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Wu H, Gao XX, Zhang L, Bai GD, Cheng Q, Li L, Cui TJ. Harmonic information transitions of spatiotemporal metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:198. [PMID: 33318469 PMCID: PMC7736919 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Facilitated by ultrafast dynamic modulations, spatiotemporal metasurfaces have been identified as a pivotal platform for manipulating electromagnetic waves and creating exotic physical phenomena, such as dispersion cancellation, Lorentz reciprocity breakage, and Doppler illusions. Motivated by emerging information-oriented technologies, we hereby probe the information transition mechanisms induced by spatiotemporal variations and present a general model to characterize the information processing capabilities of the spatiotemporal metasurface. Group theory and abstract number theory are adopted through this investigation, by which the group extension and independent controls of multiple harmonics are proposed and demonstrated as two major tools for information transitions from the spatiotemporal domain to the spectra-wavevector domain. By incorporating Shannon's entropy theory into the proposed model, we further discover the corresponding information transition efficiencies and the upper bound of the channel capacity of the spatiotemporal metasurface. The results of harmonic information transitions show great potential in achieving high-capacity versatile information processing systems with spatiotemporal metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo Dong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China.
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