1
|
Bu JT, Zhang JQ, Ding GY, Li JC, Zhang JW, Wang B, Ding WQ, Yuan WF, Chen L, Özdemir ŞK, Zhou F, Jing H, Feng M. Enhancement of Quantum Heat Engine by Encircling a Liouvillian Exceptional Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:110402. [PMID: 37001093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum heat engines are expected to outperform the classical counterparts due to quantum coherences involved. Here we experimentally execute a single-ion quantum heat engine and demonstrate, for the first time, the dynamics and the enhanced performance of the heat engine originating from the Liouvillian exceptional points (LEPs). In addition to the topological effects related to LEPs, we focus on thermodynamic effects, which can be understood by the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process under decoherence. We witness a positive net work from the quantum heat engine if the heat engine cycle dynamically encircles a LEP. Further investigation reveals that a larger net work is done when the system is operated closer to the LEP. We attribute the enhanced performance of the quantum heat engine to the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process, enabled by the eigenenergy landscape in the vicinity of the LEP, and the exceptional point-induced topological transition. Therefore, our results open new possibilities toward LEP-enabled control of quantum heat engines and of thermodynamic processes in open quantum systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-T Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G-Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-W Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - B Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-Q Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-F Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Ş K Özdemir
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - H Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - M Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verification of Information Thermodynamics in a Trapped Ion System. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24060813. [PMID: 35741534 PMCID: PMC9222944 DOI: 10.3390/e24060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Information thermodynamics has developed rapidly over past years, and the trapped ions, as a controllable quantum system, have demonstrated feasibility to experimentally verify the theoretical predictions in the information thermodynamics. Here, we address some representative theories of information thermodynamics, such as the quantum Landauer principle, information equality based on the two-point measurement, information-theoretical bound of irreversibility, and speed limit restrained by the entropy production of system, and review their experimental demonstration in the trapped ion system. In these schemes, the typical physical processes, such as the entropy flow, energy transfer, and information flow, build the connection between thermodynamic processes and information variation. We then elucidate the concrete quantum control strategies to simulate these processes by using quantum operators and the decay paths in the trapped-ion system. Based on them, some significantly dynamical processes in the trapped ion system to realize the newly proposed information-thermodynamic models is reviewed. Although only some latest experimental results of information thermodynamics with a single trapped-ion quantum system are reviewed here, we expect to find more exploration in the future with more ions involved in the experimental systems.
Collapse
|
3
|
Heveling R, Wang J, Steinigeweg R, Gemmer J. Integral fluctuation theorem and generalized Clausius inequality for microcanonical and pure states. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064112. [PMID: 35854572 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuation theorems are cornerstones of modern statistical mechanics and their standard derivations routinely rely on the crucial assumption of a canonical equilibrium state. Yet rigorous derivations of certain fluctuation theorems for microcanonical states and pure energy eigenstates in isolated quantum systems are still lacking and constitute a major challenge to theory. In this work we tackle this challenge and present such a derivation of an integral fluctuation theorem (IFT) by invoking two central and physically natural conditions, i.e., the so-called "stiffness" and "smoothness" of transition probabilities. Our analytical arguments are additionally substantiated by numerical simulations for archetypal many-body quantum systems, including integrable as well as nonintegrable models of interacting spins and hard-core bosons on a lattice. These simulations strongly suggest that "stiffness" and "smoothness" are indeed of vital importance for the validity of the IFT for microcanonical and pure states. Our work contrasts with recent approaches to the IFT based on Lieb-Robinson speeds and the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heveling
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jiaozi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Robin Steinigeweg
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jochen Gemmer
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iyoda E, Kaneko K, Sagawa T. Eigenstate fluctuation theorem in the short- and long-time regimes. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044106. [PMID: 35590636 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The canonical ensemble plays a crucial role in statistical mechanics in and out of equilibrium. For example, the standard derivation of the fluctuation theorem relies on the assumption that the initial state of the heat bath is the canonical ensemble. On the other hand, the recent progress in the foundation of statistical mechanics has revealed that a thermal equilibrium state is not necessarily described by the canonical ensemble but can be a quantum pure state or even a single energy eigenstate, as formulated by the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Then a question raised is how these two pictures, the canonical ensemble and a single energy eigenstate as a thermal equilibrium state, are compatible in the fluctuation theorem. In this paper, we theoretically and numerically show that the fluctuation theorem holds in both of the long- and short-time regimes, even when the initial state of the bath is a single energy eigenstate of a many-body system. Our proof of the fluctuation theorem in the long-time regime is based on the ETH, while it was previously shown in the short-time regime on the basis of the Lieb-Robinson bound and the ETH [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 100601 (2017)0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.119.100601]. The proofs for these time regimes are theoretically independent and complementary, implying the fluctuation theorem in the entire time domain. We also perform a systematic numerical simulation of hard-core bosons by exact diagonalization and verify the fluctuation theorem in both of the time regimes by focusing on the finite-size scaling. Our results contribute to the understanding of the mechanism that the fluctuation theorem emerges from unitary dynamics of quantum many-body systems and can be tested by experiments with, e.g., ultracold atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Iyoda
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kaneko
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan LL, Zhang JW, Yun MR, Li JC, Ding GY, Wei JF, Bu JT, Wang B, Chen L, Su SL, Zhou F, Jia Y, Liang EJ, Feng M. Experimental Verification of Dissipation-Time Uncertainty Relation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:050603. [PMID: 35179926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation is vital to any cyclic process in realistic systems. Recent research focus on nonequilibrium processes in stochastic systems has revealed a fundamental trade-off, called dissipation-time uncertainty relation, that entropy production rate associated with dissipation bounds the evolution pace of physical processes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 120604 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.120604]. Following the dissipative two-level model exemplified in the same Letter, we experimentally verify this fundamental trade-off in a single trapped ultracold ^{40}Ca^{+} ion using elaborately designed dissipative channels, along with a postprocessing method developed in the data analysis, to build the effective nonequilibrium stochastic evolutions for the energy transfer between two heat baths mediated by a qubit. Since the dissipation-time uncertainty relation imposes a constraint on the quantum speed regarding entropy flux, our observation provides the first experimental evidence confirming such a speed restriction from thermodynamics on quantum operations due to dissipation, which helps us further understand the role of thermodynamical characteristics played in quantum information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-L Yan
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J-W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - M-R Yun
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J-C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - G-Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-F Wei
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J-T Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - B Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - S-L Su
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Y Jia
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - E-J Liang
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - M Feng
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang JW, Yan LL, Li JC, Ding GY, Bu JT, Chen L, Su SL, Zhou F, Feng M. Single-Atom Verification of the Noise-Resilient and Fast Characteristics of Universal Nonadiabatic Noncyclic Geometric Quantum Gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:030502. [PMID: 34328774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantum gates induced by geometric phases are intrinsically robust against noise due to the global properties of their evolution paths. Compared to conventional nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation, the recently proposed nonadiabatic noncyclic geometric quantum computation (NNGQC) works in a faster fashion while still remaining the robust feature of the geometric operations. Here, we experimentally implement the NNGQC in a single trapped ultracold ^{40}Ca^{+} ion to verify the noise-resilient and fast feature. By performing unitary operations under imperfect conditions, we witness the advantages of the NNGQC with measured fidelities by quantum process tomography in comparison to other two quantum gates by conventional nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation and by straightforward dynamical evolution. Our results provide the first evidence confirming the possibility of accelerated quantum information processing with limited systematic errors even in an imperfect situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L-L Yan
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - G Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J T Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - S-L Su
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - M Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rossi M, Mancino L, Landi GT, Paternostro M, Schliesser A, Belenchia A. Experimental Assessment of Entropy Production in a Continuously Measured Mechanical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:080601. [PMID: 32909766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The information on a quantum process acquired through measurements plays a crucial role in the determination of its nonequilibrium thermodynamic properties. We report on the experimental inference of the stochastic entropy production rate for a continuously monitored mesoscopic quantum system. We consider an optomechanical system subjected to continuous displacement Gaussian measurements and characterize the entropy production rate of the individual trajectories followed by the system in its stochastic dynamics, employing a phase-space description in terms of the Wigner entropy. Owing to the specific regime of our experiment, we are able to single out the informational contribution to the entropy production arising from conditioning the state on the measurement outcomes. Our experiment embodies a significant step towards the demonstration of full-scale control of fundamental thermodynamic processes at the mesoscopic quantum scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Rossi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Mancino
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel T Landi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05314-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Schliesser
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessio Belenchia
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Micadei K, Landi GT, Lutz E. Quantum Fluctuation Theorems beyond Two-Point Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:090602. [PMID: 32202866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.090602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We derive detailed and integral quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange in a quantum correlated bipartite thermal system using the framework of dynamic Bayesian networks. Contrary to the usual two-projective-measurement scheme that is known to destroy quantum features, these fluctuation relations fully capture quantum correlations and quantum coherence at arbitrary times. We further obtain individual integral fluctuation theorems for classical and quantum correlations, as well as for local and global quantum coherences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaonan Micadei
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabriel T Landi
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, 05314-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Lutz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arrais EG, Wisniacki DA, Roncaglia AJ, Toscano F. Work statistics for sudden quenches in interacting quantum many-body systems. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:052136. [PMID: 31869952 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.052136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Work in isolated quantum systems is a random variable and its probability distribution function obeys the celebrated fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski. In this study, we provide a simple way to describe the work probability distribution function for sudden quench processes in quantum systems with large Hilbert spaces. This description can be constructed from two elements: the level density of the initial Hamiltonian, and a smoothed strength function that provides information about the influence of the perturbation over the eigenvectors in the quench process, and is especially suited to describe quantum many-body interacting systems. We also show how random models can be used to find such smoothed work probability distribution and apply this approach to different one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain models. Our findings provide an accurate description of the work distribution of such systems in the cases of intermediate and high temperatures in both chaotic and integrable regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Arrais
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego A Wisniacki
- Departamento de Física "J. J. Giambiagi" and IFIBA, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto J Roncaglia
- Departamento de Física "J. J. Giambiagi" and IFIBA, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Toscano
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inferring broken detailed balance in the absence of observable currents. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3542. [PMID: 31387988 PMCID: PMC6684597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying dissipation is essential for understanding the physical mechanisms underlying nonequilibrium processes. In living systems, for example, the dissipation is directly related to the hydrolysis of fuel molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nevertheless, detecting broken time-reversal symmetry, which is the hallmark of dissipative processes, remains a challenge in the absence of observable directed motion, flows, or fluxes. Furthermore, quantifying the entropy production in a complex system requires detailed information about its dynamics and internal degrees of freedom. Here we introduce a novel approach to detect time irreversibility and estimate the entropy production from time-series measurements, even in the absence of observable currents. We apply our technique to two different physical systems, namely, a partially hidden network and a molecular motor. Our method does not require complete information about the system dynamics and thus provides a new tool for studying nonequilibrium phenomena. Non-equilibrium systems with hidden states are relevant for biological systems such as molecular motors. Here the authors introduce a method for quantifying irreversibility in such a system by exploiting the fluctuations in the waiting times of time series data.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma YH, Xu D, Dong H, Sun CP. Optimal operating protocol to achieve efficiency at maximum power of heat engines. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:022133. [PMID: 30253629 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.022133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency at maximum power has been investigated extensively, yet the practical control scheme to achieve it remains elusive. We fill this gap with a stepwise Carnot-like cycle, which consists of the discrete isothermal process (DIP) and adiabatic process. With DIP, we validate the widely adopted assumption of the C/t relation of the irreversible entropy generation S^{(ir)} and show the explicit dependence of the coefficient C on the fluctuation of the speed of tuning energy levels as well as the microscopic coupling constants to the heat baths. Such a dependence allows us to control the irreversible entropy generation by choosing specific control schemes. We further demonstrate the achievable efficiency at maximum power and the corresponding control scheme with the simple two-level system. Our current work opens new avenues for an experimental test, which was not feasible due to the lack the of the practical control scheme in the previous low-dissipation model or its equivalents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Ma
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dazhi Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100084, China.,Center for Quantum Technology Research and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang-Pu Sun
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Campisi M, Hänggi P. Comment on "Experimental Verification of a Jarzynski-Related Information-Theoretic Equality by a Single Trapped Ion". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:088901. [PMID: 30192583 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.088901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze and INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Peter Hänggi
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fei Z, Quan HT, Liu F. Quantum corrections of work statistics in closed quantum systems. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:012132. [PMID: 30110842 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.012132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate quantum corrections to the classical work characteristic function (CF) as a semiclassical approximation to the full quantum work CF. In addition to explicitly establishing the quantum-classical correspondence of the Feynman-Kac formula, we find that these quantum corrections must be in even powers of ℏ. Exact formulas of the lowest corrections (ℏ^{2}) are proposed, and their physical origins are clarified. We calculate the work CFs for a forced harmonic oscillator and a forced quartic oscillator respectively to illustrate our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Fei
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H T Quan
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Naghiloo M, Alonso JJ, Romito A, Lutz E, Murch KW. Information Gain and Loss for a Quantum Maxwell's Demon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:030604. [PMID: 30085766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We use continuous weak measurements of a driven superconducting qubit to experimentally study the information dynamics of a quantum Maxwell's demon. We show how information gained by a demon who can track single quantum trajectories of the qubit can be converted into work using quantum coherent feedback. We verify the validity of a quantum fluctuation theorem with feedback by utilizing information obtained along single trajectories. We demonstrate, in particular, that quantum backaction can lead to a loss of information in imperfect measurements. We furthermore probe the transition between information gain and loss by varying the initial purity of the qubit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Naghiloo
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J J Alonso
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Romito
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - E Lutz
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan LL, Xiong TP, Rehan K, Zhou F, Liang DF, Chen L, Zhang JQ, Yang WL, Ma ZH, Feng M. Single-Atom Demonstration of the Quantum Landauer Principle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:210601. [PMID: 29883174 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the outstanding challenges to information processing is the eloquent suppression of energy consumption in the execution of logic operations. The Landauer principle sets an energy constraint in deletion of a classical bit of information. Although some attempts have been made to experimentally approach the fundamental limit restricted by this principle, exploring the Landauer principle in a purely quantum mechanical fashion is still an open question. Employing a trapped ultracold ion, we experimentally demonstrate a quantum version of the Landauer principle, i.e., an equality associated with the energy cost of information erasure in conjunction with the entropy change of the associated quantized environment. Our experimental investigation substantiates an intimate link between information thermodynamics and quantum candidate systems for information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - T P Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Rehan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - D F Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - W L Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Z H Ma
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|