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Medina Restrepo M, Myers EG. Mass Difference of Tritium and Helium-3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:243002. [PMID: 38181130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.243002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
From cyclotron frequency ratios of HD^{+}/^{3}He^{+}, HD^{+}/T^{+}, and T^{+}/^{3}He^{+} we measure the mass difference between atoms of T and ^{3}He to be 1.995 940 8 (23)×10^{-5} u, corresponding to a Q value for tritium β decay of 18 592.071(22) eV. This enables an improved check on systematics of β decay experiments that set limits on neutrino mass. Using the HD^{+} mass calculated from the atomic masses of the proton and deuteron as given by Rau et al. [Nature 585, 43 (2020)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-020-2628-7], we also obtain improved atomic masses for the triton and helion (considered to be fundamental constants), namely, 3.015 500 716 066 (39) and 3.014 932 246 957 (38) u.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmund G Myers
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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2
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Schwegler N, Holzapfel D, Stadler M, Mitjans A, Sergachev I, Home JP, Kienzler D. Trapping and Ground-State Cooling of a Single H_{2}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:133003. [PMID: 37831997 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate co-trapping and sideband cooling of a H_{2}^{+}-^{9}Be^{+} ion pair in a cryogenic Paul trap. We study the chemical lifetime of H_{2}^{+} and its dependence on the apparatus temperature, achieving lifetimes of up to 11_{-3}^{+6} h at 10 K. We demonstrate cooling of two of the modes of translational motion to an average phonon number of 0.07(1) and 0.05(1), corresponding to a temperature of 22(1) and 55(3) μK, respectively. Our results provide a basis for quantum logic spectroscopy experiments of H_{2}^{+}, as well as other light ions such as HD^{+}, H_{3}^{+}, and He^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schwegler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Holzapfel
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Mitjans
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Sergachev
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Kienzler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Sasidharan S, Bezrodnova O, Rau S, Quint W, Sturm S, Blaum K. Penning-Trap Mass Measurement of Helium-4. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:093201. [PMID: 37721828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-ion trap (LIONTRAP), a high-precision Penning-trap mass spectrometer, was used to determine the atomic mass of ^{4}He. Here, we report a 12 parts-per-trillion measurement of the mass of a ^{4}He^{2+} ion, m(^{4}He^{2+})=4.001 506 179 651(48) u. From this, the atomic mass of the neutral atom can be determined without loss of precision: m(^{4}He)=4.002 603 254 653(48) u. This result is slightly more precise than the current CODATA18 literature value but deviates by 6.6 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Bezrodnova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Delaunay C, Karr JP, Kitahara T, Koelemeij JCJ, Soreq Y, Zupan J. Self-Consistent Extraction of Spectroscopic Bounds on Light New Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:121801. [PMID: 37027868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental physical constants are determined from a collection of precision measurements of elementary particles, atoms, and molecules. This is usually done under the assumption of the standard model (SM) of particle physics. Allowing for light new physics (NP) beyond the SM modifies the extraction of fundamental physical constants. Consequently, setting NP bounds using these data, and at the same time assuming the Committee on Data of the International Science Council recommended values for the fundamental physical constants, is not reliable. As we show in this Letter, both SM and NP parameters can be simultaneously determined in a consistent way from a global fit. For light vectors with QED-like couplings, such as the dark photon, we provide a prescription that recovers the degeneracy with the photon in the massless limit and requires calculations only at leading order in the small new physics couplings. At present, the data show tensions partially related to the proton charge radius determination. We show that these can be alleviated by including contributions from a light scalar with flavor nonuniversal couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Delaunay
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique, CNRS-USMB, BP 110 Annecy-le-Vieux, F-74941 Annecy, France
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
- Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Boulevard François Mitterrand, F-91000 Evry, France
| | - Teppei Kitahara
- Institute for Advanced Research and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- KEK Theory Center, IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jeroen C J Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yotam Soreq
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jure Zupan
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221,USA
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Lensky V, Hagelstein F, Pascalutsa V. Two-photon exchange in (muonic) deuterium at N3LO in pionless effective field theory. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. A, HADRONS AND NUCLEI 2022; 58:224. [PMID: 36404796 PMCID: PMC9666338 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the two-photon-exchange (2 γ -exchange) corrections to the S-levels in muonic ( μ D) and ordinary (D) deuterium within the pionless effective field theory (EFT). Our calculation proceeds up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the EFT expansion. The only unknown low-energy constant entering the calculation at this order corresponds to the coupling of a longitudinal photon to the nucleon-nucleon system. To minimise its correlation with the deuteron charge radius, it is extracted using the information about the hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift. We find the elastic 2 γ -exchange contribution in μ D larger by several standard deviations than obtained in other recent calculations. This discrepancy ameliorates the mismatch between theory and experiment on the size of 2 γ -exchange effects, and is attributed to the properties of the deuteron elastic charge form factor parametrisation used to evaluate the elastic contribution. We identify a correlation between the deuteron charge and Friar radii, which can help one to judge how well a form factor parametrisation describes the low-virtuality properties of the deuteron. We also evaluate the higher-order 2 γ -exchange contributions in μ D, generated by the single-nucleon structure and expected to be the most important terms beyond N3LO. The uncertainty of the theoretical result is dominated by the truncation of the EFT series and is quantified using a Bayesian approach. The resulting extractions of the deuteron charge radius from the μ D Lamb shift, the 2 S - 1 S transition in D, and the 2 S - 1 S hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift, with the respective 2 γ -exchange effects evaluated in a unified EFT approach, are in perfect agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Lensky
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Hagelstein
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Pascalutsa
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Koelemeij JCJ. Effect of correlated hyperfine theory errors in the determination of rotational and vibrational transition frequencies in HD +. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2058637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Fink DJ, Myers EG. Deuteron-to-Proton Mass Ratio from Simultaneous Measurement of the Cyclotron Frequencies of H_{2}^{+} and D^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:243001. [PMID: 34951801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By simultaneously measuring the cyclotron frequencies of an H_{2}^{+} ion and a deuteron in a coupled magnetron orbit we have made an extended series of measurements of their cyclotron frequency ratio. From the observed changes in H_{2}^{+} mass energy we have followed the decay of three H_{2}^{+} ions to the vibrational ground state. We are able to assign some of our measured ratios to specific rovibrational levels, hence reducing uncertainty due to H_{2}^{+} rotational energy. Assuming the most probable assignment, we obtain a deuteron-to-proton mass ratio, m_{d}/m_{p}=1.999 007 501 272(9). Combined with the atomic mass of the deuteron [S. Rau et al., Nature (London) 585, 43 (2020).NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-020-2628-7] we also obtain a new value for the atomic mass of the proton, m_{p}=1.007 276 466 574(10) u.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fink
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
| | - Edmund G Myers
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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8
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Penning trap mass measurements of the deuteron and the HD + molecular ion. Nature 2020; 585:43-47. [PMID: 32879505 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The masses of the lightest atomic nuclei and the electron mass1 are interlinked, and their values affect observables in atomic2, molecular3-5 and neutrino physics6, as well as metrology. The most precise values for these fundamental parameters come from Penning trap mass spectrometry, which achieves relative mass uncertainties of the order of 10-11. However, redundancy checks using data from different experiments reveal considerable inconsistencies in the masses of the proton, the deuteron and the helion (the nucleus of helium-3), suggesting that the uncertainty of these values may have been underestimated. Here we present results from absolute mass measurements of the deuteron and the HD+ molecular ion using 12C as a mass reference. Our value for the deuteron mass, 2.013553212535(17) atomic mass units, has better precision than the CODATA value7 by a factor of 2.4 and differs from it by 4.8 standard deviations. With a relative uncertainty of eight parts per trillion, this is the most precise mass value measured directly in atomic mass units. Furthermore, our measurement of the mass of the HD+ molecular ion, 3.021378241561(61) atomic mass units, not only allows a rigorous consistency check of our results for the masses of the deuteron (this work) and the proton8, but also establishes an additional link for the masses of tritium9 and helium-3 (ref. 10) to the atomic mass unit. Combined with a recent measurement of the deuteron-to-proton mass ratio11, the uncertainty of the reference value of the proton mass7 can be reduced by a factor of three.
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Abstract
Spectroscopy of hydrogen deuteride ions provides the proton-to-electron mass ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hori
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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10
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Koelemeij JCJ. Precise measurement of deuteron mass raises hopes of solving the nuclear-mass puzzle. Nature 2020; 585:35-36. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-02474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Patra S, Germann M, Karr JP, Haidar M, Hilico L, Korobov VI, Cozijn FMJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Koelemeij JCJ. Proton-electron mass ratio from laser spectroscopy of HD+ at the part-per-trillion level. Science 2020; 369:1238-1241. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent mass measurements of light atomic nuclei in Penning traps have indicated possible inconsistencies in closely related physical constants such as the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios. These quantities also influence the predicted vibrational spectrum of the deuterated molecular hydrogen ion (HD+) in its electronic ground state. We used Doppler-free two-photon laser spectroscopy to measure the frequency of the v = 0→9 overtone transition (v, vibrational quantum number) of this spectrum with an uncertainty of 2.9 parts per trillion. By leveraging high-precision ab initio calculations, we converted our measurement to tight constraints on the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios, consistent with the most recent Penning trap determinations of these quantities. This results in a precision of 21 parts per trillion for the value of the proton-electron mass ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Patra
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Germann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J.-Ph. Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Université d’Evry–Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - M. Haidar
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Hilico
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Université d’Evry–Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - V. I. Korobov
- Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - F. M. J. Cozijn
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K. S. E. Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARCNL (Advanced Research Centre for Nanolithography), 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARCNL (Advanced Research Centre for Nanolithography), 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Alighanbari S, Giri GS, Constantin FL, Korobov VI, Schiller S. Precise test of quantum electrodynamics and determination of fundamental constants with HD+ ions. Nature 2020; 581:152-158. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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