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Di Virgilio ADV, Bajardi F, Basti A, Beverini N, Carelli G, Ciampini D, Di Somma G, Fuso F, Maccioni E, Marsili P, Ortolan A, Porzio A, Vitali D. Noise Level of a Ring Laser Gyroscope in the Femto-Rad/s Range. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:013601. [PMID: 39042796 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Absolute angular rotation rate measurements with sensitivity better than prad/s would be beneficial for fundamental science investigations. In this regard, large frame Earth based ring laser gyroscopes are top instrumentation as far as bandwidth, long-term operation, and sensitivity are concerned. Here, we demonstrate that the GINGERINO active-ring laser upper limiting noise is close to 2×10^{-15} rad/s for ∼2×10^{5} s of integration time, as estimated by the Allan deviation evaluated in a differential measurement scheme. This result is more than a factor of 10 better than the theoretical prediction so far accounted for ideal ring lasers shot-noise with the two beams counterpropagating inside the cavity considered as two independent propagating modes. This feature is related to the peculiarity of real ring laser system dynamics that causes phase crosstalking among the two counterpropagating modes. In this context, the independent beam model is, then, not applicable, and the measured noise limit falls below the expected one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bajardi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sez. di Napoli, Compl. Univ. Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138, Napoli, Italy
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Silvestri R, Yu H, Strömberg T, Hilweg C, Peterson RW, Walther P. Experimental observation of Earth's rotation with quantum entanglement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0215. [PMID: 38875336 PMCID: PMC11177943 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Precision interferometry with quantum states has emerged as an essential tool for experimentally answering fundamental questions in physics. Optical quantum interferometers are of particular interest because of mature methods for generating and manipulating quantum states of light. Their increased sensitivity promises to enable tests of quantum phenomena, such as entanglement, in regimes where tiny gravitational effects come into play. However, this requires long and decoherence-free processing of quantum entanglement, which, for large interferometric areas, remains unexplored territory. Here, we present a table-top experiment using maximally path-entangled quantum states of light in a large-scale interferometer sensitive enough to measure the rotation rate of Earth. The achieved sensitivity of 5 μrad s-1 constitutes the highest rotation resolution ever reached with optical quantum interferometers. Further improvements to our methodology will enable measurements of general-relativistic effects on entangled photons, allowing the exploration of the interplay between quantum mechanics and general relativity, along with tests for fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Silvestri
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Research Network Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Haocun Yu
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Research Network Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Teodor Strömberg
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Research Network Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Hilweg
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Research Network Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert W Peterson
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Research Network Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Walther
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Research Network Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Toroš M, Cromb M, Paternostro M, Faccio D. Generation of Entanglement from Mechanical Rotation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:260401. [PMID: 36608206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.260401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many phenomena and fundamental predictions, ranging from Hawking radiation to the early evolution of the Universe rely on the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity or more generally, quantum mechanics in curved spacetimes. However, our understanding is hindered by the lack of experiments that actually allow us to probe quantum mechanics in curved spacetime in a repeatable and accessible way. Here we propose an experimental scheme for a photon that is prepared in a path superposition state across two rotating Sagnac interferometers that have different diameters and thus represent a superposition of two different spacetimes. We predict the generation of genuine entanglement even at low rotation frequencies and show how these effects could be observed even due to the Earth's rotation. These predictions provide an accessible platform in which to study the role of the underlying spacetime in the generation of entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Toroš
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Cromb
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Paternostro
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Vinante A, Timberlake C, Ulbricht H. Levitated Micromagnets in Superconducting Traps: A New Platform for Tabletop Fundamental Physics Experiments. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1642. [PMID: 36421497 PMCID: PMC9688962 DOI: 10.3390/e24111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetically levitated microparticles have been proposed as mechanical sensors with extreme sensitivity. In particular, micromagnets levitated above a superconductor can achieve very low levels of dissipation and thermal noise. In this paper, we review recent initial experiments and discuss the potential for using these systems as sensors of magnetic fields and rotational motion, as well as possible applications to fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vinante
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Chris Timberlake
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Hendrik Ulbricht
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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A way forward for fundamental physics in space. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 36336703 PMCID: PMC9637703 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Space-based research can provide a major leap forward in the study of key open questions in the fundamental physics domain. They include the validity of Einstein’s Equivalence principle, the origin and the nature of dark matter and dark energy, decoherence and collapse models in quantum mechanics, and the physics of quantum many-body systems. Cold-atom sensors and quantum technologies have drastically changed the approach to precision measurements. Atomic clocks and atom interferometers as well as classical and quantum links can be used to measure tiny variations of the space-time metric, elusive accelerations, and faint forces to test our knowledge of the physical laws ruling the Universe. In space, such instruments can benefit from unique conditions that allow improving both their precision and the signal to be measured. In this paper, we discuss the scientific priorities of a space-based research program in fundamental physics.
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Ding W, Wang Z. Laser propagation in a Rindler accelerated reference frame based on matrix optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28631-28642. [PMID: 34614989 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Rindler space-time describing a series of accelerating observers is Ricci flat, but it still has novel optical effects. In the case of Wenzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB) approximation, we derive the light paths in the Rindler frame based on the covariant wave equation and geodesic equations. Then, we use ABCD matrix optics method to explore the propagation characteristics of Rindler frame, thus link three different optical transformation scenes (geometry, gravity, and vacuum refractive index) together. Moreover, the propagation characteristics of hollow beam in Rindler space-time are described analytically. In the longitudinal direction, we demonstrate the shift and stretch effects of the dark spot of a beam, while the transverse spot size is proved to be convergence in the accelerated system, and the wavefront curvature can tend a constant twice the acceleration at the far field. Those characteristics are quite different from the ones in the flat space-time. Based on these calculations, we simply demonstrate the position uncertain relationship between the transverse beam size and the momentum, which surprisingly coincides with the derivation of quantization. We hope that we can provide one simple method to analyze the beam propagation in the accelerated frame.
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Abstract
A novel method of macroscopically entangled light-pair generation is presented for a quantum laser using randomness-based deterministic phase control of coherent light in a coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Unlike the particle nature-based quantum correlation in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave nature of photons is applied for collective phase control of coherent fields, resulting in a deterministically controllable nonclassical phenomenon. For the proof of principle, the entanglement between output light fields from a coupled MZI is examined using the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation technique, where the anticorrelation is a direct evidence of the nonclassical features in an interferometric scheme. For the generation of random phase bases between two bipartite input coherent fields, a deterministic control of opposite frequency shifts results in phase sensitive anticorrelation, which is a macroscopic quantum feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- Center for Photon Information Processing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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Coherently controlled quantum features in a coupled interferometric scheme. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11188. [PMID: 34045595 PMCID: PMC8159952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion processes in both second-order and third-order nonlinear optical materials have been intensively studied for various quantum features such as Bell inequality violation and anticorrelation. In an interferometric scheme, anticorrelation results from photon bunching based on randomness when entangled photon pairs coincidently impinge on a beam splitter. Compared with post-measurement-based probabilistic confirmation, a coherence version has been recently proposed using the wave nature of photons. Here, the origin of quantum features in a coupled interferometric scheme is investigated using pure coherence optics. In addition, a deterministic method of entangled photon-pair generation is proposed for on-demand coherence control of quantum processing.
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