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Nikolov B, Diamond-Hitchcock E, Bass J, Spong NLR, Pritchard JD. Randomized Benchmarking Using Nondestructive Readout in a Two-Dimensional Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:030602. [PMID: 37540850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutral atoms are a promising platform for scalable quantum computing, however, prior demonstration of high fidelity gates or low-loss readout methods have employed restricted numbers of qubits. Using randomized benchmarking of microwave-driven single-qubit gates, we demonstrate average gate errors of 7(2)×10^{-5} on a 225 site atom array using conventional, destructive readout. We further demonstrate a factor of 1.7 suppression of the primary measurement errors via low-loss, nondestructive, and state-selective readout on 49 sites while achieving gate errors of 2(9)×10^{-4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nikolov
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - E Diamond-Hitchcock
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J Bass
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - N L R Spong
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J D Pritchard
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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2
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Deist E, Lu YH, Ho J, Pasha MK, Zeiher J, Yan Z, Stamper-Kurn DM. Mid-Circuit Cavity Measurement in a Neutral Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:203602. [PMID: 36462020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subsystem readout during a quantum process, or mid-circuit measurement, is crucial for error correction in quantum computation, simulation, and metrology. Ideal mid-circuit measurement should be faster than the decoherence of the system, high-fidelity, and nondestructive to the unmeasured qubits. Here, we use a strongly coupled optical cavity to read out the state of a single tweezer-trapped ^{87}Rb atom within a small tweezer array. Measuring either atomic fluorescence or the transmission of light through the cavity, we detect both the presence and the state of an atom in the tweezer, within only tens of microseconds, with state preparation and measurement infidelities of roughly 0.5% and atom loss probabilities of around 1%. Using a two-tweezer system, we find measurement on one atom within the cavity causes no observable hyperfine-state decoherence on a second atom located tens of microns from the cavity volume. This high-fidelity mid-circuit readout method is a substantial step toward quantum error correction in neutral atom arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Deist
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Ho
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mary Kate Pasha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Zhenjie Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Stricker R, Vodola D, Erhard A, Postler L, Meth M, Ringbauer M, Schindler P, Monz T, Müller M, Blatt R. Experimental deterministic correction of qubit loss. Nature 2020; 585:207-210. [PMID: 32908267 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The successful operation of quantum computers relies on protecting qubits from decoherence and noise, which-if uncorrected-will lead to erroneous results. Because these errors accumulate during an algorithm, correcting them is a key requirement for large-scale and fault-tolerant quantum information processors. Besides computational errors, which can be addressed by quantum error correction1-9, the carrier of the information can also be completely lost or the information can leak out of the computational space10-14. It is expected that such loss errors will occur at rates that are comparable to those of computational errors. Here we experimentally implement a full cycle of qubit loss detection and correction on a minimal instance of a topological surface code15,16 in a trapped-ion quantum processor. The key technique used for this correction is a quantum non-demolition measurement performed via an ancillary qubit, which acts as a minimally invasive probe that detects absent qubits while imparting the smallest quantum mechanically possible disturbance to the remaining qubits. Upon detecting qubit loss, a recovery procedure is triggered in real time that maps the logical information onto a new encoding on the remaining qubits. Although the current demonstration is performed in a trapped-ion quantum processor17, the protocol is applicable to other quantum computing architectures and error correcting codes, including leading two- and three-dimensional topological codes. These deterministic methods provide a complete toolbox for the correction of qubit loss that, together with techniques that mitigate computational errors, constitute the building blocks of complete and scalable quantum error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Stricker
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Davide Vodola
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alexander Erhard
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Postler
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Meth
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Ringbauer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Schindler
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Monz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Theoretical Nanoelectronics, Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rainer Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Koepsell J, Hirthe S, Bourgund D, Sompet P, Vijayan J, Salomon G, Gross C, Bloch I. Robust Bilayer Charge Pumping for Spin- and Density-Resolved Quantum Gas Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:010403. [PMID: 32678648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum gas microscopy has emerged as a powerful new way to probe quantum many-body systems at the microscopic level. However, layered or efficient spin-resolved readout methods have remained scarce as they impose strong demands on the specific atomic species and constrain the simulated lattice geometry and size. Here we present a novel high-fidelity bilayer readout, which can be used for full spin- and density-resolved quantum gas microscopy of two-dimensional systems with arbitrary geometry. Our technique makes use of an initial Stern-Gerlach splitting into adjacent layers of a highly stable vertical superlattice and subsequent charge pumping to separate the layers by 21 μm. This separation enables independent high-resolution images of each layer. We benchmark our method by spin- and density-resolving two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard systems. Our technique furthermore enables the access to advanced entropy engineering schemes, spectroscopic methods, or the realization of tunable bilayer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis Koepsell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirthe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dominik Bourgund
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pimonpan Sompet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Jayadev Vijayan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Salomon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
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6
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Guo R, He X, Sheng C, Yang J, Xu P, Wang K, Zhong J, Liu M, Wang J, Zhan M. Balanced Coherence Times of Atomic Qubits of Different Species in a Dual 3×3 Magic-Intensity Optical Dipole Trap Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:153201. [PMID: 32357028 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We construct a polarization-mediated magic-intensity (MI) optical dipole trap (ODT) array, in which the detrimental effects of light shifts on the mixed-species qubits are efficiently mitigated so that the coherence times of the mixed-species qubits are both substantially enhanced and balanced for the first time. This mixed-species magic trapping technique relies on the tunability of the coefficient of the third-order cross term and ground state hyperpolarizability, which are inherently dependent on the degree of circular polarization of the trapping laser. Experimentally, polarization of the ODT array for ^{85}Rb qubits is finely adjusted to a definite value so that its working magnetic field required for magic trapping amounts to the one required for magically trapping ^{87}Rb qubits in another ODT array with fully circular polarization. Ultimately, in such a polarization-mediated MI-ODT array, the coherence times of ^{87}Rb and ^{85}Rb qubits are, respectively, enhanced up to 891±47 ms and 943±35 ms. Moreover, we reveal that the noise of the elliptic polarization causes dephasing effect on the ^{85}Rb qubits but it could be efficiently mitigated by choosing the dynamical range of active polarization device. We also show that light shifts seen by qubits in an elliptically polarized MI-ODT can be more efficiently compensated due to the decrease in the ground state hyperpolarizability. It is anticipated that the novel mixed-species MI-ODT array is a versatile platform for building scalable quantum computers with neutral atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cheng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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7
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Graham TM, Kwon M, Grinkemeyer B, Marra Z, Jiang X, Lichtman MT, Sun Y, Ebert M, Saffman M. Rydberg-Mediated Entanglement in a Two-Dimensional Neutral Atom Qubit Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:230501. [PMID: 31868460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.230501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high fidelity two-qubit Rydberg blockade and entanglement on a pair of sites in a large two-dimensional qubit array. The qubit array is defined by a grid of blue detuned lines of light with 121 sites for trapping atomic qubits. Improved experimental methods have increased the observed Bell state fidelity to F_{Bell}=0.86(2). Accounting for errors in state preparation and measurement we infer a fidelity of F_{Bell}^{-SPAM}=0.88. Accounting for errors in single qubit operations we infer that a Bell state created with the Rydberg mediated C_{Z} gate has a fidelity of F_{Bell}^{C_{Z}}=0.89. Comparison with a detailed error model based on quantum process matrices indicates that finite atom temperature and laser noise are the dominant error sources contributing to the observed gate infidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Graham
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kwon
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Grinkemeyer
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Marra
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M T Lichtman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ebert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Saffman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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8
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Levine H, Keesling A, Semeghini G, Omran A, Wang TT, Ebadi S, Bernien H, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Pichler H, Lukin MD. Parallel Implementation of High-Fidelity Multiqubit Gates with Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:170503. [PMID: 31702233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.170503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of universal two- and three-qubit entangling gates on neutral-atom qubits encoded in long-lived hyperfine ground states. The gates are mediated by excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states and are implemented in parallel on several clusters of atoms in a one-dimensional array of optical tweezers. Specifically, we realize the controlled-phase gate, enacted by a novel, fast protocol involving only global coupling of two qubits to Rydberg states. We benchmark this operation by preparing Bell states with fidelity F≥95.0(2)%, and extract gate fidelity ≥97.4(3)%, averaged across five atom pairs. In addition, we report a proof-of-principle implementation of the three-qubit Toffoli gate, in which two control atoms simultaneously constrain the behavior of one target atom. These experiments demonstrate key ingredients for high-fidelity quantum information processing in a scalable neutral-atom platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Giulia Semeghini
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tout T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts 01984, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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9
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Covey JP, Madjarov IS, Cooper A, Endres M. 2000-Times Repeated Imaging of Strontium Atoms in Clock-Magic Tweezer Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173201. [PMID: 31107094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate single-atom resolved imaging with a survival probability of 0.99932(8) and a fidelity of 0.99991(1), enabling us to perform repeated high-fidelity imaging of single atoms in tweezers thousands of times. We further observe lifetimes under laser cooling of more than seven minutes, an order of magnitude longer than in previous tweezer studies. Experiments are performed with strontium atoms in 813.4 nm tweezer arrays, which is at a magic wavelength for the clock transition. Tuning to this wavelength is enabled by off-magic Sisyphus cooling on the intercombination line, which lets us choose the tweezer wavelength almost arbitrarily. We find that a single not retroreflected cooling beam in the radial direction is sufficient for mitigating recoil heating during imaging. Moreover, this cooling technique yields temperatures below 5 μK, as measured by release and recapture. Finally, we demonstrate clock-state resolved detection with average survival probability of 0.996(1) and average state detection fidelity of 0.981(1). Our work paves the way for atom-by-atom assembly of large defect-free arrays of alkaline-earth atoms, in which repeated interrogation of the clock transition is an imminent possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Covey
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ivaylo S Madjarov
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Alexandre Cooper
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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10
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Martinez-Dorantes M, Alt W, Gallego J, Ghosh S, Ratschbacher L, Völzke Y, Meschede D. Fast Nondestructive Parallel Readout of Neutral Atom Registers in Optical Potentials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:180503. [PMID: 29219582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the parallel and nondestructive readout of the hyperfine state for optically trapped ^{87}Rb atoms. The scheme is based on state-selective fluorescence imaging and achieves detection fidelities >98% within 10 ms, while keeping 99% of the atoms trapped. For the readout of dense arrays of neutral atoms in optical lattices, where the fluorescence images of neighboring atoms overlap, we apply a novel image analysis technique using Bayesian inference to determine the internal state of multiple atoms. Our method is scalable to large neutral atom registers relevant for future quantum information processing tasks requiring fast and nondestructive readout and can also be used for the simultaneous readout of quantum information stored in internal qubit states and in the atoms' positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez-Dorantes
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - W Alt
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Gallego
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S Ghosh
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Ratschbacher
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Völzke
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Meschede
- Institut für Angewandte Physik der Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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