1
|
Waleska NJ, Düll F, Bachmann P, Hemauer F, Steinhauer J, Papp C. Reactivity and Passivation of Fe Nanoclusters on h-BN/Rh(111). Chemistry 2021; 27:17087-17093. [PMID: 34342077 PMCID: PMC9290904 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iron nanocluster arrays on h‐BN/Rh(111) was studied using in situ high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and reactivity of the iron nanoclusters (Fe‐NCs) were investigated by CO adsorption. On‐top and hollow/edge sites were determined to be the available adsorption sites on the as‐prepared Fe‐NCs and CO dissociation was observed at 300 K. C‐ and O‐precovered Fe‐NCs showed no catalytic activity towards CO dissociation because the hollow/edge sites were blocked by the C and O atoms. Therefore, these adsorption sites were identified to be the most active sites of the Fe‐NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Waleska
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Hemauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hartl T, Will M, Čapeta D, Singh R, Scheinecker D, Boix de la Cruz V, Dellmann S, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Senkovskiy BV, Grüneis A, Kralj M, Knudsen J, Kotakoski J, Michely T, Bampoulis P. Cluster Superlattice Membranes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13629-13637. [PMID: 32910634 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cluster superlattice membranes consist of a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of similar-sized nanoclusters sandwiched between single-crystal graphene and an amorphous carbon matrix. The fabrication process involves three main steps, the templated self-organization of a metal cluster superlattice on epitaxial graphene on Ir(111), conformal embedding in an amorphous carbon matrix, and subsequent lift-off from the Ir(111) substrate. The mechanical stability provided by the carbon-graphene matrix makes the membrane stable as a free-standing material and enables transfer to other substrates. The fabrication procedure can be applied to a wide variety of cluster materials and cluster sizes from the single-atom limit to clusters of a few hundred atoms, as well as other two-dimensional layer/host matrix combinations. The versatility of the membrane composition, its mechanical stability, and the simplicity of the transfer procedure make cluster superlattice membranes a promising material in catalysis, magnetism, energy conversion, and optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hartl
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Moritz Will
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Davor Čapeta
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Scheinecker
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Virginia Boix de la Cruz
- MAX IV Laboratory and Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophia Dellmann
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Boris V Senkovskiy
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Alexander Grüneis
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Marko Kralj
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Knudsen
- MAX IV Laboratory and Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Michely
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Pantelis Bampoulis
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amodeo J, Pietrucci F, Lam J. Out-of-Equilibrium Polymorph Selection in Nanoparticle Freezing. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8060-8066. [PMID: 32880462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to design synthesis processes that are out of equilibrium has opened the possibility of creating nanomaterials with remarkable physicochemical properties, choosing from a much richer palette of possible atomic architectures compared to equilibrium processes in extended systems. In this work, we employ atomistic simulations to demonstrate how to control polymorph selection via the cooling rate during nanoparticle freezing in the case of Ni3Al, a material with a rich structural landscape. State-of-the-art free-energy calculations allow us to rationalize the complex nucleation process, discovering a switch between two kinetic pathways, yielding the equilibrium structure at room temperature and an alternative metastable one at higher temperature. Our findings address the key challenge in the synthesis of nanoalloys for technological applications, i.e., rationally exploiting the competition between kinetics and thermodynamics by designing a treatment history that forces the system into desirable metastable states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Amodeo
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS, UMR 5510 CNRS, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabio Pietrucci
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7590, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Lam
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Code Postal 231, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao D, Zhuang Z, Cao X, Zhang C, Peng Q, Chen C, Li Y. Atomic site electrocatalysts for water splitting, oxygen reduction and selective oxidation. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2215-2264. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarized the fabrication routes and characterization methods of atomic site electrocatalysts (ASCs) followed by their applications for water splitting, oxygen reduction and selective oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zewen Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Will M, Bampoulis P, Hartl T, Valerius P, Michely T. Conformal Embedding of Cluster Superlattices with Carbon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40524-40532. [PMID: 31588723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iridium cluster superlattices on the graphene moiré with Ir(111) are embedded with elemental carbon through vapor-phase deposition. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we find that carbon embedding is conformal and does not deteriorate the excellent order of the iridium clusters. The thermal and mechanical stability of the embedded clusters is greatly enhanced. Smoluchowski ripening as well as cluster pick-up by the scanning tunneling microscopy tip are both suppressed. The only cluster decay path left takes place at an elevated temperature of around 1050 K. The cluster material penetrates through the graphene sheet, whereby it becomes bound to the underlying metal. It is argued that conformal carbon embedding is an important step towards the formation of a new type of sintering-resistant cluster lattice material for nanocatalysis and nanomagnetism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Will
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Pantelis Bampoulis
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Tobias Hartl
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Philipp Valerius
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| | - Thomas Michely
- II. Physikalisches Institut , Universität zu Köln , Cologne D-50937 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|