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Lin R, Ramires A, Chitra R. Decoding the Drive-Bath Interplay: A Guideline to Enhance Superconductivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:086001. [PMID: 39241739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.086001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Driven-dissipative physics lie at the core of quantum optics. However, the full interplay between a driven quantum many-body system and its environment remains relatively unexplored in the solid state realm. In this Letter, we inspect this interplay beyond the commonly employed stroboscopic Hamiltonian picture based on the specific example of a driven superconductor. Using the Shirley-Floquet and Keldysh formalisms as well as a generalization of the notion of superconducting fitness to the driven case, we show how a drive which anticommutes with the superconducting gap operator generically induces an unusual particle-hole structure in the spectral functions from the perspective of the thermal bath. Concomitant with a driving frequency which is near resonant with the intrinsic cutoff frequency of the underlying interaction, this spectral structure can be harnessed to enhance the superconducting transition temperature. Our work paves the way for further studies for driven-dissipative engineering of exotic phases of matter in solid-state systems.
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Murakami Y, Takayoshi S, Kaneko T, Läuchli AM, Werner P. Spin, Charge, and η-Spin Separation in One-Dimensional Photodoped Mott Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106501. [PMID: 36962025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We show that effectively cold metastable states in one-dimensional photodoped Mott insulators described by the extended Hubbard model exhibit spin, charge, and η-spin separation. Their wave functions in the large on-site Coulomb interaction limit can be expressed as |Ψ⟩=|Ψ_{charge}⟩|Ψ_{spin}⟩|Ψ_{η-spin}⟩, which is analogous to the Ogata-Shiba states of the doped Hubbard model in equilibrium. Here, the η-spin represents the type of photo-generated pseudoparticles (doublon or holon). |Ψ_{charge}⟩ is determined by spinless free fermions, |Ψ_{spin}⟩ by the isotropic Heisenberg model in the squeezed spin space, and |Ψ_{η-spin}⟩ by the XXZ model in the squeezed η-spin space. In particular, the metastable η-pairing and charge-density-wave (CDW) states correspond to the gapless and gapful states of the XXZ model. The specific form of the wave function allows us to accurately determine the exponents of correlation functions. The form also suggests that the central charge of the η-pairing state is 3 and that of the CDW phase is 2, which we numerically confirm. Our study provides analytic and intuitive insights into the correlations between active degrees of freedom in photodoped strongly correlated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Murakami
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Kaneko
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Andreas M Läuchli
- Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Baykusheva DR, Kalthoff MH, Hofmann D, Claassen M, Kennes DM, Sentef MA, Mitrano M. Witnessing Nonequilibrium Entanglement Dynamics in a Strongly Correlated Fermionic Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106902. [PMID: 36962013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many-body entanglement in condensed matter systems can be diagnosed from equilibrium response functions through the use of entanglement witnesses and operator-specific quantum bounds. Here, we investigate the applicability of this approach for detecting entangled states in quantum systems driven out of equilibrium. We use a multipartite entanglement witness, the quantum Fisher information, to study the dynamics of a paradigmatic fermion chain undergoing a time-dependent change of the Coulomb interaction. Our results show that the quantum Fisher information is able to witness distinct signatures of multipartite entanglement both near and far from equilibrium that are robust against decoherence. We discuss implications of these findings for probing entanglement in light-driven quantum materials with time-resolved optical and x-ray scattering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona H Kalthoff
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Damian Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Claassen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Mitrano
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Marino J, Eckstein M, Foster MS, Rey AM. Dynamical phase transitions in the collisionless pre-thermal states of isolated quantum systems: theory and experiments. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:116001. [PMID: 36075190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We overview the concept of dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) in isolated quantum systems quenched out of equilibrium. We focus on non-equilibrium transitions characterized by an order parameter, which features qualitatively distinct temporal behavior on the two sides of a certain dynamical critical point. DPTs are currently mostly understood as long-lived prethermal phenomena in a regime where inelastic collisions are incapable to thermalize the system. The latter enables the dynamics to substain phases that explicitly break detailed balance and therefore cannot be encompassed by traditional thermodynamics. Our presentation covers both cold atoms as well as condensed matter systems. We revisit a broad plethora of platforms exhibiting pre-thermal DPTs, which become theoretically tractable in a certain limit, such as for a large number of particles, large number of order parameter components, or large spatial dimension. The systems we explore include, among others, quantum magnets with collective interactions,ϕ4quantum field theories, and Fermi-Hubbard models. A section dedicated to experimental explorations of DPTs in condensed matter and AMO systems connects this large variety of theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamir Marino
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew S Foster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics,University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
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Nakamura K, Tanimura Y. Optical response of laser-driven charge-transfer complex described by Holstein-Hubbard model coupled to heat baths: Hierarchical equations of motion approach. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:064106. [PMID: 34391366 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the optical response of a charge-transfer complex in a condensed phase driven by an external laser field. Our model includes an instantaneous short-range Coulomb interaction and a local optical vibrational mode described by the Holstein-Hubbard (HH) model. Although characterization of the HH model for a bulk system has typically been conducted using a complex phase diagram, this approach is not sufficient for investigations of dynamical behavior at finite temperature, in particular for studies of nonlinear optical properties, where the time irreversibility of the dynamics that arises from the environment becomes significant. We therefore include heat baths with infinite heat capacity in the model to introduce thermal effects characterized by fluctuation and dissipation to the system dynamics. By reducing the number of degrees of freedom of the heat baths, we derive numerically "exact" hierarchical equations of motion for the reduced density matrix of the HH system. As demonstrations, we calculate the optical response of the system in two- and four-site cases under external electric fields. The results indicate that the effective strength of the system-bath coupling becomes large as the number of sites increases. Excitation of electrons promotes the conductivity when the Coulomb repulsion is equivalent to or dominates the electron-phonon coupling, whereas excitation of optical vibrations always suppresses the conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Li J, Eckstein M. Manipulating Intertwined Orders in Solids with Quantum Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:217402. [PMID: 33275019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intertwined orders exist ubiquitously in strongly correlated electronic systems and lead to intriguing phenomena in quantum materials. In this Letter, we explore the unique opportunity of manipulating intertwined orders through entangling electronic states with quantum light. Using a quantum Floquet formalism to study the cavity-mediated interaction, we show the vacuum fluctuations effectively enhance the charge-density-wave correlation, giving rise to a phase with entangled electronic order and photon coherence, with putative superradiant behaviors in the thermodynamic limit. Furthermore, upon injecting even one single photon in the cavity, different orders, including s-wave and η-paired superconductivity, can be selectively enhanced. Our study suggests a new and generalizable pathway to control intertwined orders and create light-matter entanglement in quantum materials. The mechanism and methodology can be readily generalized to more complicated scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Li
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Innerberger M, Worm P, Prauhart P, Kauch A. Electron-light interaction in nonequilibrium: exact diagonalization for time-dependent Hubbard Hamiltonians. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2020; 135:922. [PMID: 33240742 PMCID: PMC7677296 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a straightforward implementation scheme for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for systems described by the Hubbard Hamiltonian with time-dependent hoppings. The computations can be performed for clusters of up to 14 sites with, in principle, general geometry. For the time evolution, we use the exponential midpoint rule, where the exponentials are computed via a Krylov subspace method, which only uses matrix-vector multiplication. The presented implementation uses standard libraries for constructing sparse matrices and for linear algebra. Therefore, the approach is easy to use on both desktop computers and computational clusters. We apply the method to calculate time evolution of double occupation and nonequilibrium spectral function of a photo-excited Mott-insulator. The results show that not only the double occupation increases due to creation of electron-hole pairs but also the Mott gap becomes partially filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Innerberger
- Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Paul Worm
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Paul Prauhart
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Anna Kauch
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria
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Tindall J, Schlawin F, Buzzi M, Nicoletti D, Coulthard JR, Gao H, Cavalleri A, Sentef MA, Jaksch D. Dynamical Order and Superconductivity in a Frustrated Many-Body System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:137001. [PMID: 33034466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.137001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In triangular lattice structures, spatial anisotropy and frustration can lead to rich equilibrium phase diagrams with regions containing complex, highly entangled states of matter. In this work, we study the driven two-rung triangular Hubbard model and evolve these states out of equilibrium, observing how the interplay between the driving and the initial state unexpectedly shuts down the particle-hole excitation pathway. This restriction, which symmetry arguments fail to predict, dictates the transient dynamics of the system, causing the available particle-hole degrees of freedom to manifest uniform long-range order. We discuss implications of our results for a recent experiment on photoinduced superconductivity in κ-(BEDT-TTF)_{2}Cu[N(CN)_{2}]Br molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tindall
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - F Schlawin
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Nicoletti
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J R Coulthard
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - H Gao
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Cavalleri
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - D Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
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9
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Rausch R, Potthoff M, Kawakami N. Magnetic Doublon Bound States in the Kondo Lattice Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:216401. [PMID: 31809148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.216401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel pairing mechanism for electrons, mediated by magnons. These paired bound states are termed "magnetic doublons." Applying numerically exact techniques (full diagonalization and the density-matrix renormalization group, DMRG) to the Kondo lattice model at strong exchange coupling J for different fillings and magnetic configurations, we demonstrate that magnetic doublon excitations exist as composite objects with very weak dispersion. They are highly stable, support a novel "inverse" colossal magnetoresistance and potentially other effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Rausch
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Michael Potthoff
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 9, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Tindall J, Buča B, Coulthard JR, Jaksch D. Heating-Induced Long-Range η Pairing in the Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:030603. [PMID: 31386476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show how, upon heating the spin degrees of freedom of the Hubbard model to infinite temperature, the symmetries of the system allow the creation of steady states with long-range correlations between η pairs. We induce this heating with either dissipation or periodic driving and evolve the system towards a nonequilibrium steady state, a process which melts all spin order in the system. The steady state is identical in both cases and displays distance-invariant off-diagonal η correlations. These correlations were first recognized in the superconducting eigenstates described in Yang's seminal Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2144 (1989)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.63.2144], which are a subset of our steady states. We show that our results are a consequence of symmetry properties and entirely independent of the microscopic details of the model and the heating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tindall
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Buča
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J R Coulthard
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543
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