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Kim AJ, Lenk K, Li J, Werner P, Eckstein M. Vertex-Based Diagrammatic Treatment of Light-Matter-Coupled Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:036901. [PMID: 36763380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.036901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach for quantum impurity models, which can be regarded as a generalization of the strong-coupling expansion for fermionic impurity models. The algorithm is based on a self-consistently computed three-point vertex and a stochastically sampled four-point vertex, and it allows one to obtain numerically exact results in a wide parameter regime. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with applications to a spin-boson model representing an emitter in a waveguide. As a function of the coupling strength, the spin exhibits a delocalization-localization crossover at low temperatures, signaling a qualitative change in the real-time relaxation. In certain parameter regimes, the response functions of the emitter coupled to the electromagnetic continuum can be described by an effective Rabi model with appropriately defined parameters. We also discuss the spatial distribution of the photon density around the emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaram J Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Katharina Lenk
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Condensed Matter Theory, 5352 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Zhang YX, I Carceller CR, Kjaergaard M, Sørensen AS. Charge-Noise Insensitive Chiral Photonic Interface for Waveguide Circuit QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:233601. [PMID: 34936790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chiral photonic interface is a quantum system that has different probabilities for emitting photons to the left and right. An on-chip compatible chiral interface is attractive for both fundamental studies of light-matter interactions and applications to quantum information processing. We propose such a chiral interface based on superconducting circuits, which has wide bandwidth, rich tunability, and high tolerance to fabrication variations. The proposed interface consists of a core that uses Cooper-pair boxes (CPBs) to break time-reversal symmetry, and two superconducting transmons that connect the core to a waveguide in the manner reminiscent of a "giant atom." The transmons form a state decoupled from the core, akin to dark states of atomic physics, rendering the whole interface insensitive to the CPB charge noise. The proposed interface can be extended to realize a broadband fully passive on-chip circulator for microwave photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Carles R I Carceller
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Kjaergaard
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders S Sørensen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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3
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Casulleras S, Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Maurer P, García-Ripoll JJ, Romero-Isart O. Remote Individual Addressing of Quantum Emitters with Chirped Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:103602. [PMID: 33784159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose to use chirped pulses propagating near a band gap to remotely address quantum emitters. We introduce a particular family of chirped pulses that dynamically self-compress to subwavelength spot sizes during their evolution in a medium with a quadratic dispersion relation. We analytically describe how the compression distance and width of the pulse can be tuned through its initial parameters. We show that the interaction of such pulses with a quantum emitter is highly sensitive to its position due to effective Landau-Zener processes induced by the pulse chirping. Our results propose pulse engineering as a powerful control and probing tool in the field of quantum emitters coupled to structured reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casulleras
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Gonzalez-Ballestero
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Maurer
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J J García-Ripoll
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - O Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Vinogradov AP, Shishkov VY, Doronin IV, Andrianov ES, Pukhov AA, Lisyansky AA. Quantum theory of Rayleigh scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2501-2520. [PMID: 33726444 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a quantum description of Rayleigh light scattering on atoms. We show that an entangled state of the excited atom and the incident photon is formed during the scattering. Due to entanglement, a photon is never completely absorbed by the atom. The formation of the scattering spectrum is considered as a relaxation of incident photons to the reservoir of free space modes that are in thermal equilibrium. Additional excitations of the reservoir modes occurring during scattering are treated as scattered light. We show that even if the frequency of incident photons is incommensurate with an atomic transition frequency, the scattered light spectrum has a maximum at the frequency of incident photons. In addition, the linewidth of the scattered light is much smaller than that of the spontaneous emission of a single atom. Therefore, the process can be considered as elastic.
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5
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Le Jeannic H, Ramos T, Simonsen SF, Pregnolato T, Liu Z, Schott R, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Rotenberg N, García-Ripoll JJ, Lodahl P. Experimental Reconstruction of the Few-Photon Nonlinear Scattering Matrix from a Single Quantum Dot in a Nanophotonic Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023603. [PMID: 33512234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent photon-emitter interfaces offer a way to mediate efficient nonlinear photon-photon interactions, much needed for quantum information processing. Here we experimentally study the case of a two-level emitter, a quantum dot, coupled to a single optical mode in a nanophotonic waveguide. We carry out few-photon transport experiments and record the statistics of the light to reconstruct the scattering matrix elements of one- and two-photon components. This provides direct insight to the complex nonlinear photon interaction that contains rich many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Le Jeannic
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomás Ramos
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
- DAiTALab, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Signe F Simonsen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommaso Pregnolato
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhe Liu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Felicetti S, Le Boité A. Universal Spectral Features of Ultrastrongly Coupled Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:040404. [PMID: 32058793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We identify universal properties of the low-energy subspace of a wide class of quantum optical models in the ultrastrong coupling limit, where the coupling strength dominates over all other energy scales in the system. We show that the symmetry of the light-matter interaction is at the origin of a twofold degeneracy in the spectrum. We prove analytically this result for bounded Hamiltonians and extend it to a class of models with unbounded operators. As a consequence, we show that the emergence of superradiant phases previously investigated in the context of critical phenomena, is a general property of the ultrastrong coupling limit. The set of models we consider encompasses different scenarios of possible interplay between critical behavior and superradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Felicetti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-39049, Spain
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Le Boité
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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7
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Mahmoodian S. Chiral Light-Matter Interaction beyond the Rotating-Wave Approximation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:133603. [PMID: 31697533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
I introduce and analyze chiral light-matter interaction in the ultrastrong coupling limit where the rotating-wave approximation cannot be made. Within this limit, a two-level system with a circularly polarized transition dipole interacts with a copolarized mode through rotating-wave terms. However, the counterrotating terms allow the two-level system to couple to a counterpolarized mode with the same coupling strength, i.e., one that is completely decoupled within the rotating-wave approximation. Although such a Hamiltonian is not particle number conserving, the conservation of angular momentum generates a U(1) symmetry which allows constructing an ansatz. The eigenstates and dynamics of this novel model are computed for single-cavity interactions and for a many-mode system. The form of the ansatz provides significant analytic insight into the physics of the ground state and the dynamics; e.g., it indicates that the ground states are two-mode squeezed. This work has significant implications for engineering light-matter interaction and novel quantum many-body dynamics beyond the rotating-wave approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Mahmoodian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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8
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Sánchez-Burillo E, Martín-Moreno L, García-Ripoll JJ, Zueco D. Single Photons by Quenching the Vacuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:013601. [PMID: 31386390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies that the quantum vacuum is not empty but fluctuates. These fluctuations can be converted into radiation through nonadiabatic changes in the Hamiltonian. Here, we discuss how to control this vacuum radiation, engineering a single-photon emitter out of a two-level system (2LS) ultrastrongly coupled to a finite-band waveguide in a vacuum state. More precisely, we show the 2LS nonlinearity shapes the vacuum radiation into a non-Gaussian superposition of even and odd cat states. When the 2LS bare frequency lays within the band gaps, this emission can be well approximated by individual photons. This picture is confirmed by a characterization of the ground and bound states, and a study of the dynamics with matrix-product states and polaron Hamiltonian methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Martín-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J García-Ripoll
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid E-28006
| | - D Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Paseo María Agustín 36, E-50004 Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Magazzù L, Forn-Díaz P, Belyansky R, Orgiazzi JL, Yurtalan MA, Otto MR, Lupascu A, Wilson CM, Grifoni M. Probing the strongly driven spin-boson model in a superconducting quantum circuit. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1403. [PMID: 29643365 PMCID: PMC5895759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum two-level systems interacting with the surroundings are ubiquitous in nature. The interaction suppresses quantum coherence and forces the system towards a steady state. Such dissipative processes are captured by the paradigmatic spin-boson model, describing a two-state particle, the “spin”, interacting with an environment formed by harmonic oscillators. A fundamental question to date is to what extent intense coherent driving impacts a strongly dissipative system. Here we investigate experimentally and theoretically a superconducting qubit strongly coupled to an electromagnetic environment and subjected to a coherent drive. This setup realizes the driven Ohmic spin-boson model. We show that the drive reinforces environmental suppression of quantum coherence, and that a coherent-to-incoherent transition can be achieved by tuning the drive amplitude. An out-of-equilibrium detailed balance relation is demonstrated. These results advance fundamental understanding of open quantum systems and bear potential for the design of entangled light-matter states. Two-level systems interacting with a bosonic environment appear everywhere in physics. Here, the authors use a superconducting device to study this spin-boson model in the presence of coherent driving, showing that the drive enhances dissipation into the environment and can localize or delocalize the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Magazzù
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86135, Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Forn-Díaz
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), C/Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Belyansky
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J-L Orgiazzi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M A Yurtalan
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M R Otto
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - A Lupascu
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - C M Wilson
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - M Grifoni
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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