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Béguin A, Rodzinka T, Calmels L, Allard B, Gauguet A. Atom Interferometry with Coherent Enhancement of Bragg Pulse Sequences. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:143401. [PMID: 37862657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We report here on the realization of light-pulse atom interferometers with large-momentum-transfer atom optics based on a sequence of Bragg transitions. We demonstrate momentum splitting up to 200 photon recoils in an ultracold atom interferometer. We highlight a new mechanism of destructive interference of the losses leading to a sizable efficiency enhancement of the beam splitters. We perform a comprehensive study of parasitic interferometers due to the inherent multiport feature of the quasi-Bragg pulses. Finally, we experimentally verify the phase shift enhancement and characterize the interferometer visibility loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Béguin
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, FERMI, UT3, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 09, France
| | - T Rodzinka
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, FERMI, UT3, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 09, France
| | - L Calmels
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, FERMI, UT3, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 09, France
| | - B Allard
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, FERMI, UT3, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 09, France
| | - A Gauguet
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, FERMI, UT3, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse CEDEX 09, France
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Vovrosh J, Dragomir A, Stray B, Boddice D. Advances in Portable Atom Interferometry-Based Gravity Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7651. [PMID: 37688106 PMCID: PMC10490657 DOI: 10.3390/s23177651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Gravity sensing is a valuable technique used for several applications, including fundamental physics, civil engineering, metrology, geology, and resource exploration. While classical gravimeters have proven useful, they face limitations, such as mechanical wear on the test masses, resulting in drift, and limited measurement speeds, hindering their use for long-term monitoring, as well as the need to average out microseismic vibrations, limiting their speed of data acquisition. Emerging sensors based on atom interferometry for gravity measurements could offer promising solutions to these limitations, and are currently advancing towards portable devices for real-world applications. This article provides a brief state-of-the-art review of portable atom interferometry-based quantum sensors and provides a perspective on routes towards improved sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Vovrosh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.V.)
- QinetiQ, Malvern Technology Centre, St. Andrews Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3PS, UK
| | - Andrei Dragomir
- Aquark Technologies, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey SO51 9AQ, UK
| | - Ben Stray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.V.)
| | - Daniel Boddice
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Jiang M, Lu SB, Li Y, Sun C, Yao ZW, Li SK, Chen HH, Chen XL, Lu ZX, Mao YF, Li RB, Wang J, Zhan MS. Compact multi-channel radio frequency pulse-sequence generator with fast-switching capability for cold-atom interferometers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:093204. [PMID: 37756551 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Cold-atom interferometers have matured into a powerful tool for fundamental physics research, and they are currently moving from realizations in the laboratory to applications in the field. A radio frequency (RF) generator is an indispensable component of these devices for controlling lasers and manipulating atoms. In this work, we developed a compact RF generator for fast switching and sweeping the frequencies and amplitudes of atomic-interference pulse sequences. In this generator, multi-channel RF signals are generated using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to control eight direct digital synthesizers (DDSs). We further propose and demonstrate a method for pre-loading the parameters of all the RF pulse sequences to the DDS registers before their execution, which eliminates the need for data transfer between the FPGA and DDSs to change RF signals. This sharply decreases the frequency-switching time when the pulse sequences are running. Performance characterization showed that the generated RF signals achieve a 100 ns frequency-switching time and a 40 dB harmonic-rejection ratio. The generated RF pulse sequences were applied to a cold-atom-interferometer gyroscope, and the contrast of atomic interference fringes was found to reach 38%. This compact multi-channel generator with fast frequency/amplitude switching and/or sweeping capability will be beneficial for applications in field-portable atom interferometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Si-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Shao-Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hong-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ze-Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Run-Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
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Wilkason T, Nantel M, Rudolph J, Jiang Y, Garber BE, Swan H, Carman SP, Abe M, Hogan JM. Atom Interferometry with Floquet Atom Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:183202. [PMID: 36374679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Floquet engineering offers a compelling approach for designing the time evolution of periodically driven systems. We implement a periodic atom-light coupling to realize Floquet atom optics on the strontium ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition. These atom optics reach pulse efficiencies above 99.4% over a wide range of frequency offsets between light and atomic resonance, even under strong driving where this detuning is on the order of the Rabi frequency. Moreover, we use Floquet atom optics to compensate for differential Doppler shifts in large momentum transfer atom interferometers and achieve state-of-the-art momentum separation in excess of 400 ℏk. This technique can be applied to any two-level system at arbitrary coupling strength, with broad application in coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilkason
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Megan Nantel
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jan Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yijun Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin E Garber
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hunter Swan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel P Carman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mahiro Abe
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Abstract
We present enabling experimental tools and atom interferometer implementations in a vertical “fountain” geometry with ytterbium Bose–Einstein condensates. To meet the unique challenge of the heavy, non-magnetic atom, we apply a shaped optical potential to balance against gravity following evaporative cooling and demonstrate a double Mach–Zehnder interferometer suitable for applications such as gravity gradient measurements. Furthermore, we also investigate the use of a pulsed optical potential to act as a matter wave lens in the vertical direction during expansion of the Bose–Einstein condensate. This method is shown to be even more effective than the aforementioned shaped optical potential. The application of this method results in a reduction of velocity spread (or equivalently an increase in source brightness) of more than a factor of five, which we demonstrate using a two-pulse momentum-space Ramsey interferometer. The vertical geometry implementation of our diffraction beams ensures that the atomic center of mass maintains overlap with the pulsed atom optical elements, thus allowing extension of atom interferometer times beyond what is possible in a horizontal geometry. Our results thus provide useful tools for enhancing the precision of atom interferometry with ultracold ytterbium atoms.
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Abstract
The sensitivity of light and matter-wave interferometers to rotations is based on the Sagnac effect and increases with the area enclosed by the interferometer. In the case of light, the latter can be enlarged by forming multiple fibre loops, whereas the equivalent for matter-wave interferometers remains an experimental challenge. We present a concept for a multi-loop atom interferometer with a scalable area formed by light pulses. Our method will offer sensitivities as high as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2\times 10^{-11}$$\end{document}2×10-11 rad/s at 1 s in combination with the respective long-term stability as required for Earth rotation monitoring.
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High Sensitivity Multi-Axes Rotation Sensing Using Large Momentum Transfer Point Source Atom Interferometry. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A point source interferometer (PSI) is a device where atoms are split and recombined by applying a temporal sequence of Raman pulses during the expansion of a cloud of cold atoms behaving approximately as a point source. The PSI can work as a sensitive multi-axes gyroscope that can automatically filter out the signal from accelerations. The phase shift arising from the rotations is proportional to the momentum transferred to each atom from the Raman pulses. Therefore, by increasing the momentum transfer, it should be possible to enhance the sensitivity of the PSI. Here, we investigate the degree of enhancement in sensitivity that could be achieved by augmenting the PSI with large momentum transfer (LMT) employing a sequence of many Raman pulses with alternating directions. We analyze how factors such as Doppler detuning, spontaneous emission, and the finite initial size of the atomic cloud compromise the advantage of LMT and how to find the optimal momentum transfer under these limitations, with both the semi-classical model and a model under which the motion of the center of mass of each atom is described quantum mechanically. We identify a set of realistic parameters for which LMT can improve the PSI by a factor of nearly 40.
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Tinsley JN, Bandarupally S, Penttinen JP, Manzoor S, Ranta S, Salvi L, Guina M, Poli N. Watt-level blue light for precision spectroscopy, laser cooling and trapping of strontium and cadmium atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25462-25476. [PMID: 34614877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.429898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-power and narrow-linewidth laser light is a vital tool for atomic physics, being used for example in laser cooling and trapping and precision spectroscopy. Here we produce Watt-level laser radiation at 457.75 nm and 460.86 nm of respective relevance for the cooling transitions of cadmium and strontium atoms. This is achieved via the frequency doubling of a kHz-linewidth vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL), which is based on a novel gain chip design enabling lasing at > 2 W in the 915-928 nm region. Following an additional doubling stage, spectroscopy of the 1S0 → 1P1 cadmium transition at 228.87 nm is performed on an atomic beam, with all the transitions from all eight natural isotopes observed in a single continuous sweep of more than 4 GHz in the deep ultraviolet. The absolute value of the transition frequency of 114Cd and the isotope shifts relative to this transition are determined, with values for some of these shifts provided for the first time.
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Bertoldi A, Feng CH, Naik DS, Canuel B, Bouyer P, Prevedelli M. Fast Control of Atom-Light Interaction in a Narrow Linewidth Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:013202. [PMID: 34270276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to exploit high-finesse optical resonators for light-assisted coherent manipulation of atomic ensembles, overcoming the limit imposed by the finite response time of the cavity. The key element of our scheme is to rapidly switch the interaction between the atoms and the cavity field with an auxiliary control process as, for example, the light shift induced by an optical beam. The scheme is applicable to other atomic species, both in trapped and free fall configurations, and can be adopted to control the internal and/or external atomic degrees of freedom. Our method will open new possibilities in cavity-aided atom interferometry and in the preparation of highly nonclassical atomic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bertoldi
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C-H Feng
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - D S Naik
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - B Canuel
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P Bouyer
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IOGS, LP2N, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Prevedelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Huang WCW, Batelaan H, Arndt M. Kapitza-Dirac Blockade: A Universal Tool for the Deterministic Preparation of Non-Gaussian Oscillator States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:253601. [PMID: 34241507 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmonic oscillators count among the most fundamental quantum systems with important applications in molecular physics, nanoparticle trapping, and quantum information processing. Their equidistant energy level spacing is often a desired feature, but at the same time a challenge if the goal is to deterministically populate specific eigenstates. Here, we show how interference in the transition amplitudes in a bichromatic laser field can suppress the sequential climbing of harmonic oscillator states (Kapitza-Dirac blockade) and achieve selective excitation of energy eigenstates, cat states, and other non-Gaussian states. This technique can transform the harmonic oscillator into a coherent two-level system or be used to build a large-momentum-transfer beam splitter for matter waves. To illustrate the universality of the concept, we discuss feasible experiments that cover many orders of magnitude in mass, from single electrons over large molecules to dielectric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Herman Batelaan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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