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Wang C, Li N, Xie J, Ding C, Ji Z, Xiao L, Jia S, Yan B, Hu Y, Zhao Y. Exceptional Nexus in Bose-Einstein Condensates with Collective Dissipation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:253401. [PMID: 38996274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.253401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In multistate non-Hermitian systems, higher-order exceptional points and exotic phenomena with no analogues in two-level systems arise. A paradigm is the exceptional nexus (EX), a third-order EP as the cusp singularity of exceptional arcs (EAs), that has a hybrid topological nature. Using atomic Bose-Einstein condensates to implement a dissipative three-state system, we experimentally realize an EX within a two-parameter space, despite the absence of symmetry. The engineered dissipation exhibits density dependence due to the collective atomic response to resonant light. Based on extensive analysis of the system's decay dynamics, we demonstrate the formation of an EX from the coalescence of two EAs with distinct geometries. These structures arise from the different roles played by dissipation in the strong coupling limit and quantum Zeno regime. Our Letter paves the way for exploring higher-order exceptional physics in the many-body setting of ultracold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Cong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, School of Physics, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Ji L, He Y, Cai Q, Fang Z, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhou L, Wu S, Grava S, Chang DE. Superradiant Detection of Microscopic Optical Dipolar Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253602. [PMID: 38181370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between light and cold atoms is a complex phenomenon potentially featuring many-body resonant dipole interactions. A major obstacle toward exploring these quantum resources of the system is macroscopic light propagation effects, which not only limit the available time for the microscopic correlations to locally build up, but also create a directional, superradiant emission background whose variations can overwhelm the microscopic effects. In this Letter, we demonstrate a method to perform "background-free" detection of the microscopic optical dynamics in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble. This is made possible by transiently suppressing the macroscopic optical propagation over a substantial time, before a recall of superradiance that imprints the effect of the accumulated microscopic dynamics onto an efficiently detectable outgoing field. We apply this technique to unveil and precisely characterize a density-dependent, microscopic dipolar dephasing effect that generally limits the lifetime of optical spin-wave order in ensemble-based atom-light interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingnan Cai
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhening Fang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Stefano Grava
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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Guimbao J, Sanchis L, Weituschat LM, Llorens JM, Postigo PA. Perfect Photon Indistinguishability from a Set of Dissipative Quantum Emitters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2800. [PMID: 36014665 PMCID: PMC9414413 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single photon sources (SPS) based on semiconductor quantum dot (QD) platforms are restricted to low temperature (T) operation due to the presence of strong dephasing processes. Although the integration of QD in optical cavities provides an enhancement of its emission properties, the technical requirements for maintaining high indistinguishability (I) at high T are still beyond the state of the art. Recently, new theoretical approaches have shown promising results by implementing two-dipole-coupled-emitter systems. Here, we propose a platform based on an optimized five-dipole-coupled-emitter system coupled to a cavity which enables perfect I at high T. Within our scheme the realization of perfect I single photon emission with dissipative QDs is possible using well established photonic platforms. For the optimization procedure we have developed a novel machine-learning approach which provides a significant computational-time reduction for high demanding optimization algorithms. Our strategy opens up interesting possibilities for the optimization of different photonic structures for quantum information applications, such as the reduction of quantum decoherence in clusters of coupled two-level quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Guimbao
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, INM-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Sanchis
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, INM-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lukas M. Weituschat
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, INM-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Llorens
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, INM-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo A. Postigo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, INM-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Zhang YX, Mølmer K. Subradiant Emission from Regular Atomic Arrays: Universal Scaling of Decay Rates from the Generalized Bloch Theorem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:253601. [PMID: 33416345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hermitian part of the field-mediated dipole-dipole interaction in infinite periodic arrays of two-level atoms yields an energy band of the singly excited states. In this Letter, we show that a dispersion relation, ω_{k}-ω_{k_{ex}}∝(k-k_{ex})^{s}, near the band edge of the infinite system leads to the existence of subradiant states of finite one-dimensional arrays of N atoms with decay rates scaling as N^{-(s+1)}. This explains the recently discovered N^{-3} scaling and it leads to the prediction of power law scaling with higher power for special values of the lattice period. For the quantum optical implementation of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger topological model in a dimerized emitter array, the band gap closing inherent to topological transitions changes the value of s in the dispersion relation and alters the decay rates of the subradiant states by many orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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He Y, Ji L, Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhao J, Ma Y, Huang X, Wu S, Chang DE. Geometric Control of Collective Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:213602. [PMID: 33275003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipole spin-wave states of atomic ensembles with wave vector k(ω) mismatched from the dispersion relation of light are difficult to access by far-field excitation but may support rich phenomena beyond the traditional phase-matched scenario in quantum optics. We propose and demonstrate an optical technique to efficiently access these states. In particular, subnanosecond laser pulses shaped by a home-developed wideband modulation method are applied to shift the spin wave in k space with state-dependent geometric phase patterning, in an error-resilient fashion and on timescales much faster than spontaneous emission. We verify this control through the redirection, switch off, and recall of collectively enhanced emission from a ^{87}Rb gas with ∼75% single-step efficiency. Our work represents a first step toward efficient control of electric dipole spin waves for studying many-body dissipative dynamics of excited gases, as well as for numerous quantum optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizun He
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingjing Ji
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyang Qiu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saijun Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain and ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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