1
|
Kranabetter L, Kristensen HH, Ghazaryan A, Schouder CA, Chatterley AS, Janssen P, Jensen F, Zillich RE, Lemeshko M, Stapelfeldt H. Nonadiabatic Laser-Induced Alignment Dynamics of Molecules on a Surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:053201. [PMID: 37595218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a sodium dimer, Na_{2}(1^{3}Σ_{u}^{+}), residing on the surface of a helium nanodroplet, can be set into rotation by a nonresonant 1.0 ps infrared laser pulse. The time-dependent degree of alignment measured, exhibits a periodic, gradually decreasing structure that deviates qualitatively from that expected for gas-phase dimers. Comparison to alignment dynamics calculated from the time-dependent rotational Schrödinger equation shows that the deviation is due to the alignment dependent interaction between the dimer and the droplet surface. This interaction confines the dimer to the tangential plane of the droplet surface at the point where it resides and is the reason that the observed alignment dynamics is also well described by a 2D quantum rotor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kranabetter
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Kristensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Areg Ghazaryan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Constant A Schouder
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paul Janssen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert E Zillich
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiang J, Zhou L, Lu P, Lin K, Ma Y, Pan S, Lu C, Jiang W, Sun F, Zhang W, Li H, Gong X, Averbukh IS, Prior Y, Schouder CA, Stapelfeldt H, Cherepanov IN, Lemeshko M, Jäger W, Wu J. Femtosecond Rotational Dynamics of D_{2} Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:243201. [PMID: 35776471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.243201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rotational dynamics of D_{2} molecules inside helium nanodroplets is induced by a moderately intense femtosecond pump pulse and measured as a function of time by recording the yield of HeD^{+} ions, created through strong-field dissociative ionization with a delayed femtosecond probe pulse. The yield oscillates with a period of 185 fs, reflecting field-free rotational wave packet dynamics, and the oscillation persists for more than 500 periods. Within the experimental uncertainty, the rotational constant B_{He} of the in-droplet D_{2} molecule, determined by Fourier analysis, is the same as B_{gas} for an isolated D_{2} molecule. Our observations show that the D_{2} molecules inside helium nanodroplets essentially rotate as free D_{2} molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yongzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiam Prior
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Constant A Schouder
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Igor N Cherepanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Nakamura K, Fukahori S, Hasegawa H. Rotational dynamics and transitions between Λ-type doubling of NO induced by an intense two-color laser field. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174308. [PMID: 34742217 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We numerically investigate the rotational dynamics of NO in the electronic ground X2Π state induced by an intense two-color laser field (10 TW/cm2) as a function of pulse duration (0.3-25 ps). In the short pulse duration of less than 12 ps, rotational Raman excitation is effectively induced and results in molecular orientation. On the contrary, when the pulse duration is longer than 15 ps, the rotational excitation is suppressed. In addition to the rotational excitation, we find that transitions between Λ-type doubling are induced. Significantly, the maximum coherent wave packet between Λ-type doubling in J = 0.5 is generated using the pulse duration of 19.8 ps. The wave packet changes to the eigenstates of Λ = +1 or -1 alternatively, where Λ is the projection of the electronic orbital angular momentum on the N-O axis, which is regarded as the unidirectional rotation of an unpaired 2π electron around the N-O axis in a space-fixed frame as well as in a molecule-fixed frame. The experimental method to observe the alternation of the rotational direction of the electron around the N-O axis is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakamura
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukahori
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng Z, Tutunnikov I, Averbukh IS, Thachuk M, Krems RV. Bayesian optimization for inverse problems in time-dependent quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - I. Tutunnikov
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I. Sh. Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M. Thachuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R. V. Krems
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatterley AS, Christiansen L, Schouder CA, Jørgensen AV, Shepperson B, Cherepanov IN, Bighin G, Zillich RE, Lemeshko M, Stapelfeldt H. Rotational Coherence Spectroscopy of Molecules in Helium Nanodroplets: Reconciling the Time and the Frequency Domains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:013001. [PMID: 32678640 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alignment of OCS, CS_{2}, and I_{2} molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets is measured as a function of time following rotational excitation by a nonresonant, comparatively weak ps laser pulse. The distinct peaks in the power spectra, obtained by Fourier analysis, are used to determine the rotational, B, and centrifugal distortion, D, constants. For OCS, B and D match the values known from IR spectroscopy. For CS_{2} and I_{2}, they are the first experimental results reported. The alignment dynamics calculated from the gas-phase rotational Schrödinger equation, using the experimental in-droplet B and D values, agree in detail with the measurement for all three molecules. The rotational spectroscopy technique for molecules in helium droplets introduced here should apply to a range of molecules and complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Constant A Schouder
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders V Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Shepperson
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Igor N Cherepanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Giacomo Bighin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robert E Zillich
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thesing LV, Yachmenev A, González-Férez R, Küpper J. The Effect of Nuclear-Quadrupole Coupling in the Laser-Induced Alignment of Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2225-2230. [PMID: 32077290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the time-dependent laser alignment of molecules taking into account the hyperfine coupling due to nuclear-quadrupole interactions. The coupling of nuclear spins to the overall angular momentum of molecules significantly influences their rotational dynamics. Here, we systematically analyze the impact of the nuclear-quadrupole coupling on the rotational dynamics of the linear and the asymmetric-top diiodobenzene molecule induced by external laser fields. We explore different regimes of pulse shapes and laser-pulse intensities and detail under which conditions the quadrupole coupling cannot be neglected in the description of the laser alignment of molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda V Thesing
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosario González-Férez
- Instituto Carlos I de Fı́sica Teórica y Computacional and Departamento de Fı́sica Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shu CC, Guo Y, Yuan KJ, Dong D, Bandrauk AD. Attosecond all-optical control and visualization of quantum interference between degenerate magnetic states by circularly polarized pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:960-963. [PMID: 32058517 DOI: 10.1364/ol.386879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling coherence and interference of quantum states is one of the central goals in quantum science. Different from energetically discrete quantum states, however, it remains a demanding task to visualize coherent properties of degenerate states (e.g., magnetic sublevels). It becomes further inaccessible in the absence of an external perturbation (e.g., Zeeman effect). Here, we present a theoretical analysis of all-optical control of degenerate magnetic states in the molecular hydrogen ion, $ {\rm H}_2^ + $H2+, by using two time-delayed co- and counterrotating circularly polarized attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses. We perform accurate simulations to examine this model by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. A counterintuitive phenomenon of quantum interference between degenerate magnetic sublevels appears in the time-dependent electronic probability density, which is observable by using x-ray-induced transient angular and energy-resolved photoelectron spectra. This work provides an insight into quantum interference of electron dynamics inside molecules at the quantum degeneracy level.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chatterley AS, Baatrup MO, Schouder CA, Stapelfeldt H. Laser-induced alignment dynamics of gas phase CS 2 dimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3245-3253. [PMID: 31995073 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rotational dynamics of gas phase carbon disulfide (CS2) dimers were induced by a moderately intense, circularly polarized alignment laser pulse and measured as a function of time by Coulomb explosion imaging with an intense fs probe pulse. For the alignment pulse, two different temporal intensity profiles were used: a truncated pulse with a 150 ps turn-on and a 8 ps turn-off, or a 'kick' pulse with a duration of 1.3 ps. For both types of pulse, rich rotational dynamics with characteristic full and fractional revivals were recorded, showing that the intermolecular carbon-carbon axis periodically aligns along the propagation direction of the laser pulses. The truncated pulse gave the strongest alignment, which we rationalize as being due to a flat relative phase between the components in the rotational wave packet generated. Fourier analysis of the alignment dynamics gave well-spaced peaks which were fit to determine the rotational constant, B, and the centrifugal constant, DJ, for the ground state of the dimer. Our results agree with values from high-resolution IR spectroscopy. Numerical simulations of the alignment accurately reproduced the experimental dynamics when the truncated pulse or a low intensity kick pulse was used, but failed to reproduce the dynamics induced by a high intensity kick pulse. We posit that the discrepancy is due to excitation of the intermolecular torsional motion by the kick pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia O Baatrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Constant A Schouder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|