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Han S, Ye L, Li Y, Huang B. Theoretical Understanding of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Solids: A Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3323-3335. [PMID: 38498006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals have become a hot topic in chemical science and material physics, due to their essential role in laser technology, optical information, optoelectronics, and precision measurements. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent advances in second-order nonlinear optics, with a focus on two critical topics: second harmonic generation (SHG) and the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE). For SHG, we discuss recent progress in deep-ultraviolet (DUV) materials, highlighting their structural characteristics and nonlinear groups that contribute to their exceptional performance. For BPVE, we concentrate on the emerging field of low-dimensional materials, emphasizing their potential in a shift current. Additionally, we discuss the development of regulation approaches for NLO materials, which is vital for their practical application. Finally, we address the outlook for the field, including the challenges that must be overcome to further advance NLO materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Han
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangting Ye
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Zhang T, Li H, Gao Y, Shi Z, Zhang S, Xu H. Extraordinary Five-Wave Mixing in a Zinc Oxide Microwire on a Au Film. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6966-6972. [PMID: 37498293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Coherent multiwave mixing is in demand for optical frequency conversion, imaging, quantum information science, etc., but has rarely been demonstrated in solid-state systems. Here, we observed three- and five-wave mixing (5WM) in a c-axis growth zinc oxide microwire on a Au film with picosecond pulses in the near-infrared region. An output 5WM of 4.7 × 10-7 μW, only 2-3 orders smaller than the three-wave mixing, is achieved when the excitation power is as low as 1.5 mW and the peak power density as weak as ∼107 W/cm2. The excitation power dependence of 5WM agrees well with the perturbation limit under the low intensity but exhibits a strong deviation at a high pumping power. This extraordinary behavior is attributed to the cooperative resonant enhancement effect when pumping in the near-infrared range. Our study offers a potential solid-state platform for on-chip multiwave mixing and quantum nonlinear optics, such as generating many-photon entangled states or the construction of photon-photon quantum logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Mathematics and Physics, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Guanggu 1st Road 206, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, School of Physics & Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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3
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Huang Y, Su R, Wang Y, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhao J, Liu Z, Xiong Q. A Fano Cavity-Photon Interface for Directional Suppression of Spectral Diffusion of a Single Perovskite Nanoplatelet. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8274-8280. [PMID: 36197087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals that are capable of mass production with wet chemical synthesis have long been proposed as color-tunable, scalable quantum emitters for information processing and communication. However, they constantly suffer from spectral diffusion due to being exposed to a noisy electrostatic environment. Herein we demonstrate a cavity-photon interface (CPI) which effectively suppresses the temperature-activated spectral diffusion (SD) of a single perovskite nanoplatelet (NPL) up to 40 K. The spectrally stabilized single-photon emission is achieved at a specific emission direction corresponding to an inhibited dipole moment of the NPL as the result of the Fano coupling between the two photon dissipation channels of the NPL. Our results shed light on the nature of the SD of perovskite nanocrystals and offer a general cavity quantum electrodynamic scheme that controls the brightness and spectral dynamics of a single-photon emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing100193, P.R. China
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4
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Wang Y, Ren Y, Luo X, Li B, Chen Z, Liu Z, Liu F, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Li F. Manipulating cavity photon dynamics by topologically curved space. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:308. [PMID: 36280661 PMCID: PMC9592597 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric microcavities supporting Whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are of great significance for on-chip optical information processing. We establish asymmetric microcavities on topologically curved surfaces, where the geodesic light trajectories completely reconstruct the cavity mode features. The curvature-mediated photon-lifetime engineering enables the enhancement of the quality factors of periodic island modes by up to 200 times. Strong and weak coupling between modes of very different origins occurs when the space curvature brings them into resonance, leading to fine tailoring of the cavity photon energy and lifetime and the observation of non-Hermitian exceptional point (EP). At large space curvatures, the role of the WGMs is replaced by high-Q periodic modes protected by the high stability of island-like light trajectory. Our work demonstrates interesting physical mechanisms at the crosspoint of optical chaotic dynamics, non-Hermitian physics, and geodesic optical devices, and would initiate the novel area of geodesic microcavity photonics.
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Grants
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0306101 and 2021YFA1400800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (12074303, 11804267, 11904279, 62035017, 11874437, 12074442 and 91836303), Shaanxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Team Project (2021TD-56)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0306101 and 2021YFA1400800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (12074303, 11804267, 11904279, 62035017, 11874437, 12074442 and 91836303), Shaanxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Team Project (2021TD-56).
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2018B030329001), the Guangdong Special Support Program (2019JC05X397), the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01X121) and the National Super-Computer Center in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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5
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Kim S, Hong D, Sattorov M, Kim S, Yoo YJ, Park SY, Park GS. Full manipulation of transparency and absorption through direct tuning of dark modes in high-Q Fano metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3443-3454. [PMID: 35209602 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the line shape of Fano resonance has continued to attract significant research attention in recent years owing to its practical applications such as lasing, biosensing, and slow-light devices. However, controllable Fano resonances always require stringent alignment of complex symmetry-breaking structures; therefore, the manipulation can only be performed with limited degrees of freedom and a narrow tuning range. This work demonstrates dark-mode excitation tuning independent of the bright mode for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, in asymmetric Fano metamaterials. Metallic subwavelength slits are arranged to form asymmetric unit cells and generate a broad and bright (radiative) Fabry-Perot mode and a sharp and dark (non-radiative) surface mode. The introduction of the independent radial and angular asymmetries realizes independent control of the Fano phase (q) and quality factor (Q). This tunability provides a dynamic phase shift while maintaining a high-quality factor, enabling switching between nearly perfect transmission and absorption, which is confirmed both numerically and experimentally. The proposed scheme for fully controlled Fano systems can aid practical applications such as phase-sensitive switching devices.
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Huang YQ, Beyer J, Puttisong Y, Buyanova IA, Chen WM. Identifying a Generic and Detrimental Role of Fano Resonance in Spin Generation in Semiconductor Nanostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:127401. [PMID: 34597090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fano resonance is a fundamental physical process that strongly affects the electronic transport, optical, and vibronic properties of matter. Here, we provide the first experimental demonstration of its profound effect on spin properties in semiconductor nanostructures. We show that electron spin generation in InAs/GaAs quantum-dot structures is completely quenched upon spin injection from adjacent InGaAs wetting layers at the Fano resonance due to coupling of light-hole excitons and the heavy-hole continuum of the interband optical transitions, mediated by an anisotropic exchange interaction. Using a master equation approach, we show that such quenching of spin generation is robust and independent of Fano parameters. This work therefore identifies spin-dependent Fano resonance as a universal spin loss channel in quantum-dot systems with an inherent symmetry-breaking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Huang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Beyer
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Y Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - I A Buyanova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - W M Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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7
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Lei BH, Pan S, Yang Z, Cao C, Singh DJ. Second Harmonic Generation Susceptibilities from Symmetry Adapted Wannier Functions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:187402. [PMID: 33196256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.187402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the orbital level origin of second harmonic generation (SHG) in materials and identifying the local contributions is a long-standing challenge. We report a first principles approach for the SHG where the contributions from individual orbitals or atoms can be evaluated via symmetry adapted Wannier functions without semiempirical parameters. We apply this method to the common SHG materials KBe_{2}BO_{3}F_{2}, KCaCO_{3}F, and β-BaB_{2}O_{4}, and show that the orbitals on noncentrosymmetric sublattices are responsible for SHG effect and the energies of these orbitals control the magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilie Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Group, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - David J Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7010, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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8
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Influences of Ga Doping on Crystal Structure and Polarimetric Pattern of SHG in ZnO Nanofilms. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060905. [PMID: 31234399 PMCID: PMC6630969 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The second-harmonic generation (SHG) in gallium doped ZnO (GZO) nanofilms was studied. The Ga doping in GZO nanofilms influenced the crystal structure of the films, which affected SHG characteristics of the nanofilms. In our experiments, a strong SHG response was obtained in GZO nanofilms, which was excited by 790 nm femtosecond laser. It was observed that the Ga doping concentrations affected, not only the intensity, but also the polarimetric pattern of SHG in GZO nanofilms. For 5.0% doped GZO films, the SHG intensity increased about 70%. The intensity ratio of SHG between the incident light polarization angle of 90° and 0°changed with the Ga doping concentrations. It showed the most significant increase for 7.3% doped GZO films, with an increased ratio of c/a crystal constants. This result was attributed to the differences of the ratios of d33/d31 (the second-order nonlinear susceptibility components) induced by the crystal distortion. The results are helpful to investigate nanofilms doping levels and crystal distortion by SHG microscopy, which is a non-destructive and sensitive method.
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Zangeneh-Nejad F, Fleury R. Topological Fano Resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:014301. [PMID: 31012649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.014301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fano resonance is a widespread wave scattering phenomenon associated with a peculiar asymmetric and ultrasharp line shape, which has found applications in a large variety of prominent optical devices. While its substantial sensitivity to geometrical and environmental changes makes it the cornerstone of efficient sensors, it also renders the practical realization of Fano-based systems extremely challenging. Here, we introduce the concept of topological Fano resonance, whose ultrasharp asymmetric line shape is guaranteed by design and protected against geometrical imperfections, yet remaining sensitive to external parameters. We report the experimental observation of such resonances in an acoustic system, and demonstrate their inherent robustness to geometrical disorder. Such topologically protected Fano resonances, which can also be found in microwave, optical, and plasmonic systems, open up exciting frontiers for the generation of various reliable wave-based devices including low-threshold lasers, perfect absorbers, ultrafast switches or modulators, and highly accurate interferometers, by circumventing the performance degradations caused by inadvertent fabrication flaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Zangeneh-Nejad
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Station 11, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Fleury
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Station 11, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Nanostrip-Induced High Tunability Multipolar Fano Resonances in a Au Ring-Strip Nanosystem. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8080568. [PMID: 30044425 PMCID: PMC6116260 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonances of a Au ring-strip nanosystem with tunable multipolar Fano resonances have been investigated based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Abundant plasmon properties of a Au ring-strip nanosystem can be obtained on the basis of the unique electronic properties of different geometry parameters. In our research models, these multipolar Fano resonances are induced and can be tuned independently by changing the geometry parameters of the Au ring-strip nanosystem. Complex electric field distributions excited by the Au ring-strip nanosystem provide possibility to form dark plasmonic modes. Multipolar Fano resonances display strong light extinction in the Au ring-strip nanosystem, which can offer a new approach for an optical tunable filter, optical switching, and advanced biosensing.
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11
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Photonic-crystal exciton-polaritons in monolayer semiconductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:713. [PMID: 29459736 PMCID: PMC5818602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor microcavity polaritons, formed via strong exciton-photon coupling, provide a quantum many-body system on a chip, featuring rich physics phenomena for better photonic technology. However, conventional polariton cavities are bulky, difficult to integrate, and inflexible for mode control, especially for room-temperature materials. Here we demonstrate sub-wavelength-thick, one-dimensional photonic crystals as a designable, compact, and practical platform for strong coupling with atomically thin van der Waals crystals. Polariton dispersions and mode anti-crossings are measured up to room temperature. Non-radiative decay to dark excitons is suppressed due to polariton enhancement of the radiative decay. Unusual features, including highly anisotropic dispersions and adjustable Fano resonances in reflectance, may facilitate high temperature polariton condensation in variable dimensions. Combining slab photonic crystals and van der Waals crystals in the strong coupling regime allows unprecedented engineering flexibility for exploring novel polariton phenomena and device concepts. Semiconductor microcavities can host polaritons formed by strong exciton-photon coupling, yet they may be plagued by scalability issues. Here, the authors demonstrate a sub-wavelength-thick, one-dimensional photonic crystal platform for strong coupling with atomically thin van der Waals crystals.
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