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Shishkov VY, Andrianov ES. Negative compressibility of a nonequilibrium nonideal Bose-Einstein condensate. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064108. [PMID: 36671074 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An ideal equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is usually considered in the grand canonical (μVT) ensemble, which implies the presence of the chemical equilibrium with the environment. However, in most experimental scenarios, the total amount of particles in BEC is determined either by the initial conditions or by the balance between dissipation and pumping. As a result, BEC may possess the thermal equilibrium but almost never the chemical equilibrium. In addition, many experimentally achievable BECs are non-ideal due to interaction between particles. In the recent work [Shiskov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 065301 (2022)0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.128.065301], it has been shown that invariant subspaces in the system Hilbert space appear in non-equilibrium BEC in the fast thermalization limit. In each of these subspaces, Gibbs distribution is established with a certain number of particles that makes it possible to investigate properties of non-ideal non-equilibrium BEC independently in each invariant subspace. In this work, we analyze the BEC stability due to change in dispersion curve caused by non-linearity in BEC. Generally, non-linearity leads to the redshift or blueshift of the dispersion curve and to the change in the effective mass of the particles. We show that the redshift of the dispersion curve can lead to the negative compressibility of BEC and onset of instability, whereas the change in the effective mass always makes BEC more stable. We find the explicit condition for the particle density in BEC, at which the negative compressibility appears. We show that the appearance of BEC instability is followed by the formation of stable and spatially inhomogeneous BEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Yu Shishkov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 22 Sushchevskaya, Moscow 127055, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow region, Russia; Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; and Laboratories for Hybrid Photonics, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny S Andrianov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 22 Sushchevskaya, Moscow 127055, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow region, Russia; Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; and Laboratories for Hybrid Photonics, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
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Altowyan AS, Berrada K, Abdel-Khalek S, Eleuch H. Quantum Coherence and Total Phase in Semiconductor Microcavities for Multi-Photon Excitation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2671. [PMID: 35957102 PMCID: PMC9370133 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examine how the weak excitation regime of a quantum well confined in a semiconductor microcavity (SM) influences the dynamics of quantum coherence and the total phase. We analyze the impact of the physical parameters on different quantumness measures, and illustrate their numerical results. We show that the amount of the coherence and total phase in the SMs for multi-photon excitation can be improved and controlled by the strength of the field, exciton-photon coupling, cavity dissipation rate, and excitonic spontaneous emission rate. We illustrate how the fidelity varies depending on the physical parameters. These results might have far-reaching ramifications not just in quantum information processing and optics, but also in physics at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S. Altowyan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamal Berrada
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Miramare-Trieste, Italy
| | - Sayed Abdel-Khalek
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Hichem Eleuch
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Shishkov VY, Andrianov ES, Zasedatelev AV, Lagoudakis PG, Lozovik YE. Exact Analytical Solution for the Density Matrix of a Nonequilibrium Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:065301. [PMID: 35213178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we give an analytical quantum description of a nonequilibrium polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) based on the solution of the master equation for the full polariton density matrix in the limit of fast thermalization. We find the density matrix of a nonequilibrium BEC, that takes into account quantum correlations between all polariton states. We show that the formation of BEC is accompanied by the build-up of cross-correlations between the ground state and the excited states reaching their highest values at the condensation threshold. Despite the nonequilibrium nature of polariton systems, we show the average population of polariton states exhibits the Bose-Einstein distribution with an almost zero effective chemical potential above the condensation threshold similar to an equilibrium BEC. We demonstrate that above threshold the effective temperature of polaritons drops below the reservoir temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Yu Shishkov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 22 Sushchevskaya, Moscow 127055, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow region, Russia; and Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny S Andrianov
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 22 Sushchevskaya, Moscow 127055, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy pereulok, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow region, Russia; and Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Zasedatelev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yurii E Lozovik
- Institute for Spectroscopy RAS, 5 Fizicheskaya, Troitsk 142190, Russia; Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia; Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; and Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 22 Sushchevskaya, Moscow 127055, Russia
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Lüders C, Aßmann M. Distinguishing intrinsic photon correlations from external noise with frequency-resolved homodyne detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22411. [PMID: 33376250 PMCID: PMC7772345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we apply homodyne detection to investigate the frequency-resolved photon statistics of a cw light field emitted by a driven-dissipative semiconductor system in real time. We demonstrate that studying the frequency dependence of the photon number noise allows us to distinguish intrinsic noise properties of the emitter from external noise sources such as mechanical noise while maintaining a sub-picosecond temporal resolution. We further show that performing postselection on the recorded data opens up the possibility to study rare events in the dynamics of the emitter. By doing so, we demonstrate that in rare instances, additional external noise may actually result in reduced photon number noise in the emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lüders
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.
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You JB, Xiong X, Bai P, Zhou ZK, Ma RM, Yang WL, Lu YK, Xiao YF, Png CE, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Qiu CW, Wu L. Reconfigurable Photon Sources Based on Quantum Plexcitonic Systems. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4645-4652. [PMID: 32364394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A single photon in a strongly nonlinear cavity is able to block the transmission of a second photon, thereby converting incident coherent light into antibunched light, which is known as the photon blockade effect. Photon antipairing, where only the entry of two photons is blocked and the emission of bunches of three or more photons is allowed, is based on an unconventional photon blockade mechanism due to destructive interference of two distinct excitation pathways. We propose quantum plexcitonic systems with moderate nonlinearity to generate both antibunched and antipaired photons. The proposed plexcitonic systems benefit from subwavelength field localizations that make quantum emitters spatially distinguishable, thus enabling a reconfigurable photon source between antibunched and antipaired states via tailoring the energy bands. For a realistic nanoprism plexcitonic system, chemical and optical schemes of reconfiguration are demonstrated. These results pave the way to realize reconfigurable nonclassical photon sources in a simple quantum plexcitonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Ping Bai
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ching Eng Png
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
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Zhang Z, Agarwal GS, Scully MO. Quantum Fluctuations in the Fröhlich Condensate of Molecular Vibrations Driven Far From Equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:158101. [PMID: 31050540 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.158101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fröhlich discovered the remarkable condensation of polar vibrations into the lowest frequency mode when the system is pumped externally. For a full understanding of the Fröhlich condensate one needs to go beyond the mean field level to describe critical behavior as well as quantum fluctuations. The energy redistribution among vibrational modes with nonlinearity included is shown to be essential for realizing the condensate and the phonon-number distribution, revealing the transition from quasithermal to super-Poissonian statistics with the pump. We further study the spectroscopic properties of the Fröhlich condensate, which are especially revealed by the narrow linewidth. This gives the long-lived coherence and the collective motion of the condensate. Finally, we show that the proteins such as bovine serum albumin and lysozyme are most likely the candidates for observing such collective modes in THz regime by means of Raman or infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Zhang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | | - Marlan O Scully
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76704, USA
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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