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Gandikota MC, Das S, Cacciuto A. Spontaneous crumpling of active spherical shells. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3635-3640. [PMID: 38619604 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The existence of a crumpled phase for self-avoiding elastic surfaces was postulated more than three decades ago using simple Flory-like scaling arguments. Despite much effort, its stability in a microscopic environment has been the subject of much debate. In this paper we show how a crumpled phase develops reliably and consistently upon subjecting a thin spherical shell to active fluctuations. We find a master curve describing how the relative volume of a shell changes with the strength of the active forces, that applies for every shell independent of size and elastic constants. Furthermore, we extract a general expression for the onset active force beyond which a shell begins to crumple. Finally, we calculate how the size exponent varies along the crumpling curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gandikota
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, NY 10027, New York, USA.
| | - Shibananda Das
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, NY 10027, New York, USA.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, NY 10027, New York, USA.
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2
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Zhu G, Gao L, Sun Y, Wei W, Yan LT. Non-equilibrium structural and dynamic behaviors of active polymers in complex and crowded environments. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:054601. [PMID: 38608453 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad3e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Active matter systems, which convert internal chemical energy or energy from the environment into directed motion, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a range of emerging non-equilibrium behaviors. However, most of the current works on active matter have been devoted to particles, and the study of active polymers has only recently come into the spotlight due to their prevalence within living organisms. The intricate interplay between activity and conformational degrees of freedom gives rise to novel structural and dynamical behaviors of active polymers. Research in active polymers remarkably broadens diverse concepts of polymer physics, such as molecular architecture, dynamics, scaling and so on, which is of significant importance for the development of new polymer materials with unique performance. Furthermore, active polymers are often found in strongly interacting and crowded systems and in complex environments, so that the understanding of this behavior is essential for future developments of novel polymer-based biomaterials. This review thereby focuses on the study of active polymers in complex and crowded environments, and aims to provide insights into the fundamental physics underlying the adaptive and collective behaviors far from equilibrium, as well as the open challenges that the field is currently facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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3
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Tan F, Yan R, Zhao C, Zhao N. Translocation Dynamics of an Active Filament through a Long-Length Scale Channel. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8603-8615. [PMID: 37782905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Active filament translocation through a confined space is crucial for diverse biological processes. By using Langevin dynamics simulations, we investigate the translocation dynamics of an axially self-propelled chain through a channel. First, results show a suggestive reciprocal scaling of translocation time versus active force. Second, in the case of a long channel, we demonstrate a very intriguing nonmonotonic change of translocation time with increasing channel width. The driving force shows a similar trend, providing a consistent picture to understand the unexpected channel width effect. In particular, in a moderately broad channel, the disordered chain conformation results in a loss of driving force and thus inhibits translocation dynamics. Chain adsorption might occur in a wide channel, which accounts for a facilitated translocation. Lastly, we connect the translocation process to tension propagation (TP). A modified TP picture is proposed to interpret the waiting time distribution. Our work highlights the new phenomenology owing to the crucial interplay of activity and spacial confinement, which drives the translocation dynamics, going beyond the traditional entropic barrier scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ran Yan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chaonan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Nanrong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Mao DJ, Qin CR, Tian WD. Kick effect of enzymes causes filament compression. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:284003. [PMID: 35477158 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6b09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of enzymes on the structure and dynamics of a filament by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Enzyme exerts a kick force on the filament monomer. We pay particular attention to two factors: the magnitude of kick force and enzyme concentration. Large kick force as well as high enzyme concentration prefers a remarkable compression of the filament reminiscent of the effective depletion interaction owing to an effective increase in enzyme size and the reduction of solvent quality. Additionally, the kick effect gives rise to an increase of enzyme density from the center-of-mass of the filament to its periphery. Moreover, the increase of enzyme concentration and kick force also causes a decrease in relaxation time. Our finding is helpful to understand the role of catalytic force in chemo-mechano-biological function and the filament behavior under chemical reaction via kick-induced change of solvent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Jian Mao
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ran Qin
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
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5
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Gandikota MC, Cacciuto A. Effective forces between active polymers. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034503. [PMID: 35428068 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of the interactions between two fully flexible self-avoiding polymers is one of the classic and most important problems in polymer physics. In this paper we measure these interactions in the presence of active fluctuations. We introduce activity into the problem using two of the most popular models in this field, one where activity is effectively embedded into the monomers' dynamics, and the other where passive polymers fluctuate in an explicit bath of active particles. We establish the conditions under which the interaction between active polymers can be mapped into the classical passive problem. We observe that the active bath can drive the development of strong attractive interactions between the polymers and that, upon enforcing a significant degree of overlap, they come together to form a single double-stranded unit. A phase diagram tracing this change in conformational behavior is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gandikota
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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6
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Zhou Z. Bistability of a helical filament confined on a cylinder. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024502. [PMID: 35291070 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural configuration of an intrinsically curved and twisted filament is uniquely a helix so that it can be referred to as a helical filament. We find that confining a helical filament on a cylinder can create a bistable state. When c_{0}R=0.5, where c_{0} is the intrinsic curvature of filament and R is the radius of cylinder, the phase diagram for the stability of a helix contains three regimes. Regime I has a small intrinsic twisting rate (ITR) and exhibits a bistable state which consists of two isoenergic helices. In regime II, the filament has a moderate ITR and the bistable state consists of a metastable low-pitch helix and a stable nonhelix. In regime III, the helix is unstable, owing to a large ITR. A similar phenomenon occurs when c_{0}R∼0.5. Monte Carlo simulation confirms these conclusions and indicates further that there are bistable nonhelices in regime III. This bistable system offers a prospective green material since the wide range of parameters and distinctive configurations for bistable states favor its realization and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, 151 Ying-chuan, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan, ROC
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Eisenstecken T, Winkler RG. Path integral description of semiflexible active Brownian polymers. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064105. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland G. Winkler
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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Locatelli E, Bianco V, Malgaretti P. Activity-Induced Collapse and Arrest of Active Polymer Rings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:097801. [PMID: 33750170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.097801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate, using numerical simulations, the conformations of isolated active ring polymers. We find that their behavior depends crucially on their size: Short rings (N≲100) swell, whereas longer rings (N≳200) collapse, at sufficiently high activity. By investigating the nonequilibrium process leading to the steady state, we find a universal route driving both outcomes; we highlight the central role of steric interactions, at variance with linear chains, and of topology conservation. We further show that the collapsed rings are arrested by looking at different observables, all underlining the presence of an extremely long timescales at the steady state, associated with the internal dynamics of the collapsed section. Finally, we found that in some circumstances the collapsed state spins about its axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentino Bianco
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Physics Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Paolo Malgaretti
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Strasse 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
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9
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Zhou Z. Bistability induced by a spontaneous twisting rate for a two-dimensional intrinsically curved filament. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012410. [PMID: 33601634 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We find that a moderate intrinsic twisting rate (ITR) can induce a bistable state for a force-free two-dimensional intrinsically curved filament. There are two different configurations of equal energy in a bistable state so that the filament is clearly different from its three-dimensional counterpart. The smaller the ITR or the larger the intrinsic curvature (IC), the clearer the distinction between two isoenergetic configurations and the longer the filament. In bistable states, the relationship between length and ITR is approximately a hyperbola and relationship between IC and critical ITR is approximately linear. Thermal fluctuation can result in a shift between two isoenergetic configurations, but large bending and twisting rigidities can prevent the shift and maintain the filament in one of these two configurations. Moreover, a filament can have a metastable state and at a finite temperature such a filament has the similar property as that of a filament with bistable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137 Taiwan, Republic of China
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Das S, Kennedy N, Cacciuto A. The coil-globule transition in self-avoiding active polymers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:160-164. [PMID: 33164018 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We perform numerical simulations of an active fully flexible self-avoiding polymer as a function of the quality of the embedding solvent described in terms of an effective monomer-monomer interaction. Specifically, by extracting the Flory exponent of the active polymer under different conditions, we are able to pin down the location of the coil-globule transition for different strengths of the active forces. Remarkably, we find that a simple rescaling of the temperature is capable of qualitatively capturing the dependence of the Θ-point of the polymer on the amplitude of active fluctuations. We discuss the limits of this mapping and suggest that a negative active pressure between the monomers, not unlike the one that has already been found in suspensions of active hard spheres, may also be present in active polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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11
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Joo S, Durang X, Lee OC, Jeon JH. Anomalous diffusion of active Brownian particles cross-linked to a networked polymer: Langevin dynamics simulation and theory. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9188-9201. [PMID: 32840541 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitatively understanding the dynamics of an active Brownian particle (ABP) interacting with a viscoelastic polymer environment is a scientific challenge. It is intimately related to several interdisciplinary topics such as the microrheology of active colloids in a polymer matrix and the athermal dynamics of the in vivo chromosomes or cytoskeletal networks. Based on Langevin dynamics simulation and analytic theory, here we explore such a viscoelastic active system in depth using a star polymer of functionality f with the center cross-linker particle being ABP. We observe that the ABP cross-linker, despite its self-propelled movement, attains an active subdiffusion with the scaling ΔR2(t) ∼ tα with α ≤ 1/2, through the viscoelastic feedback from the polymer. Counter-intuitively, the apparent anomaly exponent α becomes smaller as the ABP is driven by a larger propulsion velocity, but is independent of functionality f or the boundary conditions of the polymer. We set forth an exact theory and show that the motion of the active cross-linker is a Gaussian non-Markovian process characterized by two distinct power-law displacement correlations. At a moderate Péclet number, it seemingly behaves as fractional Brownian motion with a Hurst exponent H = α/2, whereas, at a high Péclet number, the self-propelled noise in the polymer environment leads to a logarithmic growth of the mean squared displacement (∼ln t) and a velocity autocorrelation decaying as -t-2. We demonstrate that the anomalous diffusion of the active cross-linker is precisely described by a fractional Langevin equation with two distinct random noises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Joo
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xavier Durang
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - O-Chul Lee
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyung Jeon
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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Theeyancheri L, Chaki S, Samanta N, Goswami R, Chelakkot R, Chakrabarti R. Translational and rotational dynamics of a self-propelled Janus probe in crowded environments. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8482-8491. [PMID: 32822444 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We computationally investigate the dynamics of a self-propelled Janus probe in crowded environments. The crowding is caused by the presence of viscoelastic polymers or non-viscoelastic disconnected monomers. Our simulations show that the translational as well as rotational mean square displacements have a distinctive three-step growth for fixed values of self-propulsion force, and steadily increase with self-propulsion, irrespective of the nature of the crowder. On the other hand, in the absence of crowders, the rotational dynamics of the Janus probe is independent of self-propulsion force. On replacing the repulsive polymers with sticky ones, translational and rotational mean square displacements of the Janus probe show a sharp drop. Since different faces of a Janus particle interact differently with the environment, we show that the direction of self-propulsion also affects its dynamics. The ratio of long-time translational and rotational diffusivities of the self-propelled probe with a fixed self-propulsion, when plotted against the area fraction of the crowders, passes through a minimum and at higher area fraction merges to its value in the absence of the crowder. This points towards the decoupling of the translational and rotational dynamics of the self-propelled probe at an intermediate area fraction of the crowders. However, such translational-rotational decoupling is absent for passive probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligesh Theeyancheri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
| | - Subhasish Chaki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
| | - Nairhita Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
| | - Rohit Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
| | - Raghunath Chelakkot
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland G. Winkler
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Anand SK, Singh SP. Conformation and dynamics of a self-avoiding active flexible polymer. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:030501. [PMID: 32289970 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate conformations and dynamics of a polymer considering its monomers to be active Brownian particles. This active polymer shows very intriguing physical behavior which is absent in an active Rouse chain. The chain initially shrinks with active force, which starts swelling on further increase in force. The shrinkage followed by swelling is attributed purely to excluded-volume interactions among the monomers. In the swelling regime, the chain shows a crossover from the self-avoiding behavior to the Rouse behavior with scaling exponent ν_{a}≈1/2 for end-to-end distance. The nonmonotonicity in the structure is analyzed through various physical quantities; specifically, radial distribution function of monomers, scattering time, as well as various energy calculations. The chain relaxes faster than the Rouse chain in the intermediate force regime, with a crossover in variation of relaxation time at large active force as given by a power law τ_{r}∼Pe^{-4/3} (Pe is Péclet number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh K Anand
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil P Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Das S, Cacciuto A. Dynamics of an active semi-flexible filament in a spherical cavity. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5132757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A. Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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