1
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Fechner M, Först M, Orenstein G, Krapivin V, Disa AS, Buzzi M, von Hoegen A, de la Pena G, Nguyen QL, Mankowsky R, Sander M, Lemke H, Deng Y, Trigo M, Cavalleri A. Quenched lattice fluctuations in optically driven SrTiO 3. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:363-368. [PMID: 38302742 PMCID: PMC10917662 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Crystal lattice fluctuations, which are known to influence phase transitions of quantum materials in equilibrium, are also expected to determine the dynamics of light-induced phase changes. However, they have only rarely been explored in these dynamical settings. Here we study the time evolution of lattice fluctuations in the quantum paraelectric SrTiO3, in which mid-infrared drives have been shown to induce a metastable ferroelectric state. Crucial in these physics is the competition between polar instabilities and antiferrodistortive rotations, which in equilibrium frustrate the formation of long-range ferroelectricity. We make use of high-intensity mid-infrared optical pulses to resonantly drive the Ti-O-stretching mode at 17 THz, and we measure the resulting change in lattice fluctuations using time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering at a free-electron laser. After a prompt increase, we observe a long-lived quench in R-point antiferrodistortive lattice fluctuations. Their enhancement and reduction are theoretically explained by considering the fourth-order nonlinear phononic interactions to the driven optical phonon and third-order coupling to lattice strain, respectively. These observations provide a number of testable hypotheses for the physics of light-induced ferroelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fechner
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M Först
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G Orenstein
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - V Krapivin
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A S Disa
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A von Hoegen
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G de la Pena
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Q L Nguyen
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - R Mankowsky
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Sander
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - H Lemke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Y Deng
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Trigo
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Deciphering the atomic-scale structural origin for large dynamic electromechanical response in lead-free Bi 0.5Na 0.5TiO 3-based relaxor ferroelectrics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6333. [PMID: 36284109 PMCID: PMC9596697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary electromechanical properties of relaxor ferroelectrics, correlating their properties to underlying atomic-scale structures remains a decisive challenge for these "mess" systems. Here, taking the lead-free relaxor ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based system as an example, we decipher the atomic-scale structure and its relationship to the polar structure evolution and large dynamic electromechanical response, using the direct atomic-scale point-by-point correlation analysis. With judicious chemical modification, we demonstrate the increased defect concentration is the main driving force for deviating polarizations with high-angle walls, leading to the increased random field. Meanwhile, the main driving force for deviating polarizations with low-angle walls changes from the anti-phase oxygen octahedral tilting to the multidirectional A-O displacement, leading to the decreased anisotropy field. Benefiting from the competitive and synergetic equilibrium of anisotropic field versus random field, the facilitated polarization rotation and extension versus facilitated domain switching are identified to be responsible for the giant electromechanical response. These observations lay a foundation for understanding the "composition-structure-property" relationships in relaxor ferroelectric systems, guiding the design of functional materials for electromechanical applications.
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3
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Zhu J, Pan J, Li Y, Yang J, Ye B. Enzyme-nanozyme cascade colorimetric sensor platform: a sensitive method for detecting human serum creatinine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6271-6280. [PMID: 35831533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Creatinine, as a significant biomarker for kidney, thyroid, and muscle dysfunction-related diseases, detection is of great important meaning. In this paper, an enzyme-nanozyme cascade sensing platform was developed for visual creatinine detection. Perovskite oxide BiFeO3 synthesized by a sol-gel method was applied as a nanozyme, showing excellent peroxidase-like activity. During detection, creatinine was oxidized in turn by three natural enzymes (creatinase, creatininase, and sarcosine oxidase) to produce H2O2, and H2O2 was then catalyzed by the BiFeO3 nanozyme, resulting in the change of achromatous 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB). Based on this principle, visual quantification of creatinine was realized. Due to the high stability and catalytic efficiency of nanozyme, the cascade sensing platform can be used to detect creatinine in a broad range of 0.5-150 μM with a detection limit of 0.09 μM. Meanwhile, thanks to the specificity of the natural enzymes, the platform exhibited admirable selectivity for creatinine determination despite the existence of a variety of interfering substances, which were successfully adopted to measure the level of creatinine in human serums. The cascade sensing platform is expected to serve the determination of a large number of biomarkers by simply alternating the natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- College of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bangce Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China. .,Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Deterministic control of ferroelectric polarization by ultrafast laser pulses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2566. [PMID: 35538101 PMCID: PMC9090784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast light-matter interactions present a promising route to control ferroelectric polarization at room temperature, which is an exciting idea for designing novel ferroelectric-based devices. One emergent light-induced technique for controlling polarization consists in anharmonically driving a high-frequency phonon mode through its coupling to the polarization. A step towards such control has been recently accomplished, but the polarization has been reported to be only partially reversed and for a short lapse of time. Such transient partial reversal is not currently understood, and it is presently unclear if full control of polarization, by, e.g., fully reversing it or even making it adopt different directions (thus inducing structural phase transitions), can be achieved by activating the high-frequency phonon mode via terahertz pulse stimuli. Here, by means of realistic simulations of a prototypical ferroelectric, we reveal and explain (1) why a transient partial reversal has been observed, and (2) how to deterministically control the ferroelectric polarization thanks to these stimuli. Such results can provide guidance for realizing original ultrafast optoferroic devices.
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Wei XK, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Mayer J. Structural Phase Transition and In-Situ Energy Storage Pathway in Nonpolar Materials: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247854. [PMID: 34947446 PMCID: PMC8707040 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benefitting from exceptional energy storage performance, dielectric-based capacitors are playing increasingly important roles in advanced electronics and high-power electrical systems. Nevertheless, a series of unresolved structural puzzles represent obstacles to further improving the energy storage performance. Compared with ferroelectrics and linear dielectrics, antiferroelectric materials have unique advantages in unlocking these puzzles due to the inherent coupling of structural transitions with the energy storage process. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies about in-situ structural phase transitions in PbZrO3-based and NaNbO3-based systems. In the context of the ultrahigh energy storage density of SrTiO3-based capacitors, we highlight the necessity of extending the concept of antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric (AFE-to-FE) transition to broader antiferrodistortive-to-ferrodistortive (AFD-to-FD) transition for materials that are simultaneously ferroelastic. Combining discussion of the factors driving ferroelectricity, electric-field-driven metal-to-insulator transition in a (La1−xSrx)MnO3 electrode is emphasized to determine the role of ionic migration in improving the storage performance. We believe that this review, aiming at depicting a clearer structure–property relationship, will be of benefit for researchers who wish to carry out cutting-edge structure and energy storage exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kui Wei
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.E.D.-B.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.E.D.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.E.D.-B.); (J.M.)
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Xia C, Chen Y, Chen H. Pressure-induced metal-insulator transition in oxygen-deficient LiNbO 3-type ferroelectrics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:025501. [PMID: 34624871 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure and oxygen vacancies usually have deleterious effects on ferroelectric materials because both tend to reduce their polarization. In this work we use first-principles calculations to study an important class of ferroelectric materials-LiNbO3-type ferroelectrics (LiNbO3as the prototype), and find that in oxygen-deficient LiNbO3-δ, hydrostatic pressure induces an unexpected metal-insulator transition between 8 and 9 GPa. Our calculations also find that strong polar displacements persist in both metallic and insulating oxygen-deficient LiNbO3-δand the size of polar displacements is comparable to pristine LiNbO3under the same pressure. These properties are distinct from widely used perovskite ferroelectric oxide BaTiO3, whose polarization is quickly suppressed by hydrostatic pressure and/or oxygen vacancies. The anomalous pressure-driven metal-insulator transition in oxygen-deficient LiNbO3-δarises from the change of an oxygen vacancy defect state. Hydrostatic pressure increases the polar displacements of oxygen-deficient LiNbO3-δ, which reduces the band width of the defect state and eventually turns it into an in-gap state. In the insulating phase, the in-gap state is further pushed away from the conduction band edge under hydrostatic pressure, which increases the fundamental gap. Our work shows that for LiNbO3-type strong ferroelectrics, oxygen vacancies and hydrostatic pressure combined can lead to new phenomena and potential functions, in contrast to the harmful effects occurring to perovskite ferroelectric oxides such as BaTiO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghui Chen
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York 10003, United States of America
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7
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Sun Y, Niu G, Ren W, Meng X, Zhao J, Luo W, Ye ZG, Xie YH. Hybrid System Combining Two-Dimensional Materials and Ferroelectrics and Its Application in Photodetection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10982-11013. [PMID: 34184877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors are one of the most important components for a future "Internet-of-Things" information society. Compared to the mainstream semiconductor-based photodetectors, emerging devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials and ferroelectrics as well as their hybrid systems have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their outstanding performances and related interesting physical, electrical, and optoelectronic phenomena. In this paper, we review the photodetection based on 2D materials and ferroelectric hybrid systems. The fundamentals of 2D and ferroelectric materials as well as the interaction in the hybrid system will be introduced. Ferroelectricity modulated optoelectronic properties in the hybrid system will be discussed in detail. After the basics and figures of merit of photodetectors are summarized, the 2D-ferroelectrics devices with different structures including p-n diodes, Schottky diodes, and field-effect transistors will be reviewed and compared. The polarization of ferroelectrics offers the possibility of the modulation and enhancement of the photodetection in the hybrid detectors, which will be discussed in depth. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the photodetectors based on 2D ferroelectrics will be proposed. This Review outlines the important aspects of the recent development of the hybrid system of 2D and ferroelectric materials, which could interact with each other and thus lead to photodetectors with higher performances. Such a Review will be helpful for the research of emerging physical phenomena and for the design of multifunctional nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Sun
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Niu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Department of Chemistry and 4D Laboratories, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90024, California, United States
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8
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Zhou Z, Chu D, Cazorla C. Ab initio description of oxygen vacancies in epitaxially strained [Formula: see text] at finite temperatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11499. [PMID: 34075166 PMCID: PMC8169953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitaxially grown [Formula: see text] (STO) thin films are material enablers for a number of critical energy-conversion and information-storage technologies like electrochemical electrode coatings, solid oxide fuel cells and random access memories. Oxygen vacancies ([Formula: see text]), on the other hand, are key defects to understand and tailor many of the unique functionalities realized in oxide perovskite thin films. Here, we present a comprehensive and technically sound ab initio description of [Formula: see text] in epitaxially strained (001) STO thin films. The novelty of our first-principles study lies in the incorporation of lattice thermal excitations on the formation energy and diffusion properties of [Formula: see text] over wide epitaxial strain conditions ([Formula: see text]%). We found that thermal lattice excitations are necessary to obtain a satisfactory agreement between first-principles calculations and the available experimental data for the formation energy of [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, it is shown that thermal lattice excitations noticeably affect the energy barriers for oxygen ion diffusion, which strongly depend on [Formula: see text] and are significantly reduced (increased) under tensile (compressive) strain. The present work demonstrates that for a realistic theoretical description of oxygen vacancies in STO thin films is necessary to consider lattice thermal excitations, thus going beyond standard zero-temperature ab initio approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Min T, Choi W, Seo J, Han G, Song K, Ryu S, Lee H, Lee J, Eom K, Eom CB, Jeong HY, Kim YM, Lee J, Oh SH. Cooperative evolution of polar distortion and nonpolar rotation of oxygen octahedra in oxide heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/17/eabe9053. [PMID: 33883134 PMCID: PMC8059930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polarity discontinuity across LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructures induces electronic reconstruction involving the formation of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and structural distortions characterized by antiferrodistortive (AFD) rotation and ferroelectric (FE) distortion. We show that AFD and FE modes are cooperatively coupled in LAO/STO (111) heterostructures; they coexist below the critical thickness (t c) and disappear simultaneously above t c with the formation of 2DEG. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide direct evidence of oxygen vacancy (V O) formation at the LAO (111) surface, which acts as the source of 2DEG. Tracing the AFD rotation and FE distortion of LAO reveals that their evolution is strongly correlated with V O distribution. The present study demonstrates that AFD and FE modes in oxide heterostructures emerge as a consequence of interplay between misfit strain and polar field, and further that their combination can be tuned to competitive or cooperative coupling by changing the interface orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Min
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseon Choi
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Seo
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtak Han
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Materials Testing and Reliability Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kitae Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chang-Beom Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Ghosez P. Unraveling the Suppression of Oxygen Octahedra Rotations in A_{3}B_{2}O_{7} Ruddlesden-Popper Compounds: Engineering Multiferroicity and Beyond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:157601. [PMID: 33095620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.157601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The competition between polar distortions and BO_{6} octahedra rotations is well known to be critical in explaining the ground state of various ABO_{3} perovskites. Here, we show from first-principles calculations that a similar competition between interlayer rumpling and rotations is playing a key role in layered Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites. This competition explains the suppression of oxygen octahedra rotations and hybrid improper ferroelectricity in A_{3}B_{2}O_{7} compounds with rare-earth ions in the rocksalt layer and also appears relevant to other phenomena like negative thermal expansion and the dimensionality determined band gap in RP systems. Moreover, we highlight that RP perovskites offer more flexibility than ABO_{3} perovskites in controlling such a competition and four distinct strategies are proposed to tune it. These strategies are shown to be promising for designing new multiferroics. They are generic and might also be exploited for tuning negative thermal expansion and band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- Theoretical Materials Physics, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Philippe Ghosez
- Theoretical Materials Physics, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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11
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Kim JR, Jang J, Go KJ, Park SY, Roh CJ, Bonini J, Kim J, Lee HG, Rabe KM, Lee JS, Choi SY, Noh TW, Lee D. Stabilizing hidden room-temperature ferroelectricity via a metastable atomic distortion pattern. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4944. [PMID: 33009380 PMCID: PMC7532175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonequilibrium atomic structures can host exotic and technologically relevant properties in otherwise conventional materials. Oxygen octahedral rotation forms a fundamental atomic distortion in perovskite oxides, but only a few patterns are predominantly present at equilibrium. This has restricted the range of possible properties and functions of perovskite oxides, necessitating the utilization of nonequilibrium patterns of octahedral rotation. Here, we report that a designed metastable pattern of octahedral rotation leads to robust room-temperature ferroelectricity in CaTiO3, which is otherwise nonpolar down to 0 K. Guided by density-functional theory, we selectively stabilize the metastable pattern, distinct from the equilibrium pattern and cooperative with ferroelectricity, in heteroepitaxial films of CaTiO3. Atomic-scale imaging combined with deep neural network analysis confirms a close correlation between the metastable pattern and ferroelectricity. This work reveals a hidden but functional pattern of oxygen octahedral rotation and opens avenues for designing multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Rae Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kyoung-June Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Se Young Park
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 07027, Korea.
| | - Chang Jae Roh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - John Bonini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Han Gyeol Lee
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Karin M Rabe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
| | - Tae Won Noh
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Daesu Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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12
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Yun S, Song K, Chu K, Hwang SY, Kim GY, Seo J, Woo CS, Choi SY, Yang CH. Flexopiezoelectricity at ferroelastic domain walls in WO 3 films. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4898. [PMID: 32994411 PMCID: PMC7524836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a domain wall property that is forbidden by symmetry in bulk can offer unforeseen opportunities for nanoscale low-dimensional functionalities in ferroic materials. Here, we report that the piezoelectric response is greatly enhanced in the ferroelastic domain walls of centrosymmetric tungsten trioxide thin films due to a large strain gradient of 106 m−1, which exists over a rather wide width (~20 nm) of the wall. The interrelationship between the strain gradient, electric polarity, and the electromechanical property is scrutinized by detecting of the lattice distortion using atomic scale strain analysis, and also by detecting the depolarized electric field using differential phase contrast technique. We further demonstrate that the domain walls can be manipulated and aligned in specific directions deterministically using a scanning tip, which produces a surficial strain gradient. Our findings provide the comprehensive observation of a flexopiezoelectric phenomenon that is artificially controlled by externally induced strain gradients. Observation of a strain-gradient-induced piezoresponse at domain walls remains a challenge. Here, the authors find the piezoelectric response to be enhanced in the ferroelastic domain walls of centrosymmetric tungsten trioxide thin films due to a large strain gradient over a wide width of the wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhee Yun
- Department of Physics & Center for Lattice Defectronics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Materials Analysis and Evaluation, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyun Chu
- Department of Physics & Center for Lattice Defectronics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Group for Ferroelectrics and Functional Oxides, Institute of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soo-Yoon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Yeop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongdae Seo
- Department of Physics & Center for Lattice Defectronics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Woo
- Department of Physics & Center for Lattice Defectronics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics & Center for Lattice Defectronics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Narayan A. Effect of strain and doping on the polar metal phase in LiOsO 3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:125501. [PMID: 31751959 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigate the effect of strain and doping on the polar metal phase in lithium osmate, LiOsO3, using first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that the polar metal phase in LiOsO3 can be controlled by biaxial strain. Based on density functional calculations, we show that a compressive biaxial strain enhances the stability of the polar R3c phase. On the other hand, a tensile biaxial strain favors the centrosymmetric [Formula: see text] structure. Thus, strain emerges as a promising control parameter over polar metallicity in this material. We uncover a strain-driven quantum phase transition under tensile strain, and highlight intriguing properties that could emerge in the vicinity of this polar to non-polar metal transition. We examine the effect of charge doping on the polar metal phase. By means of electrostatic doping as well as supercell calculations, we find that screening from additional charge carriers, expected to suppress the polar distortions, have only a small effect on them. Rather remarkably, and in contrast to conventional ferroelectrics, the polar metal phase in LiOsO3 remains robust against charge doping up to large doping values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Narayan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang L, Pan W, Han D, Hu WX, Sun DY. First-principles calculations of oxygen octahedral distortions in LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3(001) superlattices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5826-5831. [PMID: 32107515 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The size, shape and connectivity of oxide octahedra are essential for understanding and controlling the emergent functional properties of ABO3 perovskites. Using first-principles calculations, we systematically studied the oxygen octahedral rotation and deformation in LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) superlattices. Superlattices with electron- or hole-doped interfaces, or both, are compared. The results showed that there are at least three different types of oxygen octahedral distortions in these superlattices, which is more than what had previously been reported in the literature. We demonstrate that interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling and hole-doping, in addition to epitaxial strain, are the key factors underlying the formation of multiple types of oxygen octahedral rotations in these systems. We confirm that oxygen octahedral rotations and deformations play an essential role in insulator-metal transitions. Furthermore, octahedral distortion leads to ferroelectricity like dipole formation with the polarization vector always pointing to the positively charged interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, No. 500, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wei XK, Jia CL, Du HC, Roleder K, Mayer J, Dunin-Borkowski RE. An Unconventional Transient Phase with Cycloidal Order of Polarization in Energy-Storage Antiferroelectric PbZrO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907208. [PMID: 31975474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiferroelectric-based dielectric capacitors are receiving tremendous attention for their outstanding energy-storage performance and extraordinary flexibility in collecting pulsed powers. Nevertheless, the in situ atomic-scale structural-evolution pathway, inherently coupling to the energy storage process, has not been elucidated for the ultimate mechanistic understanding so far. Here, time- and atomic-resolution structural phase evolution in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 during storage of energy from the electron-beam illumination is reported. By employing state-of-the-art negative-spherical-aberration imaging technique, the quantitative transmission electron microscopy study presented herein clarifies that the hierarchical evolution of polar oxygen octahedra associated with the unit-cell volume change and polarization rotation accounts for the stepwise antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition. In particular, an unconventional ferroelectric category-the ferrodistortive phase characteristic of a unique cycloidal polarization order-is established during the dynamic structure investigation. Through clarifying the atomic-scale phase transformation pathway, findings of this work unveil a new territory to explore novel ferrodistortive phases in energy-storage materials with the nonpolar-to-polar phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kui Wei
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Chun-Lin Jia
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hong-Chu Du
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie (GFE) RWTH Aachen, Ahornstraße 55, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Krystian Roleder
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Chorzów, 41500, Poland
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie (GFE) RWTH Aachen, Ahornstraße 55, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
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Varignon J, Bristowe NC, Bousquet E, Ghosez P. Magneto-electric multiferroics: designing new materials from first-principles calculations. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In parallel with the revival of interest for magneto-electric multiferroic materials in the beginning of the century, first-principles simulations have grown incredibly in efficiency during the last two decades. Density functional theory calculations, in particular, have so become a must-have tool for physicists and chemists in the multiferroic community. While these calculations were originally used to support and explain experimental behaviour, their interest has progressively moved to the design of novel magneto-electric multiferroic materials. In this article, we mainly focus on oxide perovskites, an important class of multifunctional material, and review some significant advances to which contributed first-principles calculations. We also briefly introduce the various theoretical developments that were at the core of all these advances.
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Gu Y, Song C, Zhang Q, Li F, Tan H, Xu K, Li J, Saleem MS, Fayaz MU, Peng J, Hu F, Gu L, Liu W, Zhang Z, Pan F. Interfacial Control of Ferromagnetism in Ultrathin SrRuO 3 Films Sandwiched between Ferroelectric BaTiO 3 Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6707-6715. [PMID: 31927907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between materials provide an intellectually rich arena for fundamental scientific discovery and device design. However, the frustration of magnetization and conductivity of perovskite oxide films under reduced dimensionality is detrimental to their device performance, preventing their active low-dimensional application. Herein, by inserting the ultrathin 4d ferromagnetic SrRuO3 layer between ferroelectric BaTiO3 layers to form a sandwich heterostructure, we observe enhanced physical properties in ultrathin SrRuO3 films, including longitudinal conductivity, Curie temperature, and saturated magnetic moment. Especially, the saturated magnetization can be enhanced to ∼3.12 μB/Ru in ultrathin BaTiO3/SrRuO3/BaTiO3 trilayers, which is beyond the theoretical limit of bulk value (2 μB/Ru). This observation is attributed to the synergistic ferroelectric proximity effect (SFPE) at upper and lower BaTiO3/SrRuO3 heterointerfaces, as revealed by the high-resolution lattice structure analysis. This SFPE in dual-ferroelectric interface cooperatively induces ferroelectric-like lattice distortions in RuO6 oxygen octahedra and subsequent spin-state crossover in SrRuO3, which in turn accounts for the observed enhanced magnetization. Besides the fundamental significance of interface-induced spin-lattice coupling, our findings also provide a viable route to the electrical control of magnetic ordering, taking a step toward low-power applications in all-oxide spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Fan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics , Halle (Saale) D-06120 , Germany
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics , Halle (Saale) D-06120 , Germany
| | - Kun Xu
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jia Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Muhammad Shahrukh Saleem
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Muhammad Umer Fayaz
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jingjing Peng
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials , Beijing 100095 , China
| | - Fengxia Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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Peng Y, Tan Z, An J, Zhu J, Zhang Q. The tunable ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity of the KNN piezoceramics by Na concentrations: First-principles calculations. Ann Ital Chir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Zvejnieks G, Rusevich LL, Gryaznov D, Kotomin EA. Interface-induced enhancement of piezoelectricity in the (SrTiO 3) m/(BaTiO 3) M-m superlattice for energy harvesting applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23541-23551. [PMID: 31617511 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of a detailed first principles study of the piezoelectric properties of the (SrTiO3)m/(BaTiO3)M-m heterostructure using the 3D STOm/BTOM-m superlattice model. The atomic basis set, hybrid functionals and slabs with different numbers of STO and BTO layers were used. The interplay between ferroelectric (FEz) and antiferrodistortive (AFDz) displacements is carefully analyzed. Based on the experimental data and group theoretical analysis, we deduce two possible space groups of tetragonal symmetry which allow us to reproduce the experimentally known pure STO and BTO bulk phases in the limiting cases, and to model the corresponding intermediate superlattices. The characteristic feature of the space group P4mm (#99) model is atomic displacements in the [001] direction, which allows us to simulate the FEz displacements, whereas the P4 (#75) model besides FEz displacements permits oxygen octahedra antiphase rotations around the [001] direction and thus AFDz displacements. Our calculations demonstrate that for m/M≤ 0.75 layer ratios both models show similar geometries and piezoelectric constants. Moreover, both models predict an approximately 6-fold increase of the piezoelectric constant e33 compared to the BaTiO3 bulk value, albeit at slightly different layer ratios. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that piezoelectricity arises due to the coordinated collective FEz displacements of atoms in both STO and BTO slabs and interfaces and reaches its maximum when the superlattice approaches the point where the tetragonal phase becomes unstable and transforms to a pseudo-cubic phase. We demonstrate that even a single or double layer of BTO is sufficient to trigger FEz displacements in the STO slab, in P4mm and P4 models, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntars Zvejnieks
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia.
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Jiang Z, Paillard C, Vanderbilt D, Xiang H, Bellaiche L. Designing Multifunctionality via Assembling Dissimilar Materials: Epitaxial AlN/ScN Superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:096801. [PMID: 31524461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.096801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to investigate the effect of epitaxial strain on energetic, structural, electrical, electronic, and optical properties of 1×1 AlN/ScN superlattices. This system is predicted to adopt four different strain regions exhibiting different properties, including optimization of various physical responses such as piezoelectricity, electro-optic and elasto-optic coefficients, and elasticity. Varying the strain between these four different regions also allows the creation of an electrical polarization in a nominally paraelectric material, as a result of a softening of the lowest optical mode, and even the control of its magnitude up to a giant value. Furthermore, it results in an electronic band gap that cannot only change its nature (direct vs indirect), but also cover a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from the blue, through the violet and near ultraviolet, to the middle ultraviolet. These findings thus point out the potential of assembling two different materials inside the same heterostructure to design multifunctionality and striking phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Charles Paillard
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
- Laboratoire SPMS, CentraleSupélec/CNRS UMR 8580, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - L Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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