1
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Richard L, Sorriso-Valvo L, Yordanova E, Graham DB, Khotyaintsev YV. Turbulence in Magnetic Reconnection Jets from Injection to Sub-Ion Scales. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:105201. [PMID: 38518330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
We investigate turbulence in magnetic reconnection jets in the Earth's magnetotail using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. We show that signatures of a limited inertial range are observed in many reconnection jets. The observed turbulence develops on the timescale of a few ion gyroperiods, resulting in intermittent multifractal energy cascade from the characteristic scale of the jet down to the ion scales. We show that at sub-ion scales, the fluctuations are close to monofractal and predominantly kinetic Alfvén waves. The observed energy transfer rate across the inertial range is ∼10^{8} J kg^{-1} s^{-1}, which is the largest reported for space plasmas so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Richard
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Space and Plasma Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Luca Sorriso-Valvo
- CNR/ISTP-Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, 70126 Bari, Italy; Space and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden; and Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala 751 21, Sweden
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2
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Manzini D, Sahraoui F, Califano F, Ferrand R. Local energy transfer and dissipation in incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: The coarse-graining approach. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:035202. [PMID: 36266803 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.035202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We derive the coarse-graining (CG) equations of incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamic (HMHD) turbulence to investigate the local (in space) energy transfer rate as a function of the filtering scale ℓ. First, the CG equations are space averaged to obtain the analytical expression of the mean cascade rate. Its application to three-dimensional simulations of (weakly compressible) HMHD shows a cascade rate consistent with the value of the mean dissipation rate in the simulations and with the classical estimates based on the "third-order" law. Furthermore, we developed an anisotropic version of CG that allows us to study the magnitude of the cascade rate along different directions with respect to the mean magnetic field. Its implementation on the numerical data with moderate background magnetic field shows a weaker cascade along the magnetic field than in the perpendicular plane, while an isotropic cascade is recovered in the absence of a background field. The strength of the CG approach is further revealed when considering the local-in-space energy transfer, which is shown theoretically and numerically to match at a given position x, when locally averaged over a neighboring region, the (quasi-)local dissipation. Prospects of exploiting this model to investigate local dissipation in spacecraft data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manzini
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, Observatoire de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, Observatoire de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Califano
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Ferrand
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, Observatoire de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Simon P, Sahraoui F. Exact law for compressible pressure-anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: Toward linking energy cascade and instabilities. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:055111. [PMID: 35706285 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.055111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We derive an exact law for compressible pressure-anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. For a gyrotropic pressure tensor, we study the double-adiabatic case and show the presence of new flux and source terms in the exact law, reminiscent of the plasma instability conditions due to pressure anisotropy. The Hall term is shown to bring ion-scale corrections to the exact law without affecting explicitly the pressure terms. In the pressure isotropy limit we recover all known results obtained for isothermal and polytropic closures. The incompressible limit of the gyrotropic system leads to a generalization of the Politano and Pouquet's law where a new incompressible source term is revealed and reflects exchanges of the magnetic and kinetic energies with the no-longer-conserved internal energy. We highlight the possibilities offered by the new laws to investigate potential links between turbulence cascade and instabilities widely observed in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Simon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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4
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Pouquet A, Yokoi N. Helical fluid and (Hall)-MHD turbulence: a brief review. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210087. [PMID: 35094555 PMCID: PMC8802037 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Helicity, a measure of the breakage of reflectional symmetry representing the topology of turbulent flows, contributes in a crucial way to their dynamics and to their fundamental statistical properties. We review several of their main features, both new and old, such as the discovery of bi-directional cascades or the role of helical vortices in the enhancement of large-scale magnetic fields in the dynamo problem. The dynamical contribution in magnetohydrodynamic of the cross-correlation between velocity and induction is discussed as well. We consider next how turbulent transport is affected by helical constraints, in particular in the context of magnetic reconnection and fusion plasmas under one- and two-fluid approximations. Central issues on how to construct turbulence models for non-reflectionally symmetric helical flows are reviewed, including in the presence of shear, and we finally briefly mention the possible role of helicity in the development of strongly localized quasi-singular structures at small scale. This article is part of the theme issue 'Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Pouquet
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303 CO, USA
| | - Nobumitsu Yokoi
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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5
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Carbone F, Telloni D, Zank G, Sorriso-Valvo L. Transition to turbulence in a five-mode Galerkin truncation of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:025201. [PMID: 34525508 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.025201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The chaotic dynamics of a low-order Galerkin truncation of the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic system, which reproduces the dynamics of fluctuations described by nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamic in the plane perpendicular to a background magnetic field, is investigated by increasing the external forcing terms. Although this is the case closest to two-dimensional hydrodynamics, which shares some aspects with the classical Feigenbaum scenario of transition to chaos, the presence of magnetic fluctuations yields a very complex interesting route to chaos, characterized by the splitting into multiharmonic structures of the field amplitudes, and a mixing of phase-locking and free phase precession acting intermittently. When the background magnetic field lies in the plane, the system supports the presence of Alfvén waves thus lowering the nonlinear interactions. Interestingly enough, the dynamics critically depends on the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the reference system of the wave vectors. Above a certain critical angle, independently from the external forcing, a breakdown of the phase locking appears, accompanied with a suppression of the chaotic dynamics, replaced by a simple periodic motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carbone
- National Research Council - Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, C/o University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Daniele Telloni
- National Institute for Astrophysics - Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Gary Zank
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA and Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Luca Sorriso-Valvo
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Ångström Laboratory, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden and CNR, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
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6
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Verscharen D, Wicks RT, Alexandrova O, Bruno R, Burgess D, Chen CHK, D’Amicis R, De Keyser J, de Wit TD, Franci L, He J, Henri P, Kasahara S, Khotyaintsev Y, Klein KG, Lavraud B, Maruca BA, Maksimovic M, Plaschke F, Poedts S, Reynolds CS, Roberts O, Sahraoui F, Saito S, Salem CS, Saur J, Servidio S, Stawarz JE, Štverák Š, Told D. A Case for Electron-Astrophysics. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2021; 54:473-519. [PMID: 36915623 PMCID: PMC9998602 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The smallest characteristic scales, at which electron dynamics determines the plasma behaviour, are the next frontier in space and astrophysical plasma research. The analysis of astrophysical processes at these scales lies at the heart of the research theme of electron-astrophysics. Electron scales are the ultimate bottleneck for dissipation of plasma turbulence, which is a fundamental process not understood in the electron-kinetic regime. In addition, plasma electrons often play an important role for the spatial transfer of thermal energy due to the high heat flux associated with their velocity distribution. The regulation of this electron heat flux is likewise not understood. By focussing on these and other fundamental electron processes, the research theme of electron-astrophysics links outstanding science questions of great importance to the fields of space physics, astrophysics, and laboratory plasma physics. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 call, we review a selection of these outstanding questions, discuss their importance, and present a roadmap for answering them through novel space-mission concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Verscharen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
- Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - Robert T. Wicks
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, UK
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Olga Alexandrova
- Laboratoire d’Études Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Bruno
- Instituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Rome, Italy
| | - David Burgess
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Johan De Keyser
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Dudok de Wit
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environment et de l’Espace, CNRS, University of Orléans and CNES, Orléans, France
| | - Luca Franci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jiansen He
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pierre Henri
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environment et de l’Espace, CNRS, University of Orléans and CNES, Orléans, France
- CNRS, UCA, OCA, Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - Satoshi Kasahara
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kristopher G. Klein
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Benoit Lavraud
- Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac, France
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, UPS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bennett A. Maruca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Milan Maksimovic
- Laboratoire d’Études Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris, France
| | | | - Stefaan Poedts
- Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Physics, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Owen Roberts
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Fouad Sahraoui
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Paris Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Shinji Saito
- Space Environment Laboratory, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chadi S. Salem
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Joachim Saur
- Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sergio Servidio
- Department of Physics, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Štěpán Štverák
- Astronomical Institute and Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Told
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching, Germany
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7
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Cael BB, Mashayek A. Log-Skew-Normality of Ocean Turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:224502. [PMID: 34152160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.224502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The statistics of intermittent ocean turbulence is the key link between physical understanding of turbulence and its global implications. The log-normal distribution is the standard but imperfect assumed distribution for the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. We argue that as turbulence is often generated by multiple changing sources, a log-skew-normal (LSN) distribution is more appropriate. We show the LSN distribution agrees excellently and robustly with observations. The heavy tail of the LSN distribution has important implications for sampling of turbulence in terrestrial and extraterrestrial analogous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Cael
- National Oceanography Centre, Cael SO14 3ZH, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Mashayek
- Imperial College, Mashayek SW7 2BB, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Bowen TA, Mallet A, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Case AW, Chandran BDG, Chasapis A, Chen CHK, Duan D, Dudok de Wit T, Goetz K, Halekas JS, Harvey PR, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Larson D, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, McManus MD, Pulupa M, Stevens M, Whittlesey P. Constraining Ion-Scale Heating and Spectral Energy Transfer in Observations of Plasma Turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:025102. [PMID: 32701332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.025102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We perform a statistical study of the turbulent power spectrum at inertial and kinetic scales observed during the first perihelion encounter of the Parker Solar Probe. We find that often there is an extremely steep scaling range of the power spectrum just above the ion-kinetic scales, similar to prior observations at 1 A.U., with a power-law index of around -4. Based on our measurements, we demonstrate that either a significant (>50%) fraction of the total turbulent energy flux is dissipated in this range of scales, or the characteristic nonlinear interaction time of the turbulence decreases dramatically from the expectation based solely on the dispersive nature of nonlinearly interacting kinetic Alfvén waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Bowen
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Alfred Mallet
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Stuart D Bale
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - J W Bonnell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Anthony W Case
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin D G Chandran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
- Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Alexandros Chasapis
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Christopher H K Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Die Duan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Thierry Dudok de Wit
- LPC2E, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Keith Goetz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jasper S Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Peter R Harvey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - J C Kasper
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kelly E Korreck
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Davin Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Roberto Livi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Robert J MacDowall
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - David M Malaspina
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael D McManus
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Marc Pulupa
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Michael Stevens
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Phyllis Whittlesey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
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9
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Bandyopadhyay R, Sorriso-Valvo L, Chasapis A, Hellinger P, Matthaeus WH, Verdini A, Landi S, Franci L, Matteini L, Giles BL, Gershman DJ, Moore TE, Pollock CJ, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ, Torbert RB, Burch JL. In Situ Observation of Hall Magnetohydrodynamic Cascade in Space Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:225101. [PMID: 32567898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.225101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present estimates of the turbulent energy-cascade rate derived from a Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) third-order law. We compute the contribution from the Hall term and the MHD term to the energy flux. Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data accumulated in the magnetosheath and the solar wind are compared with previously established simulation results. Consistent with the simulations, we find that at large (MHD) scales, the MMS observations exhibit a clear inertial range dominated by the MHD flux. In the subion range, the cascade continues at a diminished level via the Hall term, and the change becomes more pronounced as the plasma beta increases. Additionally, the MHD contribution to interscale energy transfer remains important at smaller scales than previously thought. Possible reasons are offered for this unanticipated result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Luca Sorriso-Valvo
- Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 170517 Quito, Ecuador and Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 87036 Bari, Italy
| | - Alexandros Chasapis
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Petr Hellinger
- Astronomical Institute, CAS, Bocni II/1401, CZ-14100 Prague, Czech Republic and Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Bocni II/1401, CZ-14100 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - William H Matthaeus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA and Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Andrea Verdini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, 50125 Firenze, Italy and INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, 50125 Firenze, Italy and INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Franci
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom and INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Matteini
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France and INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara L Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Moore
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roy B Torbert
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - James L Burch
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238-5166, USA
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10
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Qiu H, Zhou Z, Peng X, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Xiao D, Bao H, Xu T, Zhang J, Huang T, Zhou J, Ming Z, Xiang P, Yang H, Wang X, Wu D, Ncst Team. Initial measurement of electron nonextensive parameter with electric probe. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:043206. [PMID: 32422841 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.043206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical analysis and a large number of experiments have proved that plasma components do not satisfy Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics and can be well described by nonextensive statistical mechanics, while new plasma parameters, electron nonextensive parameters, which are introduced to describe the nonextensive properties of plasma, cannot be diagnosed yet. Here we show measurement of electron nonextensive parameters of plasma with a nonextensive single electric probe. Our results show that nonextensive electric probe may play a role in plasma diagnosis, measuring nonextensivity of plasma and improving diagnostic accuracy of other plasma parameters. We expect the proposed nonextensive single electric probe can be starting point of more complex nonextensive electric probe. In addition, nonextensive electric probe is an important means to study various plasma waves and instability, turbulence, and anomalous transport, and a definite and quantitative test of the theory of nonextensive geodetic acoustic models will be relevant to such development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Qiu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xingkun Peng
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianyang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Donghua Xiao
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haifeng Bao
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tianling Xu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tianhui Huang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinmao Zhou
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhiyi Ming
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Pengfei Xiang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ncst Team
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, JiangXi, Nanchang 330031, China and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330031, China
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Coupling Large Eddies and Waves in Turbulence: Case Study of Magnetic Helicity at the Ion Inertial Scale. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In turbulence, for neutral or conducting fluids, a large ratio of scales is excited because of the possible occurrence of inverse cascades to large, global scales together with direct cascades to small, dissipative scales, as observed in the atmosphere and oceans, or in the solar environment. In this context, using direct numerical simulations with forcing, we analyze scale dynamics in the presence of magnetic fields with a generalized Ohm’s law including a Hall current. The ion inertial length ϵ H serves as the control parameter at fixed Reynolds number. Both the magnetic and generalized helicity—invariants in the ideal case—grow linearly with time, as expected from classical arguments. The cross-correlation between the velocity and magnetic field grows as well, more so in relative terms for a stronger Hall current. We find that the helical growth rates vary exponentially with ϵ H , provided the ion inertial scale resides within the inverse cascade range. These exponential variations are recovered phenomenologically using simple scaling arguments. They are directly linked to the wavenumber power-law dependence of generalized and magnetic helicity, ∼ k − 2 , in their inverse ranges. This illustrates and confirms the important role of the interplay between large and small scales in the dynamics of turbulent flows.
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