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Pagot G, Di Noto V, Vezzù K, Barbiellini B, Toso V, Caruso A, Zheng M, Li X, Ferragut R. Quantum view of Li-ion high mobility at carbon-coated cathode interfaces. iScience 2022; 26:105794. [PMID: 36594017 PMCID: PMC9803833 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are among the most promising power sources for electric vehicles, portable electronics and smart grids. In LIBs, the cathode is a major bottleneck, with a particular reference to its low electrical conductivity and Li-ion diffusivity. The coating with carbon layers is generally employed to enhance the electrical conductivity and to protect the active material from degradation during operation. Here, we demonstrate that this layer has a primary role in the lithium diffusivity into the cathode nanoparticles. Positron is a useful quantum probe at the electroactive materials/carbon interface to sense the mobility of Li-ion. Broadband electrical spectroscopy demonstrates that only a small number of Li-ions are moving, and that their diffusion strongly depends on the type of carbon additive. Positron annihilation and broadband electrical spectroscopies are crucial complementary tools to investigate the electronic effect of the carbon phase on the cathode performance and Li-ion dynamics in electroactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Pagot
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Vito Di Noto
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Keti Vezzù
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Bernardo Barbiellini
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT-University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valerio Toso
- L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy,INFN Milan Unit, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Caruso
- L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Meiying Zheng
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT-University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland,L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Xin Li
- Physics Department, School of Engineering Science, LUT-University, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland,L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Rafael Ferragut
- L-NESS and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy,INFN Milan Unit, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy,Corresponding author
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Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool for the Study of LiCoO2 Cathode of Lithium-Ion Batteries. CONDENSED MATTER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Positron annihilation spectroscopy using lifetime and Doppler broadening allows the characterization of the lithiation state in LiCoO2 thin film used in cathode of lithium-ion batteries. The lifetime results reflect positron spillover because of the presence of graphite in between the oxide grains in real cathode Li-ion batteries. This spillover produces an effect in the measured positron parameters which are sensitive to delocalized electrons from lithium atoms as in Compton scattering results. The first component of the positron lifetime corresponds to a bulk-like state and can be used to characterize the state of charge of the cathode while the second component represents a surface state at the grain-graphite interface.
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Pussi K, Barbiellini B, Ohara K, Carbo-Argibay E, Kolen'ko YV, Bansil A, Kamali S. Structural properties of PbTe quantum dots revealed by high-energy x-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:485401. [PMID: 32726769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaa80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-energy x-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) experiments combined with an analysis based on atomic-pair-distribution functions can be an effective tool for probing low-dimensional materials. Here, we show how such an analysis can be used to gain insight into structural properties of PbTe nanoparticles (NPs). We interpret our HE-XRD data using an orthorhombic Pnma phase of PbTe, which is an orthorhombic distortion of the rocksalt phase. Although local crystal geometry can vary substantially with particle size at scales below 10 nm, and for very small NPs the particle size itself influences x-ray diffraction patterns, our study shows that HE-XRD can provide a unique nano-characterization tool for unraveling structural properties of nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussi
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - B Barbiellini
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - K Ohara
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - E Carbo-Argibay
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Y V Kolen'ko
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - A Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - S Kamali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States of America
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