1
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Bourgeois MR, Pan F, Anyanwu CP, Nixon AG, Beutler EK, Dionne JA, Goldsmith RH, Masiello DJ. Spectroscopy in Nanoscopic Cavities: Models and Recent Experiments. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:509-534. [PMID: 38941525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-083122-125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability of nanophotonic cavities to confine and store light to nanoscale dimensions has important implications for enhancing molecular, excitonic, phononic, and plasmonic optical responses. Spectroscopic signatures of processes that are ordinarily exceedingly weak such as pure absorption and Raman scattering have been brought to the single-particle limit of detection, while new emergent polaritonic states of optical matter have been realized through coupling material and photonic cavity degrees of freedom across a wide range of experimentally accessible interaction strengths. In this review, we discuss both optical and electron beam spectroscopies of cavity-coupled material systems in weak, strong, and ultrastrong coupling regimes, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the physics inherent to each while highlighting recent experimental advances and exciting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - C Praise Anyanwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Austin G Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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2
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Bourgeois MR, Nixon AG, Chalifour M, Masiello DJ. Optical polarization analogs in inelastic free-electron scattering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj6038. [PMID: 38117898 PMCID: PMC10732523 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the ability to manipulate free-electron phase profiles within the electron microscope have spurred development of quantum-mechanical descriptions of electron energy loss (EEL) processes involving transitions between phase-shaped transverse states. Here, we elucidate an underlying connection between two ostensibly distinct optical polarization analogs identified in EEL experiments as manifestations of the same conserved scattering flux. Our work introduces a procedure for probing general tensorial target characteristics including global mode symmetries and local polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R. Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Austin G. Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - David J. Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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3
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Deng Q, Lin H, Li ZY. Origin of plasmonic Fano resonance in metal-hole/split-ring-resonator metamaterials disclosed by temporal coupled-mode theory. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32322-32334. [PMID: 37859038 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In plasmonic Fano resonance, the interaction between a discrete plasmonic mode and a continuum of plasmonic mode gives rise to an asymmetric line shape in the scattering or absorption spectrum, enabling a wide range of applications such as sensing, switching, and slow light devices. Here, we establish a theoretical solution in the framework of temporal coupled-mode theory (TCMT) to study the three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) Fano resonances induced by strong coupling between metal hole (MH) and split ring resonator (SRR) array. We first separately analyze the transmission spectra of the MH array and SRR array under different polarized light excitation. We further investigate the electromagnetic field and charge density distribution corresponding to the resonant modes at the peak or valley wavelength of the transmission spectrum and figure out the electric/magnetic dipole feature of these resonance modes. We then establish a theoretical solution by TCMT for Fano resonances arising from the coupling of these modes. The calculated transmission spectrum is closely matching with the numerically simulated transmission spectrum for these Fano resonances in the MH-SRR array, which effectively elucidates that the asymmetry of the Fano resonances is caused by the coupling between bright and dark plasmonic modes involved in the two structures. Our results can help to understand the profound physics in such coupled plasmonic systems.
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4
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Huang Y, Su R, Wang Y, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhao J, Liu Z, Xiong Q. A Fano Cavity-Photon Interface for Directional Suppression of Spectral Diffusion of a Single Perovskite Nanoplatelet. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8274-8280. [PMID: 36197087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals that are capable of mass production with wet chemical synthesis have long been proposed as color-tunable, scalable quantum emitters for information processing and communication. However, they constantly suffer from spectral diffusion due to being exposed to a noisy electrostatic environment. Herein we demonstrate a cavity-photon interface (CPI) which effectively suppresses the temperature-activated spectral diffusion (SD) of a single perovskite nanoplatelet (NPL) up to 40 K. The spectrally stabilized single-photon emission is achieved at a specific emission direction corresponding to an inhibited dipole moment of the NPL as the result of the Fano coupling between the two photon dissipation channels of the NPL. Our results shed light on the nature of the SD of perovskite nanocrystals and offer a general cavity quantum electrodynamic scheme that controls the brightness and spectral dynamics of a single-photon emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Yubin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing100193, P.R. China
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5
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Bourgeois MR, Beutler EK, Khorasani S, Panek N, Masiello DJ. Nanometer-Scale Spatial and Spectral Mapping of Exciton Polaritons in Structured Plasmonic Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:197401. [PMID: 35622035 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons (EPs) are ubiquitous light-matter excitations under intense investigation as test beds of fundamental physics and as components for all-optical computing. Owing to their unique attributes and facile experimental tunability, EPs potentially enable strong nonlinearities, condensation, and superfluidity at room temperature. However, the diffraction limit of light and the momentum content of fast electron probes preclude the characterization of EPs in nanoscale structured cavities exhibiting energy-momentum dispersion. Here we present fully relativistic analytical theory and companion numerical simulations showing that these limitations can be overcome to measure EPs in periodic nanophotonic cavities on their natural energy, momentum, and length scales via lattice electron energy gain spectroscopy. With the combined high momentum resolution of light and nanoscale spatial resolution of focused electron beams, lattice electron energy gain spectroscopy can expose deeply subwavelength EP features using currently available monochromated, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Siamak Khorasani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Nicole Panek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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6
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Ko W, Gai Z, Puretzky AA, Liang L, Berlijn T, Hachtel JA, Xiao K, Ganesh P, Yoon M, Li AP. Understanding Heterogeneities in Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2106909. [PMID: 35170112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum materials are usually heterogeneous, with structural defects, impurities, surfaces, edges, interfaces, and disorder. These heterogeneities are sometimes viewed as liabilities within conventional systems; however, their electronic and magnetic structures often define and affect the quantum phenomena such as coherence, interaction, entanglement, and topological effects in the host system. Therefore, a critical need is to understand the roles of heterogeneities in order to endow materials with new quantum functions for energy and quantum information science applications. In this article, several representative examples are reviewed on the recent progress in connecting the heterogeneities to the quantum behaviors of real materials. Specifically, three intertwined topic areas are assessed: i) Reveal the structural, electronic, magnetic, vibrational, and optical degrees of freedom of heterogeneities. ii) Understand the effect of heterogeneities on the behaviors of quantum states in host material systems. iii) Control heterogeneities for new quantum functions. This progress is achieved by establishing the atomistic-level structure-property relationships associated with heterogeneities in quantum materials. The understanding of the interactions between electronic, magnetic, photonic, and vibrational states of heterogeneities enables the design of new quantum materials, including topological matter and quantum light emitters based on heterogenous 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhee Ko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Zheng Gai
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Tom Berlijn
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Mina Yoon
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - An-Ping Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
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7
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Imaeda K, Hasegawa S, Imura K. Observation of the plasmon mode transition from triangular to hexagonal nanoplates. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imaeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Seiju Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Imura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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8
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OUP accepted manuscript. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:i174-i199. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Olafsson A, Khorasani S, Busche JA, Araujo JJ, Idrobo JC, Gamelin DR, Masiello DJ, Camden JP. Imaging Infrared Plasmon Hybridization in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystal Dimers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10270-10276. [PMID: 34652912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offer strong plasmonic responses at frequencies beyond those accessible by conventional plasmonic nanoparticles. Like their noble metal analogues, these emerging materials can harness free space radiation and confine it to the nanoscale but at resonance frequencies that are natively infrared and spectrally tunable by carrier concentration. In this work we combine monochromated STEM-EELS and theoretical modeling to investigate the capability of colloidal indium tin oxide (ITO) NC pairs to form hybridized plasmon modes, providing an additional route to influence the IR plasmon spectrum. These results demonstrate that ITO NCs may have greater coupling strength than expected, emphasizing their potential for near-field enhancement and resonant energy transfer in the IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agust Olafsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Siamak Khorasani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jacob A Busche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jose J Araujo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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10
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Yu T, Lingerfelt D, Jakowski J, Jabed MA, Ganesh P, Sumpter BG. Electron-Beam-Induced Molecular Plasmon Excitation and Energy Transfer in Silver Molecular Nanowires. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:74-87. [PMID: 33389995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigate (1) electron-beam-induced plasmon absorption spectra of Ag molecular nanowire dimers and (2) electron-beam-induced energy transfer between two nanowires. We employ linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and real-time TDDFT methods to simulate the electron-beam-induced plasmonic excitations, dynamics, and corresponding electron energy loss spectrum for small models of a single molecular nanowire with four Ag atoms and for two Ag nanowires. An array of different relative orientations of nanowires and of different initial excitation conditions resulting from applying an electron beam at different positions with respect to the Ag nanowires is investigated. The results demonstrate (1) an electron beam can induce plasmonic excitations from the molecular Ag nanowire ground state to the excited states that are both optically allowed and forbidden, (2) a tunability for selective excitations that can be controlled by the position of a focused electron beam, and (3) kinetic and dynamic behaviors of time-dependent electron-beam-induced energy transfer between two Ag molecular nanowires depend on the position of the beam source and nanowire separation distance, providing insights into the spatial dependences of plasmonic couplings in nanowire arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - David Lingerfelt
- Center of Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jacek Jakowski
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Mohammed A Jabed
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center of Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center of Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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11
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Borodinov N, Banerjee P, Cho SH, Milliron DJ, Ovchinnikova OS, Vasudevan RK, Hachtel JA. Enhancing hyperspectral EELS analysis of complex plasmonic nanostructures with pan-sharpening. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014202. [PMID: 33412885 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale hyperspectral techniques-such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)-are critical to understand the optical response in plasmonic nanostructures, but as systems become increasingly complex, the required sampling density and acquisition times become prohibitive for instrumental and specimen stability. As a result, there has been a recent push for new experimental methodologies that can provide comprehensive information about a complex system, while significantly reducing the duration of the experiment. Here, we present a pan-sharpening approach to hyperspectral EELS analysis, where we acquire two datasets from the same region (one with high spatial resolution and one with high spectral fidelity) and combine them to achieve a single dataset with the beneficial properties of both. This work outlines a straightforward, reproducible pathway to reduced experiment times and higher signal-to-noise ratios, while retaining the relevant physical parameters of the plasmonic response, and is generally applicable to a wide range of spectroscopy modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Borodinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Progna Banerjee
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Shin Hum Cho
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Rama K Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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12
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Olafsson A, Busche JA, Araujo JJ, Maiti A, Idrobo JC, Gamelin DR, Masiello DJ, Camden JP. Electron Beam Infrared Nano-Ellipsometry of Individual Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7987-7994. [PMID: 32870693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging recent advances in electron energy monochromation and aberration correction, we record the spatially resolved infrared plasmon spectrum of individual tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both surface and bulk plasmon responses are measured as a function of tin doping concentration from 1-10 atomic percent. These results are compared to theoretical models, which elucidate the spectral detuning of the same surface plasmon resonance feature when measured from aloof and penetrating probe geometries. We additionally demonstrate a unique approach to retrieving the fundamental dielectric parameters of individual semiconductor nanocrystals via EELS. This method, devoid from ensemble averaging, illustrates the potential for electron-beam ellipsometry measurements on materials that cannot be prepared in bulk form or as thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agust Olafsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jacob A Busche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jose J Araujo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arpan Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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13
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Lin J, Qiu M, Zhang X, Guo H, Cai Q, Xiao S, He Q, Zhou L. Tailoring the lineshapes of coupled plasmonic systems based on a theory derived from first principles. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:158. [PMID: 32963770 PMCID: PMC7479621 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coupled photonic systems exhibit intriguing optical responses attracting intensive attention, but available theoretical tools either cannot reveal the underlying physics or are empirical in nature. Here, we derive a rigorous theoretical framework from first principles (i.e., Maxwell's equations), with all parameters directly computable via wave function integrations, to study coupled photonic systems containing multiple resonators. Benchmark calculations against Mie theory reveal the physical meanings of the parameters defined in our theory and their mutual relations. After testing our theory numerically and experimentally on a realistic plasmonic system, we show how to utilize it to freely tailor the lineshape of a coupled system, involving two plasmonic resonators exhibiting arbitrary radiative losses, particularly how to create a completely "dark" mode with vanishing radiative loss (e.g., a bound state in continuum). All theoretical predictions are quantitatively verified by our experiments at near-infrared frequencies. Our results not only help understand the profound physics in such coupled photonic systems, but also offer a powerful tool for fast designing functional devices to meet diversified application requests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Meng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Huijie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qingnan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shiyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Qiong He
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093 China
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