Resolving puzzles of the phase-transformation-based mechanism of the strong deep-focus earthquake.
Nat Commun 2022;
13:6291. [PMID:
36273002 PMCID:
PMC9588062 DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-33802-y]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-focus earthquakes that occur at 350–660 km are assumed to be caused by olivine → spinel phase transformation (PT). However, there are many existing puzzles: (a) What are the mechanisms for jump from geological 10−17 − 10−15 s−1 to seismic 10 − 103 s−1 strain rates? Is it possible without PT? (b) How does metastable olivine, which does not completely transform to spinel for over a million years, suddenly transform during seconds? (c) How to connect shear-dominated seismic signals with volume-change-dominated PT strain? Here, we introduce a combination of several novel concepts that resolve the above puzzles quantitatively. We treat the transformation in olivine like plastic strain-induced (instead of pressure/stress-induced) and find an analytical 3D solution for coupled deformation-transformation-heating in a shear band. This solution predicts conditions for severe (singular) transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and self-blown-up deformation-transformation-heating process due to positive thermomechanochemical feedback between TRIP and strain-induced transformation. This process leads to temperature in a band, above which the self-blown-up shear-heating process in the shear band occurs after finishing the PT. Our findings change the main concepts in studying the initiation of the deep-focus earthquakes and PTs during plastic flow in geophysics in general.
The developed theory for coupled deformation, plastic strain-induced phase transformation, transformation-induced plasticity, and self-blown-up deformation-transformation-heating in shear band explains the main puzzles of deep-focus earthquakes.
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