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Khan N, Wang P, Fu Q, Shang C, Ye F. Observation of Period-Doubling Bloch Oscillations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053801. [PMID: 38364161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Bloch oscillations refer to the periodic oscillation of a wave packet in a lattice under a constant force. Typically, the oscillation has a fundamental period that corresponds to the wave packet traversing the first Brillouin zone once. Here, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, the optical Bloch oscillations where the wave packet must traverse the first Brillouin zone twice to complete a full cycle, resulting in a period of oscillation that is 2 times longer than that of usual Bloch oscillations. The unusual Bloch oscillations arise due to the band crossing of valley-Hall topological edge states at the Brillouin boundary for zigzag domain walls between two staggered honeycomb lattices with inverted on-site energy detuning, which are protected by the glide-reflection symmetry of the underlying structures. Our work sheds light on the direct detection of band crossings resulting from intrinsic symmetries that extend beyond the fundamental translational symmetry in topological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Khan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qidong Fu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ce Shang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fangwei Ye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Wang S, Qin C, Zhao L, Ye H, Longhi S, Lu P, Wang B. Photonic Floquet Landau-Zener tunneling and temporal beam splitters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0415. [PMID: 37134159 PMCID: PMC10156109 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Landau-Zener tunneling (LZT), i.e., the nonadiabatic transition under strong parameter driving in multilevel systems, is ubiquitous in physics, providing a powerful tool for coherent wave control both in quantum and classical systems. While previous works mainly focus on LZT between two energy bands in time-invariant crystals, here, we construct synthetic time-periodic temporal lattices from two coupled fiber loops and demonstrate dc- and ac-driven LZTs between periodic Floquet bands. We show that dc- and ac-driven LZTs display distinctive tunneling and interference characteristics, which can be harnessed to realize fully reconfigurable LZT beam splitter arrangements. As a potential application to signal processing, we realize a 4-bit temporal beam encoder for classical light pulses using a reconfigurable LZT beam splitter network. Our work introduces and experimentally demonstrates a new class of reconfigurable linear optics circuits harnessing Floquet LZT, which may find versatile applications in temporal beam control, signal processing, quantum simulations, and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengzhi Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lange Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Han Ye
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Stefano Longhi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Longhi S. Non-Hermitian Bloch-Zener phase transition. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6345-6348. [PMID: 36538434 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bloch-Zener oscillations (BZO), i.e., the interplay between Bloch oscillations and Zener tunneling in two-band lattices under an external direct current (DC) force, are ubiquitous in different areas of wave physics, including photonics. While in Hermitian systems such oscillations are rather generally aperiodic and only accidentally periodic, in non-Hermitian (NH) lattices BZO can show a transition from aperiodic to periodic as a NH parameter in the system is varied. Remarkably, the phase transition can be either smooth or sharp, contrary to other types of NH phase transitions which are universally sharp. A discrete-time photonic quantum walk on a synthetic lattice is suggested for an experimental observation of smooth BZO phase transitions.
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Zhang Z, Feng Y, Li F, Koniakhin S, Li C, Liu F, Zhang Y, Xiao M, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D. Angular-Dependent Klein Tunneling in Photonic Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:233901. [PMID: 36563206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.233901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Klein paradox consists in the perfect tunneling of relativistic particles through high potential barriers. It is responsible for the exceptional conductive properties of graphene. It was recently studied in atomic condensates and topological photonics and phononics. While in theory the perfect tunneling holds only for normal incidence, so far the angular dependence of the Klein tunneling and its strong variation with the barrier height were not measured experimentally. In this Letter, we capitalize on the versatility of atomic vapor cells with paraxial beam propagation and index patterning by electromagnetically induced transparency. We report the first experimental observation of perfect Klein transmission in a 2D photonic system (photonic graphene) at normal incidence and measure the angular dependence. Counterintuitively, but in agreement with the Dirac equation, we observe that the decay of the Klein transmission versus angle is suppressed by increasing the barrier height, a key result for the conductivity of graphene and its analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Sergei Koniakhin
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Changbiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dmitry Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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Chang YJ, Lu YH, Yang YY, Wang Y, Zhou WH, Wang XW, Jin XM. Inhibition and Reconstruction of Zener Tunneling in Photonic Honeycomb Lattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110044. [PMID: 35306698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum coherence is the central element of particle states, and it characterizes the overall performance of various quantum materials. Bloch oscillation is a fundamental coherent behavior of particles under a static potential, which can be easily destroyed by Zener tunneling in multiband 2D lattice materials. The control of Zener tunneling therefore plays the key role in quantum engineering for complicated physical systems. Here, the inhibition and reconstruction of Zener tunneling in photonic honeycomb lattices are experimentally demonstrated. Deformed honeycomb lattices are integrated and an effective static potential is realized on the 2D lattice materials. Zener tunneling disappears in stretch-type lattices and wave packets stay in the dispersionless upper energy band. On the contrary, Zener tunneling is greatly enhanced in compression-type lattices and wave packets exhibit directional oscillations without branches, which manifest the preserved coherence of the wave packets. The results demonstrate the protection of photonic coherence by structurally controlling the Zener tunneling, representing a step toward flexible quantum engineering for large-scale artificial quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Chang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ying-Yue Yang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- TuringQ Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhang Z, Ning S, Zhong H, Belić MR, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liang S, Zhang Y, Xiao M. Experimental demonstration of optical Bloch oscillation in electromagnetically induced photonic lattices. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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Xia S, Zhang Y, Li Z, Qin L, Yang C, Lu H, Zhang J, Zhao X, Zhu Z. Band evolution and Landau-Zener Bloch oscillations in strained photonic rhombic lattices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:37503-37514. [PMID: 34808820 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate band evolution of chiral and non-chiral symmetric flatband photonic rhombic lattices by applying a strain along the diagonal direction, and thereby demonstrating Landau-Zener Bloch (LZB) oscillations in the presence of a refractive index gradient. The chiral and non-chiral symmetric rhombic lattices are obtained by adding a detuning to uniform lattices. For the chiral symmetric lattices, the middle flatband is perturbed due to the chiral symmetry breaking while a nearly flatband appears as the bottom band with the increase of strain-induced next-nearest-neighbor hopping. Consequently, LZB oscillations exhibit intriguing characteristics such as asymmetric energy transitions and almost complete suppression of the oscillations. Nevertheless, for the non-chiral symmetric lattices, flatband persists owing to the retained particle-hole symmetry and evolves into the bottom band. Remarkably, the band gap can be readily tuned, which allows controlling of the amplitude of Landau-Zener tunneling (LZT) rate and may lead to thorough LZT. Our analysis provides an alternative perspective on the generation of tunable flatband and may also bring insight to study the symmetry and topological characterization of the flatband.
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Zhong H, Kartashov YV, Zhang Y, Song D, Zhang Y, Li F, Chen Z. Rabi-like oscillation of photonic topological valley Hall edge states. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3342-3345. [PMID: 31259956 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate Rabi-like oscillations of topological valley Hall edge states by introducing two zigzag domain walls in an inversion-symmetry-breaking honeycomb photonic lattice. Such resonant oscillations are stimulated by weak periodic modulation of the lattice depth along the propagation direction that does not affect the overall symmetry and the band topology of the lattice. Oscillations are accompanied by periodic switching between edge states with the same Bloch momentum but located at different domain walls. Switching period and efficiency are the non-monotonic functions of the Bloch momentum in the Brillouin zone. We discuss how the efficiency of this resonant process depends on the detuning of modulation frequency from the resonant value. Switching of nonlinear edge states is also briefly discussed. Our work brings about an effective approach to accomplish resonant oscillations of the valley Hall edge states in time-reversal-invariant topological insulators.
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Song D, Leykam D, Su J, Liu X, Tang L, Liu S, Zhao J, Efremidis NK, Xu J, Chen Z. Valley Vortex States and Degeneracy Lifting via Photonic Higher-Band Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:123903. [PMID: 30978034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate valley-dependent vortex generation in photonic graphene. Without breaking inversion symmetry, the excitation of two valleys leads to the formation of an optical vortex upon Bragg reflection to the third equivalent valley, with its chirality determined by the valley degree of freedom. Vortex-antivortex pairs with valley-dependent topological charge flipping are also observed and corroborated by numerical simulations. Furthermore, we develop a three-band effective Hamiltonian model to describe the dynamics of the coupled valleys and find that the commonly used two-band model is not sufficient to explain the observed vortex degeneracy lifting. Such valley-polarized vortex states arise from high-band excitation without a synthetic-field-induced gap opening. Our results from a photonic setting may provide insight for the study of valley contrasting and Berry-phase-mediated topological phenomena in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Daniel Leykam
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Su
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liqin Tang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Nikolaos K Efremidis
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, and TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
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