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Wang CG, Xu W, Li C, Shi L, Jiang J, Guo T, Yue WC, Li T, Zhang P, Lyu YY, Pan J, Deng X, Dong Y, Tu X, Dong S, Cao C, Zhang L, Jia X, Sun G, Kang L, Chen J, Wang YL, Wang H, Wu P. Integrated and DC-powered superconducting microcomb. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4009. [PMID: 38740761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wuyue Xu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junliang Jiang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Yue
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Lyu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xiuhao Deng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Dong
- College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuecou Tu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Sining Dong
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhai Cao
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Labao Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Huabing Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Bartolomei H, Bisognin R, Kamata H, Berroir JM, Bocquillon E, Ménard G, Plaçais B, Cavanna A, Gennser U, Jin Y, Degiovanni P, Mora C, Fève G. Observation of Edge Magnetoplasmon Squeezing in a Quantum Hall Conductor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106201. [PMID: 36962050 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Squeezing of the quadratures of the electromagnetic field has been extensively studied in optics and microwaves. However, previous works focused on the generation of squeezed states in a low impedance (Z_{0}≈50 Ω) environment. We report here on the demonstration of the squeezing of bosonic edge magnetoplasmon modes in a quantum Hall conductor whose characteristic impedance is set by the quantum of resistance (R_{K}≈25 kΩ), offering the possibility of an enhanced coupling to low-dimensional quantum conductors. By applying a combination of dc and ac drives to a quantum point contact, we demonstrate squeezing and observe a noise reduction 18% below the vacuum fluctuations. This level of squeezing can be improved by using more complex conductors, such as ac driven quantum dots or mesoscopic capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bartolomei
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Bisognin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - H Kamata
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J-M Berroir
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - E Bocquillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln
| | - G Ménard
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - B Plaçais
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Cavanna
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - U Gennser
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Y Jin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Degiovanni
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - C Mora
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - G Fève
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
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3
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Circuit quantum electrodynamics with dressed states of a superconducting artificial atom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22308. [PMID: 36566268 PMCID: PMC9789979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamical control of the coupling strengths between dressed states and probe photon states is demonstrated with a transmon-like artificial atom coupled to two closely spaced resonant modes. When the atom is driven with one mode, the atom state and driving photon states form the so-called dressed states. Dressed states with sideband index up to 3 were prepared and probed via the strong coupling to the other resonant mode. Spectroscopy reveals that the coupling strengths are "dressed" and can be modulated by the power and sideband index of the driving. The transmission of the probe tone is modulated by the driving microwave amplitude with a Bessel behavior, displaying multi-photon process associated with the inter-atomic level transitions.
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Aiello G, Féchant M, Morvan A, Basset J, Aprili M, Gabelli J, Estève J. Quantum bath engineering of a high impedance microwave mode through quasiparticle tunneling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7146. [PMID: 36414638 PMCID: PMC9681747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In microwave quantum optics, dissipation usually corresponds to quantum jumps, where photons are lost one by one. Here we demonstrate a new approach to dissipation engineering. By coupling a high impedance microwave resonator to a tunnel junction, we use the photoassisted tunneling of quasiparticles as a tunable dissipative process. We are able to adjust the minimum number of lost photons per tunneling event to be one, two or more, through a dc voltage. Consequently, different Fock states of the resonator experience different loss processes. Causality then implies that each state experiences a different energy (Lamb) shift, as confirmed experimentally. This photoassisted tunneling process is analogous to a photoelectric effect, which requires a quantum description of light to be quantitatively understood. This work opens up new possibilities for quantum state manipulation in superconducting circuits, which do not rely on the Josephson effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Aiello
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Féchant
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alexis Morvan
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Basset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marco Aprili
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Gabelli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Estève
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France.
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5
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Liu C, Mucci M, Cao X, Dutt MVG, Hatridge M, Pekker D. Proposal for a continuous wave laser with linewidth well below the standard quantum limit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5620. [PMID: 34556650 PMCID: PMC8460663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high coherence, lasers are ubiquitous tools in science. We show that by engineering the coupling between the gain medium and the laser cavity as well as the laser cavity and the output port, it is possible to eliminate most of the noise due to photons entering as well as leaving the laser cavity. Hence, it is possible to reduce the laser linewidth by a factor equal to the number of photons in the laser cavity below the standard quantum limit. We design and theoretically analyze a superconducting circuit that uses Josephson junctions, capacitors and inductors to implement a microwave laser, including the low-noise couplers that allow the design to surpass the standard quantum limit. Our proposal relies on the elements of superconducting quantum information, and thus is an example of how quantum engineering techniques can inspire us to re-imagine the limits of conventional quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Maria Mucci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - M V Gurudev Dutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Michael Hatridge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - David Pekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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6
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Schaeverbeke Q, Avriller R, Frederiksen T, Pistolesi F. Single-Photon Emission Mediated by Single-Electron Tunneling in Plasmonic Nanojunctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:246601. [PMID: 31922843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.246601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments reported single-molecule fluorescence induced by tunneling currents in the nanoplasmonic cavity formed by the STM tip and the substrate. The electric field of the cavity mode couples with the current-induced charge fluctuations of the molecule, allowing the excitation of photons. We investigate theoretically this system for the experimentally relevant limit of large damping rate κ for the cavity mode and arbitrary coupling strength to a single-electronic level. We find that for bias voltages close to the first inelastic threshold of photon emission, the emitted light displays antibunching behavior with vanishing second-order photon correlation function. At the same time, the current and the intensity of emitted light display Franck-Condon steps at multiples of the cavity frequency ω_{c} with a width controlled by κ rather than the temperature T. For large bias voltages, we predict strong photon bunching of the order of κ/Γ where Γ is the electronic tunneling rate. Our theory thus predicts that strong coupling to a single level allows current-driven nonclassical light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Schaeverbeke
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - R Avriller
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - T Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Pistolesi
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
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7
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Observation of quantum many-body effects due to zero point fluctuations in superconducting circuits. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5259. [PMID: 31748501 PMCID: PMC6868017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields possess zero point fluctuations which lead to observable effects such as the Lamb shift and the Casimir effect. In the traditional quantum optics domain, these corrections remain perturbative due to the smallness of the fine structure constant. To provide a direct observation of non-perturbative effects driven by zero point fluctuations in an open quantum system we wire a highly non-linear Josephson junction to a high impedance transmission line, allowing large phase fluctuations across the junction. Consequently, the resonance of the former acquires a relative frequency shift that is orders of magnitude larger than for natural atoms. Detailed modeling confirms that this renormalization is non-linear and quantum. Remarkably, the junction transfers its non-linearity to about thirty environmental modes, a striking back-action effect that transcends the standard Caldeira-Leggett paradigm. This work opens many exciting prospects for longstanding quests such as the tailoring of many-body Hamiltonians in the strongly non-linear regime, the observation of Bloch oscillations, or the development of high-impedance qubits. Advances in the design and fabrication of superconducting devices enable physicists to design and monitor quantum electronic systems in synthetic environments. Here the authors observe how many-body effects influence the zero-point motion of a Josephson junction coupled to a high impedance transmission line.
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