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Finger F, Rosa-Medina R, Reiter N, Christodoulou P, Donner T, Esslinger T. Spin- and Momentum-Correlated Atom Pairs Mediated by Photon Exchange and Seeded by Vacuum Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:093402. [PMID: 38489609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.093402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Engineering pairs of massive particles that are simultaneously correlated in their external and internal degrees of freedom is a major challenge, yet essential for advancing fundamental tests of physics and quantum technologies. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a mechanism for generating pairs of atoms in well-defined spin and momentum modes. This mechanism couples atoms from a degenerate Bose gas via a superradiant photon-exchange process in an optical cavity, producing pairs via a single channel or two discernible channels. The scheme is independent of collisional interactions, fast, and tunable. We observe a collectively enhanced production of pairs and probe interspin correlations in momentum space. We characterize the emergent pair statistics and find that the observed dynamics is consistent with being primarily seeded by vacuum fluctuations in the corresponding atomic modes. Together with our observations of coherent many-body oscillations involving well-defined momentum modes, our results offer promising prospects for quantum-enhanced interferometry and quantum simulation experiments using entangled matter waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Finger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Rosa-Medina
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Reiter
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Donner
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Esslinger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics and Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Anders F, Idel A, Feldmann P, Bondarenko D, Loriani S, Lange K, Peise J, Gersemann M, Meyer-Hoppe B, Abend S, Gaaloul N, Schubert C, Schlippert D, Santos L, Rasel E, Klempt C. Momentum Entanglement for Atom Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:140402. [PMID: 34652182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared to light interferometers, the flux in cold-atom interferometers is low and the associated shot noise is large. Sensitivities beyond these limitations require the preparation of entangled atoms in different momentum modes. Here, we demonstrate a source of entangled atoms that is compatible with state-of-the-art interferometers. Entanglement is transferred from the spin degree of freedom of a Bose-Einstein condensate to well-separated momentum modes, witnessed by a squeezing parameter of -3.1(8) dB. Entanglement-enhanced atom interferometers promise unprecedented sensitivities for quantum gradiometers or gravitational wave detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anders
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Idel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Feldmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bondarenko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Loriani
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Lange
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Peise
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gersemann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Meyer-Hoppe
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, c/o Leibniz, Universität Hannover, DLR-SI, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Schlippert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Santos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Klempt
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Institut für Satellitengeodäsie und Inertialsensorik, c/o Leibniz, Universität Hannover, DLR-SI, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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3
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Pietkiewicz J, Danielewicz R, Wandzel C, Beznosiuk J, Szuba A, Samsel-Czekała M, Gamian A. Influence of Water Polarization Caused by Phonon Resonance on Catalytic Activity of Enolase. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4255-4261. [PMID: 33644547 PMCID: PMC7906585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enolase is a conservative protein. Its cellular enzymatic activity catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-d-glycerate (2-PGA) to a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) product in the glycolysis pathway. This enzyme also has a multifunctional nature participating in several biological processes. This work aims to determine the effect of water polarization on the catalytic activity of enolase. The experiments have been set based on the concept that water, a polar dielectric, may undergo the phenomenon of electric polarization, decreasing its configurational and vibrational entropy. Prior to the reaction, the 2-PGA substrate was incubated for 5 h in the glass cuvette with an attached chip-inductor. The latter device was designed to transfer quantum information about a given quantum state from the quantum state generator to water by a phonon resonance. Then, such substrate samples preincubated with the chip-inductor were removed every hour in a separate quartz cuvette with the enzyme to determine its catalytic activity. The influence of the chip-inductor on the preincubated substrate resulted in an increase in the catalytic activity of enolase by 30% compared to the control substrate, not preincubated with the chip-inductor. This suggests that the catalytic activity of the enzyme is augmented when the substrate was primed by chip-inductors. In another kind of experiment, wherein enolase was exposed to methylglyoxal modification, the catalytic activity of the enzyme dropped to 71.7%, while the same enzyme glycated with methylglyoxal primed by chip-inductors restored its activity by 8.4%. This shows the protective effect of chip-inductors on enolase activity despite the harmful effect of methylglyoxal on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Pietkiewicz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Regina Danielewicz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Czesław Wandzel
- Metanel
Group Spółka Akcyjna, Nad Bialką 2A, 43-503 Czechowice-Dziedzice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Beznosiuk
- Metanel
Group Spółka Akcyjna, Nad Bialką 2A, 43-503 Czechowice-Dziedzice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department
of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Samsel-Czekała
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department
of Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Hirszfeld
Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Bell correlations between spatially separated pairs of atoms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4447. [PMID: 31575860 PMCID: PMC6773866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bell correlations are a foundational demonstration of how quantum entanglement contradicts the classical notion of local realism. Rigorous validation of quantum nonlocality have only been achieved between solid-state electron spins, internal states of trapped atoms, and photon polarisations, all weakly coupling to gravity. Bell tests with freely propagating massive particles, which could provide insights into the link between gravity and quantum mechanics, have proven to be much more challenging to realise. Here we use a collision between two Bose-Einstein condensates to generate spin entangled pairs of ultracold helium atoms, and measure their spin correlations along uniformly rotated bases. We show that correlations in the pairs agree with the theoretical prediction of a Bell triplet state, and observe a quantum mechanical witness of Bell correlations with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$6\sigma$$\end{document}6σ significance. Extensions to this scheme could find promising applications in quantum metrology, as well as for investigating the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity. Entangled particles some distance apart can be used to show the strikingly nonlocal nature of quantum mechanics. Here the authors generate spatially separated pairs of helium atoms by colliding Bose-Einstein condensates and show that they are entangled by observing nonlocal correlations.
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Ng KL, Opanchuk B, Reid MD, Drummond PD. Nonlocal Pair Correlations in a Higher-Order Bose Gas Soliton. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203604. [PMID: 31172753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The truncated Wigner and positive-P phase-space representations are used to study the dynamics of a one-dimensional Bose gas. This allows calculations of the breathing quantum dynamics of higher-order solitons with 10^{3}-10^{5} particles, as in realistic Bose-Einstein condensation experiments. Although classically stable, these decay quantum mechanically. Our calculations show that there are large nonlocal correlations and nonclassical quantum entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Lun Ng
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
| | - Bogdan Opanchuk
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
| | - Margaret D Reid
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia and Institute of Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Peter D Drummond
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia and Institute of Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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6
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Zhen YZ, Xu XY, Li L, Liu NL, Chen K. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering and Its Certification. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21040422. [PMID: 33267136 PMCID: PMC7514909 DOI: 10.3390/e21040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a subtle intermediate correlation between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. It not only theoretically completes the whole picture of non-local effects but also practically inspires novel quantum protocols in specific scenarios. However, a verification of EPR steering is still challenging due to difficulties in bounding unsteerable correlations. In this survey, the basic framework to study the bipartite EPR steering is discussed, and general techniques to certify EPR steering correlations are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zheng Zhen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (N.-L.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (N.-L.L.); (K.C.)
| | - Kai Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (N.-L.L.); (K.C.)
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