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You L, Abdelsamie A, Zhou Y, Chang L, Lim ZS, Wang J. Revisiting the Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Properties of Vertical BiFeO 3 Capacitors: A Comprehensive Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12070-12077. [PMID: 36825749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ferroelectric photovoltaic effect has been extensively studied for possible applications in energy conversion and photo-electrics. The reversible spontaneous polarization gives rise to a switchable photovoltaic behavior. However, despite its long history, the origin of the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect still lacks a full understanding since multiple mechanisms such as bulk and Schottky-barrier-related interface effects are involved. Herein, we report a comprehensive study on the photovoltaic response of BiFeO3-based vertical heterostructures, using multiple strategies to clarify its origin. We found that, under white light illumination, polarization-modulated Schottky barrier at the interface is the dominating mechanism. By varying the top metal contacts, only the photovoltaic effect of the polarization downward state is strongly modulated, suggesting selective interface contribution in different polarization states. A Schottky-barrier-free device shows negligible photovoltaic effect, suggesting the lack of bulk photovoltaic effect in vertical heterostructures under white light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Amr Abdelsamie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yang Zhou
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhi Shiuh Lim
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Block S12, #2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Physics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Liu Y, Wang X, Fan F, Li C. Bulk Photovoltage Effect in Ferroelectric BaTiO 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11071-11075. [PMID: 36416728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unusual charge separation mechanism and anomalous photovoltaic effects, the bulk photovoltage effect in ferroelectric semiconductors has attracted a great deal of attention in solar energy conversion, especially in attempts to utilize nonthermalized carriers. Among the various mechanisms that have been proposed for interpreting the photovoltaic effect, a shift mechanism was derived from quantum phenomena, which have been modeled and studied for many years. However, the concurrent shift and ballistic mechanism make investigating the ferroelectric bulk photovoltage effect complex and challenging. Here, taking a tetragonal ferroelectric BaTiO3 single crystal as a prototype, we report an approach for distinguishing the shift and ballistic mechanism-induced surface photovoltage. The results indicate different effects on the charge separation of the ballistic mechanism and shift mechanisms, as evidenced by surface photovoltage measurement. Interestingly, the shift and ballistic mechanisms afford charge separation in two opposite directions but on the same order of magnitude under monochromatic superband illumination. Our results provide facile and efficient methods for clarifying the shift and ballistic mechanisms in ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian116023, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian116023, China
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Pilyak FS, Kulikov AG, Pisarevsky YV, Blagov AE, Kovalchuk MV. Separation of the Mechanisms of Photoinduced Deformations in Crystals Using Time-Resolved X-ray Diffractometry. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Okamura Y, Morimoto T, Ogawa N, Kaneko Y, Guo GY, Nakamura M, Kawasaki M, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Photovoltaic effect by soft phonon excitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122313119. [PMID: 35344426 PMCID: PMC9169116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122313119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThe quantum-mechanical geometric phase of electrons provides various phenomena such as the dissipationless photocurrent generation through the shift current mechanism. So far, the photocurrent generations are limited to above or near the band-gap photon energy, which contradicts the increasing demand of the low-energy photonic functionality. We demonstrate the photocurrent through the optical phonon excitations in ferroelectric BaTiO3 by using the terahertz light with photon energy far below the band gap. This photocurrent without electron-hole pair generation is never explained by the semiclassical treatment of electrons and only arises from the quantum-mechanical geometric phase. The observed photon-to-current conversion efficiency is as large as that for electronic excitation, which can be well accounted for by newly developed theoretical formulation of shift current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okamura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takahiro Morimoto
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kaneko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Guang-Yu Guo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Masao Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Youtarou Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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Dai Z, Schankler AM, Gao L, Tan LZ, Rappe AM. Phonon-Assisted Ballistic Current from First-Principles Calculations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:177403. [PMID: 33988454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.177403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) refers to current generation due to illumination by light in a homogeneous bulk material lacking inversion symmetry. In addition to the intensively studied shift current, the ballistic current, which originates from asymmetric carrier generation due to scattering processes, also constitutes an important contribution to the overall kinetic model of the BPVE. In this Letter, we use a perturbative approach to derive a formula for the ballistic current resulting from the intrinsic electron-phonon scattering in a form amenable to first-principles calculation. We then implement the theory and calculate the ballistic current of the prototypical BPVE material BaTiO_{3} using quantum-mechanical density functional theory. The magnitude of the ballistic current is comparable to that of the shift current, and the total spectrum (shift plus ballistic) agrees well with the experimentally measured photocurrents. Furthermore, we show that the ballistic current is sensitive to structural change, which could benefit future photovoltaic materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Aaron M Schankler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Lingyuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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Polarization Switching in 2D Nanoscale Ferroelectrics: Computer Simulation and Experimental Data Analysis. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091841. [PMID: 32942662 PMCID: PMC7559913 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polarization switching kinetics of nanosized ferroelectric crystals and the transition between homogeneous and domain switching in nanoscale ferroelectric films are considered. Homogeneous switching according to the Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire (LGD) theory is possible only in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics. The main condition for the applicability of the LGD theory in such systems is its homogeneity along the polarization switching direction. A review is given of the experimental results for two-dimensional (2D) films of a ferroelectric polymer, nanosized barium titanate nanofilms, and hafnium oxide-based films. For ultrathin 2D ferroelectric polymer films, the results are confirmed by first-principle calculations. Fitting of the transition region from homogeneous to domain switching by sigmoidal Boltzmann functions was carried out. Boltzmann function fitting data enabled us to correctly estimate the region sizes of the homogeneous switching in which the LGD theory is valid. These sizes contain several lattice constants or monolayers of a nanosized ferroelectrics.
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Pal S, Swain AB, Biswas PP, Murugavel P. Linear bulk photovoltaic effect and phenomenological study in multi-phase co-existing ferroelectric system. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:485701. [PMID: 32750682 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abac23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric systems with multi-phase co-existence are found to exhibit anomalous photovoltaic response. In this work, detailed photovoltaic studies are carried out under 405 nm light illumination on Ba1-x(Bi0.5Li0.5)xTiO3ferroelectric oxides having the co-existence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. The linear and sinusoidal photocurrent-dependence as a function of light intensity and polarization-direction, respectively elucidate the experimental evidence for linear bulk-photovoltaic effect. Importantly, the temperature-dependent photovoltaic studies display 2-fold enhancement in photovoltage near the ferroelectric transition temperature (TC). The observed features in photovoltage follow inverse temperature-dependence of the photoconductivity. The linear relationship between the calculated bulk-photovoltaic tensor component and the photocurrent established from the proposed phenomenological model is verified through their composition-dependent studies. These studies provide the desired design parameters to engineer the ferroelectric system for better photovoltaic characteristics suitable for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Atal Bihari Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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8
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Yang MM, Iqbal AN, Peters JJP, Sanchez AM, Alexe M. Strain-gradient mediated local conduction in strained bismuth ferrite films. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2791. [PMID: 31243266 PMCID: PMC6594973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently shown that the strain gradient is able to separate the light-excited electron-hole pairs in semiconductors, but how it affects the photoelectric properties of the photo-active materials remains an open question. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of the strain gradient in mediating local photoelectric properties in the strained BiFeO3 thin films by systematically characterizing the local conduction with nanometre lateral resolution in both dark and illuminated conditions. Due to the giant strain gradient manifested at the morphotropic phase boundaries, the associated flexo-photovoltaic effect induces on one side an enhanced photoconduction in the R-phase, and on the other side a negative photoconductivity in the morphotropic \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$T\prime$$\end{document}T′-phase. This work offers insight and implication of the strain gradient on the electronic properties in both optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. In semiconductors strain gradients can separate light induced electron-hole pairs via the flexo-photovoltaic effect. Here the authors show that this effect can also account for the enhancement of the photoconduction in certain phase regions at the morphotropic phase boundary in Bismuth Ferrite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Yang
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Ana M Sanchez
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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9
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Nadupalli S, Kreisel J, Granzow T. Increasing bulk photovoltaic current by strain tuning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9199. [PMID: 30838328 PMCID: PMC6397022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic phenomena are widely exploited not only for primary energy generation but also in photocatalytic, photoelectrochemistry, or optoelectronic applications. In contrast to the interface-based photovoltaic effect of semiconductors, the anomalous or bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectrics is not bound by the Shockley-Queisser limit and, thus, can potentially reach high efficiencies. Here, we observe in the example of an Fe-doped LiNbO3 bulk single crystal the existence of a purely intrinsic "piezophotovoltaic" effect that leads to a linear increase in photovoltaic current density. The increase reaches 75% under a low uniaxial compressive stress of 10 MPa, corresponding to a strain of only 0.005%. The physical origin and symmetry properties of the effect are investigated, and its potential for strain-tuned efficiency increase in nonconventional photovoltaic materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankari Nadupalli
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jens Kreisel
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Torsten Granzow
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Corresponding author.
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Bennett-Jackson AL, Falmbigl M, Hantanasirisakul K, Gu Z, Imbrenda D, Plokhikh AV, Will-Cole A, Hatter C, Wu L, Anasori B, Gogotsi Y, Spanier JE. van der Waals epitaxy of highly (111)-oriented BaTiO 3 on MXene. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:622-630. [PMID: 30560967 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the high temperature thin film growth of BaTiO3 on Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes using van der Waals epitaxy on a degradable template layer. MXene was deposited on amorphous and crystalline substrates by spray- and dip-coating techniques, while the growth of BaTiO3 at 700 °C was accomplished using pulsed laser deposition in an oxygen rich environment. We demonstrate that the MXene flakes act as a temporary seed layer, which promotes highly oriented BaTiO3 growth along the (111) direction independent of the underlying substrate. The lattice parameters of the BaTiO3 films are close to the bulk value suggesting that the BaTiO3 films remains unstrained, as expected for van der Waals epitaxy. The initial size of the MXene flakes has an impact on the orientation of the BaTiO3 films with larger flake sizes promoting a higher fraction of the polycrystalline film to grow along the (111) direction. The deposited BaTiO3 film adopts the same morphology as the original flakes and piezoresponse force microscopy shows a robust ferroelectric behavior for individual grains. Transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the Ti3C2Tx MXene fully decomposes during the BaTiO3 deposition and the surplus Ti atoms are readily incorporated into the BaTiO3 film. Electrical measurements show a similar dielectric constant as a BaTiO3 film grown without the MXene seed layer. The demonstrated process has the potential to overcome the longstanding issue of integrating highly oriented complex oxide thin films directly on any desired substrate.
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11
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Burger AM, Agarwal R, Aprelev A, Schruba E, Gutierrez-Perez A, Fridkin VM, Spanier JE. Direct observation of shift and ballistic photovoltaic currents. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau5588. [PMID: 30746451 PMCID: PMC6357740 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The quantum phenomenon of shift photovoltaic current was predicted decades ago, but this effect was never observed directly because shift and ballistic currents coexist. The atomic-scale relaxation time of shift, along with the absence of a photo-Hall behavior, has made decisive measurement of shift elusive. Here, we report a facile, direct-current, steady-state method for unambiguous determination of shift by means of the simultaneous measurements of linear and circular bulk photovoltaic currents under magnetic field, in a sillenite piezoelectric crystal. Comparison with theoretical predictions permits estimation of the signature length scale for shift. Remarkably, shift and ballistic photovoltaic currents under monochromatic illumination simultaneously flow in opposite directions. Disentangling the shift and ballistic contributions opens the way for quantitative, fundamental insight into and practical understanding of these radically different photovoltaic current mechanisms and their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Burger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Radhe Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexey Aprelev
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Schruba
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Vladimir M. Fridkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 59, Moscow, 117333, Russian Federation
| | - Jonathan E. Spanier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Pal S, Swain AB, Biswas PP, Murali D, Pal A, Nanda BRK, Murugavel P. Giant photovoltaic response in band engineered ferroelectric perovskite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8005. [PMID: 29789634 PMCID: PMC5964148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently the solar energy, an inevitable part of green energy source, has become a mandatory topics in frontier research areas. In this respect, non-centrosymmetric ferroelectric perovskites with open circuit voltage (VOC) higher than the bandgap, gain tremendous importance as next generation photovoltaic materials. Here a non-toxic co-doped Ba1-x(Bi0.5Li0.5) x TiO3 ferroelectric system is designed where the dopants influence the band topology in order to enhance the photovoltaic effect. In particular, at the optimal doping concentration (x opt ~ 0.125) the sample reveals a remarkably high photogenerated field EOC = 320 V/cm (VOC = 16 V), highest ever reported in any bulk polycrystalline non-centrosymmetric systems. The band structure, examined through DFT calculations, suggests that the shift current mechanism is key to explain the large enhancement in photovoltaic effect in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Atal Bihari Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Pranab Parimal Biswas
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - D Murali
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - B Ranjit K Nanda
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Pattukkannu Murugavel
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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13
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Yang MM, Kim DJ, Alexe M. Flexo-photovoltaic effect. Science 2018; 360:904-907. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yang MM, Alexe M. Light-Induced Reversible Control of Ferroelectric Polarization in BiFeO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704908. [PMID: 29457305 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of ferroic order parameters, namely (anti-)ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic, by light at room temperature is a fascinating topic in modern solid-state physics due to potential cross-fertilization in research fields that are largely decoupled. Here, full optical control, that is, reversible switching, of the ferroelectric/ferroelastic domains in BiFeO3 thin films at room temperature by the mediation of the tip-enhanced photovoltaic effect is demonstrated. The enhanced short-circuit photocurrent density at the tip contact area generates a local electric field well exceeding the coercive field, enabling ferroelectric polarization switching. Interestingly, by tailoring the photocurrent direction, via either tuning the illumination geometry or simply rotating the light polarization, full control of the ferroelectric polarization is achieved. The finding offers a new insight into the interactions between light and ferroic orders, enabling fully optical control of all the ferroic orders at room temperature and providing guidance to design novel optoferroic devices for data storage and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Yang
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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