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Aeberhard U, Zeder S, Ruhstaller B. Reconciliation of dipole emission with detailed balance rates for the simulation of luminescence and photon recycling in perovskite solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:14773-14788. [PMID: 33985192 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical description of light emission, propagation and re-absorption in semiconductor multilayer stacks is derived based on the transverse Green's function of the electromagnetic field in the presence of a complex dielectric. The canonical dipole emission model is parametrized in terms of the local optical material constants and the local quasi-Fermi level splitting using the detailed balance relation between local absorption and emission rates. The framework obtained in this way is shown to reproduce the generalized Kirchhoff relations between the luminescent emission from metal halide perovskite slabs under uniform excitation and the slab absorptance of light with arbitrary angle of incidence. Use of the proper local density of transverse photon states in the local emission rate includes cavity effects in the generalized Planck law for internal spontaneous emission, which are neglected in the conventional Van Roosbroeck-Shockley formalism and avoids spurious divergencies due to non-radiative energy transfer via longitudinal modes. Finally, a consistent treatment of re-absorption provides the local rate of secondary photogeneration required for the consideration of photon recycling in an opto-electronic device simulator that includes the effects of charge transport.
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Zhang S, Wang J, Wen S, Jiang M, Xiao H, Ding X, Wang N, Li M, Zu X, Li S, Yam C, Huang B, Qiao L. Approaching Charge Separation Efficiency to Unity without Charge Recombination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:176401. [PMID: 33988439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.176401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of charge separation (CS) and charge transport (CT) is essential for almost all optoelectronic applications, yet its maximization remains a big challenge. Here we propose a conceptual strategy to achieve CS efficiency close to unity and simultaneously avoid charge recombination (CR) during CT in a ferroelectric polar-discontinuity (PD) superlattice structure, as demonstrated in (BaTiO_{3})_{m}/(BiFeO_{3})_{n}, which is fundamentally different from the existing mechanisms. The competition of interfacial dipole and ferroelectric PD induces opposite band bending in BiFeO_{3} and BaTiO_{3} sublattices. Consequently, the photoexcited electrons (e) and holes (h) in individual sublattices move forward to the opposite interfaces forming electrically isolated e and h channels, leading to a CS efficiency close to unity. Importantly, the spatial isolation of conduction channels in (BaTiO_{3})_{m}/(BiFeO_{3})_{n} enable suppression of CR during CT, thus realizing a unique band diagram for spatially orthogonal CS and CT. Remarkably, (BaTiO_{3})_{m}/(BiFeO_{3})_{n} can maintain a high photocurrent and large band gap simultaneously. Our results provide a fascinating illumination for designing artificial heterostructures toward ideal CS and CT in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Menglu Li
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaotao Zu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales Australia
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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Galvani B, Suchet D, Delamarre A, Bescond M, Michelini FV, Lannoo M, Guillemoles JF, Cavassilas N. Impact of Electron-Phonon Scattering on Optical Properties of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Hybrid Perovskite Material. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21487-21493. [PMID: 31867544 PMCID: PMC6921607 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the impact of electron-phonon scattering on the optical properties of a perovskite material (CH3NH3PbI3). Using nonequilibrium Green function formalism, we calculate the local density of states for several values of the electron-phonon scattering strength. We report an Urbach-like penetration of the density of states in the band gap due to scattering. A physical analytical model allows us to attribute this behavior to a multiphonon process. Values of Urbach energy up to 9.5 meV are obtained, meaning that scattering contribution to the total experimental Urbach energy of 15 meV is quite important. We also show that the open-circuit voltage V oc, for a solar cell assuming such a material as an absorber, depends on the scattering strength. V oc loss increases with the scattering strength, up to 41 mV. Finally, an unexpected result of this study, is that the impact of electron-phonon scattering on Urbach tail and V oc increases with the phonon energy. This low value in perovskite (8 meV) is therefore an advantage for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Galvani
- Aix
Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP
UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Suchet
- Ecole
Polytechnique, IPVF, Institut Photovoltaque
d’ Ile-de-France, 30 RD 128, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Amaury Delamarre
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, Ile-de-France, France
| | - Marc Bescond
- LIMMS,
CNRS-Institute of Industrial Science, UMI 2820, University of Tokyo, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Michel Lannoo
- Aix
Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP
UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cavassilas
- Aix
Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP
UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France
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Li C, Cao Q, Wang F, Xiao Y, Li Y, Delaunay JJ, Zhu H. Engineering graphene and TMDs based van der Waals heterostructures for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4981-5037. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a systematic overview of the integration, surface, and interfacial engineering of 2D/3D and 2D/2D homo/heterojunctions for PV and PEC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Faze Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yequan Xiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | | | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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