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Wang CG, Xu W, Li C, Shi L, Jiang J, Guo T, Yue WC, Li T, Zhang P, Lyu YY, Pan J, Deng X, Dong Y, Tu X, Dong S, Cao C, Zhang L, Jia X, Sun G, Kang L, Chen J, Wang YL, Wang H, Wu P. Integrated and DC-powered superconducting microcomb. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4009. [PMID: 38740761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wuyue Xu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junliang Jiang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Yue
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Lyu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xiuhao Deng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Dong
- College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuecou Tu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Sining Dong
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhai Cao
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Labao Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Huabing Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China.
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Liu C, Mucci M, Cao X, Dutt MVG, Hatridge M, Pekker D. Proposal for a continuous wave laser with linewidth well below the standard quantum limit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5620. [PMID: 34556650 PMCID: PMC8460663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high coherence, lasers are ubiquitous tools in science. We show that by engineering the coupling between the gain medium and the laser cavity as well as the laser cavity and the output port, it is possible to eliminate most of the noise due to photons entering as well as leaving the laser cavity. Hence, it is possible to reduce the laser linewidth by a factor equal to the number of photons in the laser cavity below the standard quantum limit. We design and theoretically analyze a superconducting circuit that uses Josephson junctions, capacitors and inductors to implement a microwave laser, including the low-noise couplers that allow the design to surpass the standard quantum limit. Our proposal relies on the elements of superconducting quantum information, and thus is an example of how quantum engineering techniques can inspire us to re-imagine the limits of conventional quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Maria Mucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - M V Gurudev Dutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Michael Hatridge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - David Pekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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