constructive or destructive interference of emitted light enables arrays to function as nearly perfect mirrors, support topological edge states, and allow for exponentially better quantum memories. In these proposals, the assumed atomic structure was simple, consisting of a unique electronic ground state. Within linear optics, the system is then equivalent to a periodic array of classical dielectric particles, whose periodicity supports the emergence of guided modes. However, it has not been known whether such phenomena persist in the presence of hyperfine structure, as exhibited by most quantum emitters. Here, we show that waveguiding can arise from rich atomic entanglement as a quantum many-body effect and elucidate the necessary conditions. Our work represents a significant step forward in understanding collective effects in arrays of atoms with realistic electronic structure.
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24
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Zhang YX, Mølmer K. Theory of Subradiant States of a One-Dimensional Two-Level Atom Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203605. [PMID: 31172781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the subradiant states of one-dimensional two-level atom chains coupled to light modes were found to have decay rates obeying a universal scaling, and an unexpected fermionic character of the multiply excited subradiant states was discovered. In this Letter, we theoretically obtain the singly excited subradiant states, and by eliminating the superradiant modes, we demonstrate a relation between the multiply excited subradiant states and the Tonks-Girardeau limit of the Lieb-Liniger model which explains the fermionic behavior. In addition, we identify a new family of subradiant states with correlations different from the fermionic ansatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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25
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Jen HH. Super- and sub-radiance from two-dimensional resonant dipole-dipole interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5804. [PMID: 30967605 PMCID: PMC6456626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the super- and sub-radiance from the resonant dipole-dipole interactions (RDDI) in a confined two-dimensional (2D) reservoir. The distinctive feature of 2D RDDI shows qualitatively and quantitatively different long-range behavior from RDDI in free space. We investigate the collective radiation properties of the singly-excited symmetric state under this 2D RDDI. This state also allows subradiant decays in much longer distances than the transition wavelength, showing longrange atom-atom correlations. We further study the dynamics of the subradiant states which can be accessed by imprinting spatially dependent phases on the atomic arrays. Our results demonstrate rich opportunities in engineering light-matter interactions in a confined 2D reservoir, and hold promise in applications of quantum light storage and single-excitation state manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Jen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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26
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Watson DW, Jenkins SD, Fedotov VA, Ruostekoski J. Point-dipole approximation for small systems of strongly coupled radiating nanorods. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5707. [PMID: 30952960 PMCID: PMC6450961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems of closely-spaced resonators can be strongly coupled by interactions mediated by scattered electromagnetic fields. In large systems the resulting response has been shown to be more sensitive to these collective interactions than to the detailed structure of individual resonators. Attempts to describe such systems have resulted in point-dipole approximations to resonators that are computationally efficient for large resonator ensembles. Here we provide a detailed study for the validity of point dipole approximations in small systems of strongly coupled plasmonic nanorods, including the cases of both super-radiant and subradiant excitations, where the characteristics of the excitation depends on the spatial separation between the nanorods. We show that over an appreciable range of rod lengths centered on 210 nm, when the relative separation kl in terms of the resonance wave number of light k satisfies \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$kl\gtrsim \pi /2$$\end{document}kl≳π/2, the point electric dipole model becomes accurate. However, when the resonators are closer, the finite-size and geometry of the resonators modifies the excitation modes, in particular the cooperative mode line shifts of the point dipole approximation begin to rapidly diverge at small separations. We also construct simplified effective models by describing a pair of nanorods as a single effective metamolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Watson
- Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Stewart D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Vassili A Fedotov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Janne Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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27
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Guimond PO, Grankin A, Vasilyev DV, Vermersch B, Zoller P. Subradiant Bell States in Distant Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:093601. [PMID: 30932531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study collective "free-space" radiation properties of two distant single-layer arrays of quantum emitters as two-level atoms. We show that this system can support a long-lived Bell superposition state of atomic excitations exhibiting strong subradiance, which corresponds to a nonlocal excitation of the two arrays. We describe the preparation of these states and their application in quantum information as a resource of nonlocal entanglement, including deterministic quantum state transfer with high fidelity between the arrays representing quantum memories. We discuss experimental realizations using cold atoms in optical trap arrays with subwavelength spacing, and analyze the role of imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-O Guimond
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - A Grankin
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D V Vasilyev
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - B Vermersch
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - P Zoller
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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28
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Cooperative light scattering from helical-phase-imprinted atomic rings. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9570. [PMID: 29934557 PMCID: PMC6015022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the light scattering of super- and subradiant states of an atomic ring prepared by single excitation with a photon which carries an orbital angular momentum (OAM). For excitations with linear polarizations, the helical phase imprinted (HPI) atomic ring presents a discrete C4 rotational symmetry when number of atoms N = 4n with integers n, while for circular polarizations with arbitrary N, the continuous and CN symmetries emerge for the super- and subradiant modes, respectively. The HPI superradiant modes predominantly scatter photons in the forward-backward direction, and the forward scattering can be further enhanced as atomic rings are stacked along the excitation direction. The HPI subradiant modes then preferentially scatter photons in the transversal directions, and when rings are stacked concentrically and on a plane, crossover from sub- to superradiance is observed which leads to splitting and localization of the far-field scattering patterns in the polar angle. The HPI super- and subradiant states are thus detectable through measuring the far-field radiation patterns, which further allow quantum storage and detection of a single photon with an OAM.
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29
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Directional subradiance from helical-phase-imprinted multiphoton states. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7163. [PMID: 29740163 PMCID: PMC5940866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the far-field scattering properties of multiphoton super- and subradiant states which can be prepared by multiphoton excitations with orbital angular momentum (OAM). Due to multiphoton interference, the far-field patterns of the subradiant modes show directional scattering along the excitation direction or transverse scattering with number of peaks equal to the number of atoms. When more atoms are involved, we consider structures of stacked and concentric rings, which respectively show enhanced directional scattering and smoothed emission patterns. Our scheme gives insights to prepare many-body subradiant states, and is potentially applicable to quantum storage of multiphoton with OAM. By designing atomic spatial distributions, these cooperative states can tailor the far-field emission properties, which is useful for light collections and quantum information manipulations.
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30
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Bhatti D, Schneider R, Oppel S, von Zanthier J. Directional Dicke Subradiance with Nonclassical and Classical Light Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:113603. [PMID: 29601775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate Dicke subradiance of N≥2 distant quantum sources in free space, i.e., the spatial emission patterns of spontaneously radiating noninteracting multilevel atoms or multiphoton sources, prepared in totally antisymmetric states. We find that the radiated intensity is marked by a full suppression of spontaneous emission in particular directions. In resemblance to the analogous, yet inverted, superradiant emission profiles of N distant two-level atoms prepared in symmetric Dicke states, we call the corresponding emission patterns directional Dicke subradiance. We further derive that higher-order intensity correlations of the light emitted by statistically independent thermal light sources display the same directional Dicke subradiant behavior and show that it stems from the same interference phenomenon as in the case of quantum sources. We finally present measurements of directional Dicke subradiance for N=2,…,5 distant thermal light sources corroborating the theoretical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bhatti
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raimund Schneider
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Oppel
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim von Zanthier
- Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Manzoni MT, Moreno-Cardoner M, Asenjo-Garcia A, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV, Chang DE. Optimization of photon storage fidelity in ordered atomic arrays. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2018; 20:10.1088/1367-2630/aadb74. [PMID: 31555054 PMCID: PMC6760042 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aadb74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A major application for atomic ensembles consists of a quantum memory for light, in which an optical state can be reversibly converted to a collective atomic excitation on demand. There exists a well-known fundamental bound on the storage error, when the ensemble is describable by a continuous medium governed by the Maxwell-Bloch equations. However, these equations are semi-phenomenological, as they treat emission of the atoms into other directions other than the mode of interest as being independent. On the other hand, in systems such as dense, ordered atomic arrays, atoms interact with each other strongly and spatial interference of the emitted light might be exploited to suppress emission into unwanted directions, thereby enabling improved error bounds. Here, we develop a general formalism that fully accounts for spatial interference, and which finds the maximum storage efficiency for a single photon with known spatial input mode into a collection of atoms with discrete, known positions. As an example, we apply this technique to study a finite two-dimensional square array of atoms. We show that such a system enables a storage error that scales with atom number N a like ∼ ( log N a ) 2 ∕ N a 2 , and that, remarkably, an array of just 4 × 4 atoms in principle allows for an error of less than 1%, which is comparable to a disordered ensemble with an optical depth of around 600.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Manzoni
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M Moreno-Cardoner
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - A Asenjo-Garcia
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics MC12-33, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125, United States of America
| | - J V Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08015 Barcelona, Spain
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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32
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Jenkins SD, Ruostekoski J, Papasimakis N, Savo S, Zheludev NI. Many-Body Subradiant Excitations in Metamaterial Arrays: Experiment and Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:053901. [PMID: 28949761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Subradiant excitations, originally predicted by Dicke, have posed a long-standing challenge in physics owing to their weak radiative coupling to environment. Here we engineer massive coherently driven classical subradiance in planar metamaterial arrays as a spatially extended eigenmode comprising over 1000 metamolecules. By comparing the near- and far-field response in large-scale numerical simulations with those in experimental observations we identify strong evidence for classically correlated multimetamolecule subradiant states that dominate the total excitation energy. We show that similar spatially extended many-body subradiance can also exist in plasmonic metamaterial arrays at optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Janne Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikitas Papasimakis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Savo
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- TetraScience Inc., 114 Western Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637378, Singapore
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Hebenstreit M, Kraus B, Ostermann L, Ritsch H. Subradiance via Entanglement in Atoms with Several Independent Decay Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:143602. [PMID: 28430460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous emission of atoms in free space is modified by the presence of other atoms in close vicinity inducing collective super- and subradiance. For two nearby atoms with a single decay channel the entangled antisymmetric superposition state of the two single excited states will not decay spontaneously. No such excited two-atom dark state exists, if the excited state has two independent optical decay channels of different frequencies or polarizations. However, we show that for an excited atomic state with N-1 independent spontaneous decay channels one can find a highly entangled N-particle dark state, which completely decouples from the vacuum radiation field. It does not decay spontaneously, nor will it absorb resonant laser light. Mathematically, we see that this state is the only such state orthogonal to the subspace spanned by the atomic ground states. Moreover, by means of generic numerical examples we demonstrate that the subradiant behavior largely survives at finite atomic distances including dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hebenstreit
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kraus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurin Ostermann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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