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Analysis of Birefringence and Dispersion Effects from Spacetime-Symmetry Breaking in Gravitational Waves. UNIVERSE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/universe7100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we review the effective field theory framework to search for Lorentz and CPT symmetry breaking during the propagation of gravitational waves. The article is written so as to bridge the gap between the theory of spacetime-symmetry breaking and the analysis of gravitational-wave signals detected by ground-based interferometers. The primary physical effects beyond General Relativity that we explore here are dispersion and birefringence of gravitational waves. We discuss their implementation in the open-source LIGO-Virgo algorithm library suite, and we discuss the statistical method used to perform a Bayesian inference of the posterior probability of the coefficients for symmetry-breaking. We present preliminary results of this work in the form of simulations of modified gravitational waveforms, together with sensitivity studies of the measurements of the coefficients for Lorentz and CPT violation. The findings show the high potential of gravitational wave sources across the sky to sensitively probe for these signals of new physics.
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2
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Tsujikawa S, Zhang C, Zhao X, Wang A. Odd-parity stability of black holes in Einstein-aether gravity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.064024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Abstract
We study spherically symmetric spacetimes in Einstein-aether theory in three different coordinate systems, the isotropic, Painlevè-Gullstrand, and Schwarzschild coordinates, in which the aether is always comoving, and present both time-dependent and time-independent exact vacuum solutions. In particular, in the isotropic coordinates we find a class of exact static solutions characterized by a single parameter c14 in closed forms, which satisfies all the current observational constraints of the theory, and reduces to the Schwarzschild vacuum black hole solution in the decoupling limit (c14=0). However, as long as c14≠0, a marginally trapped throat with a finite non-zero radius always exists, and on one side of it the spacetime is asymptotically flat, while on the other side the spacetime becomes singular within a finite proper distance from the throat, although the geometric area is infinitely large at the singularity. Moreover, the singularity is a strong and spacetime curvature singularity, at which both of the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars become infinitely large.
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Campbell WM, McAllister BT, Goryachev M, Ivanov EN, Tobar ME. Searching for Scalar Dark Matter via Coupling to Fundamental Constants with Photonic, Atomic, and Mechanical Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:071301. [PMID: 33666447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a way to search for light scalar dark matter (DM), seeking to exploit putative coupling between dark matter scalar fields and fundamental constants, by searching for frequency modulations in direct comparisons between frequency stable oscillators. Specifically we compare a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO), hydrogen maser (HM) atomic oscillator, and a bulk acoustic wave quartz oscillator (OCXO). This work includes the first calculation of the dependence of acoustic oscillators on variations of the fundamental constants, and demonstration that they can be a sensitive tool for scalar DM experiments. Results are presented based on 16 days of data in comparisons between the HM and OCXO, and 2 days of comparison between the OCXO and CSO. No evidence of oscillating fundamental constants consistent with a coupling to scalar dark matter is found, and instead limits on the strength of these couplings as a function of the dark matter mass are determined. We constrain the dimensionless coupling constant d_{e} and combination |d_{m_{e}}-d_{g}| across the mass band 4.4×10^{-19}≲m_{φ}≲6.8×10^{-14} eV c^{-2}, with most sensitive limits d_{e}≳1.59×10^{-1}, |d_{m_{e}}-dg|≳6.97×10^{-1}. Notably, these limits do not rely on maximum reach analysis (MRA), instead employing the more general coefficient separation technique. This experiment paves the way for future, highly sensitive experiments based on state-of-the-art acoustic oscillators, and we show that these limits can be competitive with the best current MRA-based exclusion limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ben T McAllister
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maxim Goryachev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Eugene N Ivanov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael E Tobar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Benefit of New High-Precision LLR Data for the Determination of Relativistic Parameters. UNIVERSE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/universe7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since 1969, Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) data have been collected by various observatories and analysed by different analysis groups. In the recent years, observations with bigger telescopes (APOLLO) and at infra-red wavelength (OCA) are carried out, resulting in a better distribution of precise LLR data over the lunar orbit and the observed retro-reflectors on the Moon. This is a great advantage for various investigations in the LLR analysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefit of the new LLR data for the determination of relativistic parameters. Here, we show current results for relativistic parameters like a possible temporal variation of the gravitational constant G˙/G0=(−5.0±9.6)×10−15yr−1, the equivalence principle with Δmg/miEM=(−2.1±2.4)×10−14, and the PPN parameters β−1=(6.2±7.2)×10−5 and γ−1=(1.7±1.6)×10−4. The results show a significant improvement in the accuracy of the various parameters, mainly due to better coverage of the lunar orbit, better distribution of measurements over the lunar retro-reflectors, and last but not least, higher accuracy of the data. Within the estimated accuracies, no violation of Einstein’s theory is found and the results set improved limits for the different effects.
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Abstract
The effects of Lorentz and CPT violations on macroscopic objects are explored. Effective composite coefficients for Lorentz violation are derived in terms of coefficients for electrons, protons, and neutrons in the Standard-Model Extension, including all minimal and non-minimal violations. The hamiltonian and modified Newton’s second law for a test body are derived. The framework is applied to free-fall and torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle and to orbital motion. The effects on continuous media are studied, and the frequency shifts in acoustic resonators are calculated.
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Bars HPL, Guerlin C, Hees A, Peaucelle R, Tasson JD, Bailey QG, Mo G, Delva P, Meynadier F, Touboul P, Métris G, Rodrigues M, Bergé J, Wolf P. New Test of Lorentz Invariance Using the MICROSCOPE Space Mission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:231102. [PMID: 31868496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use data from the T-SAGE instrument on board the MICROSCOPE space mission to search for Lorentz violation in matter-gravity couplings as described by the Lorentz violating standard model extension (SME) coefficients (a[over ¯]_{eff})_{μ}^{w}, where (μ=T, X, Y, Z) and (w=e, p, n) for the electron, proton, and neutron. One of the phenomenological consequences of a nonzero value of those coefficients is that test bodies of different composition fall differently in an external gravitational field. This is similar to "standard" tests of the universality of free fall, but with a specific signature that depends on the orbital velocity and rotation of Earth. We analyze data from five measurement sessions of MICROSCOPE spread over a year finding no evidence for such a signature, but setting constraints on linear combinations of the SME coefficients that improve on best previous results by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, our independent linear combinations are different from previous ones, which increases the diversity of available constraints, paving the way towards a full decorrelation of the individual coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pihan-le Bars
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Guerlin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Romain Peaucelle
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), 78066 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Jay D Tasson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Quentin G Bailey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Pacôme Delva
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Meynadier
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312 Sèvres, France
| | - Pierre Touboul
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Joël Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
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Moseley S, Scaramuzza N, Tasson JD, Trostel ML. Lorentz violation and Sagnac gyroscopes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.064031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Lorentz symmetry is an important concept in modern physics. Precision pulsar timing was used to put tight constraints on the coefficients for Lorentz violation in the pure-gravity sector of the Standard-Model Extension (SME). We extend the analysis to Lorentz-violating matter-gravity couplings, utilizing three small-eccentricity relativistic neutron star (NS)—white dwarf (WD) binaries. We obtain compelling limits on various SME coefficients related to the neutron, the proton, and the electron. These results are complementary to limits obtained from lunar laser ranging and clock experiments.
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10
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Shao CG, Chen YF, Tan YJ, Yang SQ, Luo J, Tobar ME, Long JC, Weisman E, Kostelecký VA. Combined Search for a Lorentz-Violating Force in Short-Range Gravity Varying as the Inverse Sixth Power of Distance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:011102. [PMID: 31012650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of the inverse-square law via experiments on short-range gravity provide sensitive tests of Lorentz symmetry. A combined analysis of data from experiments at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Indiana University sets simultaneous limits on all 22 coefficients for Lorentz violation correcting the Newton force law as the inverse sixth power of distance. Results are consistent with no effect at the level of 10^{-12} m^{4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Edmund Tobar
- Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J C Long
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Weisman
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Alan Kostelecký
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Cheung JA, Ng WK. Constraining Non-linear Dirac Equations with Neutrino Oscillations. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920609010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the phenomenological studies of non-linear quantum models, we use an axiomatic approach to modify the Dirac Lagrangian. We apply constraints such as Hermiticity, locality, universality, etc to obtain various generic modified energy dispersion relations. After-which, we use the parameters from the neutrino oscillations to obtain bounds on these new modified dispersion relations.
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