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Cheng Z, Guan YJ, Xue H, Ge Y, Jia D, Long Y, Yuan SQ, Sun HX, Chong Y, Zhang B. Three-dimensional flat Landau levels in an inhomogeneous acoustic crystal. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2174. [PMID: 38467627 PMCID: PMC10928213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
When electrons moving in two dimensions (2D) are subjected to a strong uniform magnetic field, they form flat bands called Landau levels (LLs). LLs can also arise from pseudomagnetic fields (PMFs) induced by lattice distortions. In three-dimensional (3D) systems, there has been no experimental demonstration of LLs as a type of flat band thus far. Here, we report the experimental realization of a flat 3D LL in an acoustic crystal. Starting from a lattice whose bandstructure exhibits a nodal ring, we design an inhomogeneous distortion corresponding to a specific pseudomagnetic vector potential (PVP). This distortion causes the nodal ring states to break up into LLs, including a zeroth LL that is flat along all three directions. These findings suggest the possibility of using nodal ring materials to generate 3D flat bands, allowing access to strong interactions and other attractive physical regimes in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Cheng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yi-Jun Guan
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Xue
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yong Ge
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ding Jia
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Long
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shou-Qi Yuan
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Sun
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Yidong Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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Yang J, Li Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Zhang Z, Yuan J, Cai H, Wang DW, Gao F. Realization of all-band-flat photonic lattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1484. [PMID: 38374147 PMCID: PMC10876559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Flatbands play an important role in correlated quantum matter and have promising applications in photonic lattices. Synthetic magnetic fields and destructive interference in lattices are traditionally used to obtain flatbands. However, such methods can only obtain a few flatbands with most bands remaining dispersive. Here we realize all-band-flat photonic lattices of an arbitrary size by precisely controlling the coupling strengths between lattice sites to mimic those in Fock-state lattices. This allows us to go beyond the perturbative regime of strain engineering and group all eigenmodes in flatbands, which simultaneously achieves high band flatness and large usable bandwidth. We map out the distribution of each flatband in the lattices and selectively excite the eigenmodes with different chiralities. Our method paves a way in controlling band structure and topology of photonic lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yuanzhen Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Xinrong Xie
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Jiale Yuan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
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Bellec M, Poli C, Kuhl U, Mortessagne F, Schomerus H. Observation of supersymmetric pseudo-Landau levels in strained microwave graphene. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:146. [PMID: 32864121 PMCID: PMC7438506 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using an array of coupled microwave resonators arranged in a deformed honeycomb lattice, we experimentally observe the formation of pseudo-Landau levels in the whole crossover from vanishing to large pseudomagnetic field strengths. This result is achieved by utilising an adaptable setup in a geometry that is compatible with the pseudo-Landau levels at all field strengths. The adopted approach enables us to observe the fully formed flat-band pseudo-Landau levels spectrally as sharp peaks in the photonic density of states and image the associated wavefunctions spatially, where we provide clear evidence for a characteristic nodal structure reflecting the previously elusive supersymmetry in the underlying low-energy theory. In particular, we resolve the full sublattice polarisation of the anomalous 0th pseudo-Landau level, which reveals a deep connection to zigzag edge states in the unstrained case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bellec
- Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Charles Poli
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ulrich Kuhl
- Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Fabrice Mortessagne
- Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France
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Alisultanov ZZ. Relativistic mechanism of chiral magnetic current in Weyl semimetals with tilted dispersion. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:115502. [PMID: 31770740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5bd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chiral magnetic effect is a one of the exotic bulk transport properties of the Weyl semimetals. Because of the Nielsen-Ninomiya 'no-go theorem', the total chiral magnetic current is absent in the equilibrium state. One of the mechanisms for generating this current is the chiral anomaly. This phenomenon is the anomalous nonconservation of chiral charge for massless relativistic particles. It can be realized by parallel magnetic and electric fields (∼[Formula: see text]), and it leads to such new transport phenomenon as the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. Using a simple theory (we consider both a linearized and lattice model), we have shown, that in Weyl metals with tilted dispersion another mechanism of the chiral magnetic current is possible. It is not associated with the chiral anomaly. The new transport mechanism is based on the relativistic effect of electric field on Landau levels. This effect is that an electric field changes the distance between the Landau levels, and also changes the effective velocity along magnetic field. At the presence of a tilt in the spectrum, this velocity renormalization is different for different Weyl points. This leads to a non-zero resulting drift velocity. As a consequence, an electrical current arises along the magnetic field. The induced by this mechanism the electric current is proportional to the pseudoscalar product of the fields ([Formula: see text]) and directed along the magnetic field, that differs it from the Hall current (∼[Formula: see text]). At the same time, the conductivity corresponding to this transport mechanism does not depend on the scattering time like the Hall conductivity. Thus, we have proposed a new anomalous transport mechanism in the Weyl semimetal, which is not associated with the chiral anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaur Z Alisultanov
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Makhachkala, Russia. Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
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Nayga MM, Rachel S, Vojta M. Magnon Landau Levels and Emergent Supersymmetry in Strained Antiferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:207204. [PMID: 31809086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.207204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhomogeneous strain applied to lattice systems can induce artificial gauge fields for particles moving on this lattice. Here we demonstrate how to engineer a novel state of matter, namely an antiferromagnet with a Landau-level excitation spectrum of magnons. We consider a honeycomb-lattice Heisenberg model and show that triaxial strain leads to equally spaced pseudo-Landau levels at the upper end of the magnon spectrum, with degeneracies characteristic of emergent supersymmetry. We also present a particular strain protocol which induces perfectly quantized magnon Landau levels over the whole bandwidth. We discuss experimental realizations and generalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Madelynn Nayga
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Rachel
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthias Vojta
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Alisultanov ZZ. The induced by an electromagnetic field coexistence of types I and II spectra in Weyl semimetals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13707. [PMID: 30209410 PMCID: PMC6135849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are promising materials for the future electronics. Currently, the two types (I and II) of WSMs are discovered experimentally. These types of WSMs differ from each other in their topological properties. In this paper we showed that a coexistence of types I and II Weyls spectra is possible in some WSMs under crossed magnetic and electric fields. This is possible in systems with non-equivalent Weyl points (WPs). In particular, it is possible in strained WSMs. Such phase, controlled by electromagnetic field, is principally new for topological matter physics. It is obvious, that in this regime new features of electron transport will appear. We showed that this effect can also be considered as a mechanism of strain induced type-I-type-II transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaur Z Alisultanov
- Amirkhanov Institute of Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dagestan Science Centre, Makhachkala, Russia. .,Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia.
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Zhou XF, Wu C, Guo GC, Wang R, Pu H, Zhou ZW. Synthetic Landau Levels and Spinor Vortex Matter on a Haldane Spherical Surface with a Magnetic Monopole. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:130402. [PMID: 29694171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a flexible scheme to realize exact flat Landau levels on curved spherical geometry in a system of spinful cold atoms. This is achieved by applying the Floquet engineering of a magnetic quadrupole field to create a synthetic monopole field in real space. The system can be exactly mapped to the electron-monopole system on a sphere, thus realizing Haldane's spherical geometry for fractional quantum Hall physics. This method works for either bosons or fermions. We investigate the ground-state vortex pattern for an s-wave interacting atomic condensate by mapping this system to the classical Thompson's problem. The distortion and stability of the vortex pattern are further studied in the presence of dipolar interaction. Our scheme is compatible with the current experimental setup, and may serve as a promising route of investigating quantum Hall physics and exotic spinor vortex matter on curved space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fa Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Congjun Wu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ruquan Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Han Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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