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Fang D, Cui JM, Chen WB, Chen Y, Li RR, Zhang CH, Huang YF, Li CF, Guo GC. Arc discharge method to fabricate large concave structures for open-access fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2906-2915. [PMID: 38297527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel micro-fabrication technique for creating concave surfaces on the endfacets of photonic crystal fibers. A fiber fusion splicer is used to generate arc discharges to melt and reshape the fiber endfacet. This technique can produce large spherical concave surfaces with roughness as low as 0.12 nm in various types of photonic crystal fibers. The deviation of fabricated surface and a spherical profile in the region of 70 µm in diameter is less than 50 nm. The center of the concave surface and the fiber mode field are highly coincident with a deviation less than 500 nm. Finesse measurements have shown that a Fabry-Pérot cavity composed of the fiber fabricated using this method and a plane mirror maintains finesse of 20000. This method is easy to replicate, making it a practical and efficient approach to fabricate concave surface on fibers for open-access fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities.
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2
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Doherty TH, Kuhn A, Kassa E. Multi-resonant open-access microcavity arrays for light matter interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6342-6355. [PMID: 36823893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the realisation of a high-finesse open-access cavity array, tailored towards the creation of multiple coherent light-matter interfaces within a compact environment. We describe the key technical developments put in place to fabricate such a system, comprising the creation of tapered pyramidal substrates and an in-house laser machining setup. Cavities made from these mirrors are characterised, by laser spectroscopy, to possess similar optical properties to state-of-the-art fibre-tip cavities, but offer a compelling route towards improved performance, even when used to support only a single mode. The implementation of a 2×2 cavity array and the independent frequency tuning between three neighbouring sites are demonstrated.
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3
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Pan Y, Li L, Zhou X, Huang D, Shen Z, Wang J, Li C, Guo G. Feedback and compensation scheme to suppress the thermal effects from a dipole trap beam for the optical fiber microcavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46280-46293. [PMID: 36558585 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) with neutral atoms is a promising platform for quantum information processing and optical fiber Fabry-Pérot microcavity with small mode volume is an important integrant for the large light-matter coupling strength. To transport cold atoms to the microcavity, a high-power optical dipole trap (ODT) beam perpendicular to the cavity axis is commonly used. However, the overlap between the ODT beam and the cavity mirrors causes thermal effects inducing a large cavity shift at the locking wavelength and a differential cavity shift at the probe wavelength which disturbs the cavity resonance. Here, we develop a feedback and compensation scheme to maintain the optical fiber microcavity resonant with the lasers at the locking and probe wavelengths simultaneously. The large cavity shift of 210 times the cavity linewidth, which makes the conventional PID scheme ineffective can be suppressed actively by a PIID feedback scheme with an additional I parameter. Differential cavity shift at the probe wavelength can be understood from the photothermal refraction and thermal expansion effects on the mirror coatings and be passively compensated by changing the frequency of the locking laser. A further normal-mode splitting measurement demonstrates the strong coupling between 85Rb atoms and cavity mode after the thermal effects are suppressed, which also confirms successful delivery and trapping of atoms into the optical cavity. This scheme can solve the thermal effects of the high-power ODT beam and will be helpful to cavity QED experimental research.
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4
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Deist E, Lu YH, Ho J, Pasha MK, Zeiher J, Yan Z, Stamper-Kurn DM. Mid-Circuit Cavity Measurement in a Neutral Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:203602. [PMID: 36462020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subsystem readout during a quantum process, or mid-circuit measurement, is crucial for error correction in quantum computation, simulation, and metrology. Ideal mid-circuit measurement should be faster than the decoherence of the system, high-fidelity, and nondestructive to the unmeasured qubits. Here, we use a strongly coupled optical cavity to read out the state of a single tweezer-trapped ^{87}Rb atom within a small tweezer array. Measuring either atomic fluorescence or the transmission of light through the cavity, we detect both the presence and the state of an atom in the tweezer, within only tens of microseconds, with state preparation and measurement infidelities of roughly 0.5% and atom loss probabilities of around 1%. Using a two-tweezer system, we find measurement on one atom within the cavity causes no observable hyperfine-state decoherence on a second atom located tens of microns from the cavity volume. This high-fidelity mid-circuit readout method is a substantial step toward quantum error correction in neutral atom arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Deist
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Ho
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mary Kate Pasha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Zhenjie Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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5
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Ruelle T, Jaeger D, Fogliano F, Braakman F, Poggio M. A tunable fiber Fabry-Perot cavity for hybrid optomechanics stabilized at 4 K. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:095003. [PMID: 36182449 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe an apparatus for the implementation of hybrid optomechanical systems at 4 K. The platform is based on a high-finesse, micrometer-scale fiber Fabry-Perot cavity, which can be widely tuned using piezoelectric positioners. A mechanical resonator can be positioned within the cavity in the object-in-the-middle configuration by a second set of positioners. A high level of stability is achieved without sacrificing either performance or tunability, through the combination of a stiff mechanical design, passive vibration isolation, and an active Pound-Drever-Hall feedback lock incorporating a reconfigurable digital filter. The stability of the cavity length is demonstrated to be better than a few picometers over many hours both at room temperature and at 4 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Ruelle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Jaeger
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Floris Braakman
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martino Poggio
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Huang S, Xie S, Gao H, Hao T, Zhang S, Liu T, Li Y, Zhu J. Acoustic Purcell effect induced by quasibound state in the continuum. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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7
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He X, Wu B, Shang Y, Li B, Cheng X, Liu J. New phase space formulations and quantum dynamics approaches. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Baihua Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Youhao Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Bingqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiangsong Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
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8
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Boddeti AK, Guan J, Sentz T, Juarez X, Newman W, Cortes C, Odom TW, Jacob Z. Long-Range Dipole-Dipole Interactions in a Plasmonic Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:22-28. [PMID: 34672615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous emission of quantum emitters can be enhanced by increasing the local density of optical states, whereas engineering dipole-dipole interactions requires modifying the two-point spectral density function. Here, we experimentally demonstrate long-range dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) mediated by surface lattice resonances in a plasmonic nanoparticle lattice. Using angle-resolved spectral measurements and fluorescence lifetime studies, we show that unique nanophotonic modes mediate long-range DDI between donor and acceptor molecules. We observe significant and persistent DDI strengths for a range of densities that map to ∼800 nm mean nearest-neighbor separation distance between donor and acceptor dipoles, a factor of ∼100 larger than free space. Our results pave the way to engineer and control long-range DDIs between an ensemble of emitters at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Boddeti
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Tyler Sentz
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Ward Newman
- Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Cristian Cortes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Zubin Jacob
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Yin J, Zheng H, Li A, Zhang J, Tian L, Zhao F, Shao Y. Plasmon-induced double-field-enhanced upconversion nanoprobes with near-infrared resonances for high-sensitivity optical bio-imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:435201. [PMID: 34243172 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac12ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity optical imaging can be achieved through improving upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) efficiency of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-enhanced excitation and emission. Herein, we report a type of UCPL nanoprobe, Au nanospheres assemblage@Gd2O3:Yb3+/Ln3+(Ln = Er, Ho, Tm), which exhibits emission enhancements from 46- to 96-fold as compared with its Au-free counterparts. The aggregation and interaction among Au nanospheres embedded inside the nanoprobe brings about three characteristic LSPR peaks in visible and near-infrared regions according to simulated and experimental absorption spectra, resulting in both excitation and emission fields simultaneously intensified all through the entire nanoprobe. We addressed a characteristic wavelength dependence on emission amplifications, which could be elucidated by a LSPR-enhanced UCPL mechanism and relevant rate equations that we addressed. The nanoprobe was verified to have a superior capability for optical bio-imaging with a negligible toxicityin vitroandin vivo. This study realizes a synchronous double-field-enhanced upconversion of optical nanoprobein situ, and may gain an insight into its mechanism underlying for LSPR-induced UCPL enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Anming Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- Center of Medical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Zhao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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10
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Will E, Masters L, Rauschenbeutel A, Scheucher M, Volz J. Coupling a Single Trapped Atom to a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microresonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:233602. [PMID: 34170158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate trapping of a single ^{85}Rb atom at a distance of about 200 nm from the surface of a whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonator. The atom is trapped in an optical potential, which is created by retroreflecting a red-detuned focused laser beam from the resonator surface. We counteract the trap-induced light shift of the atomic transition frequency by superposing a second laser beam. This allows us to observe a vacuum Rabi splitting in the excitation spectrum of the coupled atom-resonator system. This first demonstration of stable and controlled interaction of a single atom with a whispering-gallery mode in the strong coupling regime opens up the route toward the implementation of quantum protocols and applications that harvest the chiral atom-light coupling present in this class of resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Will
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luke Masters
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Scheucher
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Volz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Saavedra C, Pandey D, Alt W, Pfeifer H, Meschede D. Tunable fiber Fabry-Perot cavities with high passive stability. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:974-982. [PMID: 33726322 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present three high finesse tunable monolithic fiber Fabry-Perot cavities (FFPCs) with high passive mechanical stability. The fiber mirrors are fixed inside slotted glass ferrules, which guarantee an inherent alignment of the resonators. An attached piezoelectric element enables fast tuning of the FFPC resonance frequency over the entire free-spectral range for two of the designs. Stable locking of the cavity resonance is achieved for sub-Hertz feedback bandwidths, demonstrating the high passive stability. At the other limit, locking bandwidths up to tens of kilohertz, close to the first mechanical resonance, can be obtained. The root-mean-square frequency fluctuations are suppressed down to ∼2% of the cavity linewidth. Over a wide frequency range, the frequency noise is dominated by the thermal noise limit of the system's mechanical resonances. The demonstrated small footprint devices can be used advantageously in a broad range of applications like cavity-based sensing techniques, optical filters or quantum light-matter interfaces.
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12
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Araneda G, Cerchiari G, Higginbottom DB, Holz PC, Lakhmanskiy K, Obšil P, Colombe Y, Blatt R. The Panopticon device: An integrated Paul-trap-hemispherical mirror system for quantum optics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:113201. [PMID: 33261421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and construction of a new experimental apparatus for the trapping of single Ba+ ions in the center of curvature of an optical-quality hemispherical mirror. We describe the layout, fabrication, and integration of the full setup, consisting of a high-optical access monolithic "3D-printed" Paul trap, the hemispherical mirror, a diffraction-limited in-vacuum lens (NA = 0.7) for collection of atomic fluorescence, and a state-of-the art ultra-high vacuum vessel. This new apparatus enables the study of quantum electrodynamics effects such as strong inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission and achieves a collection efficiency of the emitted light in a single optical mode of 31%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Araneda
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Cerchiari
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D B Higginbottom
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - P C Holz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Lakhmanskiy
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Obšil
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Y Colombe
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Garcia S, Ferri F, Reichel J, Long R. Overlapping two standing waves in a microcavity for a multi-atom photon interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15515-15528. [PMID: 32403578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a light-matter interface enabling strong and uniform coupling between a chain of cold atoms and photons of an optical cavity. This interface is a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity, doubly resonant for both the wavelength of the atomic transition and for a geometrically commensurate red-detuned intracavity trapping lattice. Fulfilling the condition of a strong and uniform atom-photon coupling requires optimization of the spatial overlap between the two standing waves in the cavity. In a strong-coupling cavity, where the mode waists and Rayleigh range are small, we derive the expression of the optimal trapping wavelength, taking into account the Gouy phase. The main parameter controlling the overlap of the standing waves is the relative phase shift at the reflection on the cavity mirrors between the two wavelengths, for which we derive the optimal value. We have built a microcavity optimized according to these results, employing custom-made mirrors with engineered reflection phase for both wavelengths. We present a method to measure with high precision the relative phase shift at reflection, which allows us to determine the spatial overlap of the two modes in this cavity.
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14
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Ferri F, Garcia S, Baghdad M, Reichel J, Long R. Mapping optical standing-waves of an open-access Fabry-Perot cavity with a tapered fiber. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033104. [PMID: 32259942 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method to map the standing-wave pattern inside an open-access Fabry-Perot optical cavity with sub-wavelength resolution by perturbing it with a commercially available tapered fiber. The method is applied to a fiber Fabry-Perot microcavity. We demonstrate its use in determining the relative position of the antinodes at two different wavelengths. In addition, we use the tapered optical fiber as a point-like source, allowing precise positioning of a microscope objective with respect to the cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferri
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Garcia
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Baghdad
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jakob Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Long
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Hütner J, Hoinkes T, Becker M, Rothhardt M, Rauschenbeutel A, Skoff SM. Nanofiber-based high-Q microresonator for cryogenic applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:3249-3257. [PMID: 32121997 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cryo-compatible, fully fiber-integrated, alignment-free optical microresonator. The compatibility with low temperatures expands its possible applications to the wide field of solid-state quantum optics, where a cryogenic environment is often a requirement. At a temperature of 4.6 K we obtain a quality factor of (9.9 ± 0.7) × 106. In conjunction with the small mode volume provided by the nanofiber, this cavity can be either used in the coherent dynamics or the fast cavity regime, where it can provide a Purcell factor of up to 15. Our resonator is therefore suitable for significantly enhancing the coupling between light and a large variety of different quantum emitters and due to its proven performance over a wide temperature range, also lends itself for the implementation of quantum hybrid systems.
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Yang P, Xia X, He H, Li S, Han X, Zhang P, Li G, Zhang P, Xu J, Yang Y, Zhang T. Realization of Nonlinear Optical Nonreciprocity on a Few-Photon Level Based on Atoms Strongly Coupled to an Asymmetric Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233604. [PMID: 31868453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical nonreciprocity is important in photonic information processing to route the optical signal or prevent the reverse flow of noise. By adopting the strong nonlinearity associated with a few atoms in a strongly coupled cavity QED system and an asymmetric cavity configuration, we experimentally demonstrate the nonreciprocal transmission between two counterpropagating light fields with extremely low power. The transmission of 18% is achieved for the forward light field, and the maximum blocking ratio for the reverse light is 30 dB. Though the transmission of the forward light can be maximized by optimizing the impedance matching of the cavity, it is ultimately limited by the inherent loss of the scheme. This nonreciprocity can even occur on a few-photon level due to the high optical nonlinearity of the system. The working power can be flexibly tuned by changing the effective number of atoms strongly coupled to the cavity. The idea and result can be applied to optical chips as optical diodes by using fiber-based cavity QED systems. Our work opens up new perspectives for realizing optical nonreciprocity on a few-photon level based on the nonlinearities of atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Jian, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Hai He
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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17
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Nayak KP, Wang J, Keloth J. Real-Time Observation of Single Atoms Trapped and Interfaced to a Nanofiber Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:213602. [PMID: 31809149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient interfacing of individually trapped single atoms to a nanofiber cavity. The cavity is formed by fabricating photonic crystal structures directly on the nanofiber using femtosecond laser ablation. The single atoms are interfaced to the nanofiber cavity using an optical tweezer based side-illumination trapping scheme. We show that the fluorescence of individual single atoms trapped on the nanofiber cavity can be readily observed in real-time through the fiber guided modes. From the photon statistics measured for different cavity decay rates, the effective coupling rate of the atom-cavity interface is estimated to be 34±2 MHz. This yields a cooperativity of 5.4±0.6 (Purcell factor=6.4±0.6) and a cavity enhanced channeling efficiency as high as 85±2% for a cavity mode with a finesse of 140. The trap lifetime is measured to be 52±5 ms. These results may open new possibilities for deterministic preparation of single atom events for quantum photonics applications on an all-fiber platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali P Nayak
- Center for Photonic Innovations and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Photonic Innovations and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585
| | - Jameesh Keloth
- Center for Photonic Innovations and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585
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18
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Bruno N, Bianchet LC, Prakash V, Li N, Alves N, Mitchell MW. Maltese cross coupling to individual cold atoms in free space. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31042-31052. [PMID: 31684344 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the simultaneous observation from four directions of the fluorescence of single 87Rb atoms trapped at the common focus of four high numerical aperture (NA=0.5) aspheric lenses. We use an interferometrically-guided pick-and-place technique to precisely and stably position the lenses along the four cardinal directions with their foci at a single central point. The geometry gives right angle access to a single quantum emitter, and will enable new trapping, excitation, and collection methods. The fluorescence signals indicate both sub-Poissonian atom number statistics and photon anti-bunching, showing suitability for cold atom quantum optics.
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19
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Ruelle T, Poggio M, Braakman F. Optimized single-shot laser ablation of concave mirror templates on optical fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:3784-3789. [PMID: 31158191 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We realize mirror templates on the tips of optical fibers using a single-shot CO2 laser ablation procedure and perform a systematic study of the influence of the pulse power, pulse duration, and laser spot size on their geometry. This investigation provides new insights into CO2 laser ablation of optical fibers and should help improve current models. We notably find that the radius of curvature, depth, and diameter of the templates exhibit extrema as a function of the power and duration of the ablation pulse, and observe that compound convex-concave shapes can be obtained. We additionally identify regimes of ablation parameters that lead to mirror templates with favorable geometries for use in cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics.
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20
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Barrett TD, Barter O, Stuart D, Yuen B, Kuhn A. Polarization Oscillations in Birefringent Emitter-Cavity Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:083602. [PMID: 30932599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the effects of resonator birefringence on the cavity-enhanced interfacing of quantum states of light and matter, including the first observation of single photons with a time-dependent polarization state that evolves within their coherence time. A theoretical model is introduced and experimentally verified by the modified polarization of temporally long single photons emitted from a ^{87}Rb atom coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity by a vacuum-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process. Further theoretical investigation shows how a change in cavity birefringence can both impact the atom-cavity coupling and engender starkly different polarization behavior in the emitted photons. With polarization a key resource for encoding quantum states of light and modern micron-scale cavities particularly prone to birefringence, the consideration of these effects is vital to the faithful realization of efficient and coherent emitter-photon interfaces for distributed quantum networking and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Barrett
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Barter
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Dustin Stuart
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Yuen
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Kuhn
- University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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