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Molpeceres G, Tsuge M, Furuya K, Watanabe N, San Andrés D, Rivilla VM, Colzi L, Aikawa Y. Carbon Atom Condensation on NH 3-H 2O Ices. An Alternative Pathway to Interstellar Methanimine and Methylamine. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38709949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the nature and behavior of carbon atoms interacting with interstellar ices has prompted a number of investigations on the chemistry initiated by carbon accretion on icy interstellar dust. In this work, we expand the range of processes promoted by carbon accretion to the chemistry initiated by the interaction of this atom with ammonia (NH3) using quantum chemical calculations. We found that carbon addition to the ammonia molecule forms a rather stable radical, CNH3, that is easily hydrogenated. The complete hydrogenation network is later studied. Our calculations reveal that while conversion to simpler molecules like HCN and HNC is indeed a possible outcome promoted by H-abstraction reactions, methylamine is also easily formed (CH3NH2). In fact, the stability of methylamine against hydrogen abstraction makes this molecule the preferred product of the reaction network. Our results serve as a stepping stone toward the accurate modeling of C-addition reactions in realistic astrochemical kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Molpeceres
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
- Departamento de Astrofísica Molecular, Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF-CSIC), C/Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Masashi Tsuge
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kenji Furuya
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - David San Andrés
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M Rivilla
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Colzi
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuri Aikawa
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113 0033, Japan
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Tonauer CM, Fidler LR, Giebelmann J, Yamashita K, Loerting T. Nucleation and growth of crystalline ices from amorphous ices. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:141001. [PMID: 37061482 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review mostly experimental and some computational work devoted to nucleation in amorphous ices. In fact, there are only a handful of studies in which nucleation and growth in amorphous ices are investigated as two separate processes. In most studies, crystallization temperatures Tx or crystallization rates RJG are accessed for the combined process. Our Review deals with different amorphous ices, namely, vapor-deposited amorphous solid water (ASW) encountered in many astrophysical environments; hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) produced from μm-droplets of liquid water; and low density amorphous (LDA), high density amorphous (HDA), and very high density amorphous (VHDA) ices produced via pressure-induced amorphization of ice I or from high-pressure polymorphs. We cover the pressure range of up to about 6 GPa and the temperature range of up to 270 K, where only the presence of salts allows for the observation of amorphous ices at such high temperatures. In the case of ASW, its microporosity and very high internal surface to volume ratio are the key factors determining its crystallization kinetics. For HGW, the role of interfaces between individual glassy droplets is crucial but mostly neglected in nucleation or crystallization studies. In the case of LDA, HDA, and VHDA, parallel crystallization kinetics to different ice phases is observed, where the fraction of crystallized ices is controlled by the heating rate. A key aspect here is that in different experiments, amorphous ices of different "purities" are obtained, where "purity" here means the "absence of crystalline nuclei." For this reason, "preseeded amorphous ice" and "nuclei-free amorphous ice" should be distinguished carefully, which has not been done properly in most studies. This makes a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories very hard, and even results obtained in the same laboratory are affected by very small changes in the preparation protocol. In terms of mechanism, the results are consistent with amorphous ices turning into an ultraviscous, deeply supercooled liquid prior to nucleation. However, especially in preseeded amorphous ices, crystallization from the preexisting nuclei takes place simultaneously. To separate the time scales of crystallization from the time scale of structure relaxation cleanly, the goal needs to be to produce amorphous ices free from crystalline ice nuclei. Such ices have only been produced in very few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilli-Ruth Fidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Giebelmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keishiro Yamashita
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Sacchi M, Tamtögl A. Water adsorption and dynamics on graphene and other 2D materials: Computational and experimental advances. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2022; 8:2134051. [PMID: 36816858 PMCID: PMC7614201 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of water and surfaces, at molecular level, is of critical importance for understanding processes such as corrosion, friction, catalysis and mass transport. The significant literature on interactions with single crystal metal surfaces should not obscure unknowns in the unique behaviour of ice and the complex relationships between adsorption, diffusion and long-range inter-molecular interactions. Even less is known about the atomic-scale behaviour of water on novel, non-metallic interfaces, in particular on graphene and other 2D materials. In this manuscript, we review recent progress in the characterisation of water adsorption on 2D materials, with a focus on the nano-material graphene and graphitic nanostructures; materials which are of paramount importance for separation technologies, electrochemistry and catalysis, to name a few. The adsorption of water on graphene has also become one of the benchmark systems for modern computational methods, in particular dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). We then review recent experimental and theoretical advances in studying the single-molecular motion of water at surfaces, with a special emphasis on scattering approaches as they allow an unparalleled window of observation to water surface motion, including diffusion, vibration and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - A. Tamtögl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Potapov A, Fulvio D, Krasnokutski S, Jäger C, Henning T. Formation of Complex Organic and Prebiotic Molecules in H 2O:NH 3:CO 2 Ices at Temperatures Relevant to Hot Cores, Protostellar Envelopes, and Planet-Forming Disks. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1627-1639. [PMID: 35245052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry in H2O:NH3:CO2 cosmic ice analogues was studied at temperatures of 75, 120, and 150 K, relevant to hot cores and warmer regions in protostellar envelopes and planet-forming disks. A combination of two triggers of surface chemistry in cosmic ice analogues, heat and UV irradiation, compared to using either just heat or UV irradiation, leads to a larger variety and an increased production of complex organic molecules, including potential precursors of prebiotic molecules. In addition to complex organic molecules detected in previous studies of H2O:NH3:CO2 ices, ammonium carbamate, carbamic acid, ammonium formate and formamide, we detected acetaldehyde, urea, and, tentatively, glycine, the simplest amino acid. Water ice hampers reactions at low temperature (75 K) but allows the parent molecules, CO2 and NH3, to stay in the solid state and react at higher temperatures (120 and 150 K, above their desorption temperatures). The experiments were performed on the surface of KBr substrates and amorphous silicate grains, analogs of cosmic silicate dust. The production of complex molecules on the silicate surface is decreased compared to KBr. This result suggests that the larger surface area and/or surface properties of the silicate grains play a role in controlling the chemistry, preventing it taking place to the same extent as on the flat KBr substrate. This is further evidence of the fact that cosmic dust grains play an important role in the chemistry taking place on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniele Fulvio
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Salita Moiariello 16, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serge Krasnokutski
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Jäger
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Solid State Physics, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Serra-Peralta M, Domínguez-Dalmases C, Rimola A. Water formation on interstellar silicates: the role of Fe 2+/H 2 interactions in the O + H 2 → H 2O reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28381-28393. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Water formation by reaction of H2 and O on silicate surfaces as a first step towards the generation of interstellar ice mantles is possible thanks to the activation of H2 inferred by Fe2+ ions and quantum tunnelling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Serra-Peralta
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Albert Rimola
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Potapov A, McCoustra M. Physics and chemistry on the surface of cosmic dust grains: a laboratory view. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2021.1918498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin McCoustra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Santoro G, Sobrado JM, Tajuelo-Castilla G, Accolla M, Martínez L, Azpeitia J, Lauwaet K, Cernicharo J, Ellis GJ, Martín-Gago JÁ. INFRA-ICE: An ultra-high vacuum experimental station for laboratory astrochemistry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:124101. [PMID: 33379937 PMCID: PMC7116743 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory astrochemistry aims at simulating, in the laboratory, some of the chemical and physical processes that operate in different regions of the universe. Amongst the diverse astrochemical problems that can be addressed in the laboratory, the evolution of cosmic dust grains in different regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) and its role in the formation of new chemical species through catalytic processes present significant interest. In particular, the dark clouds of the ISM dust grains are coated by icy mantles and it is thought that the ice-dust interaction plays a crucial role in the development of the chemical complexity observed in space. Here, we present a new ultra-high vacuum experimental station devoted to simulating the complex conditions of the coldest regions of the ISM. The INFRA-ICE machine can be operated as a standing alone setup or incorporated in a larger experimental station called Stardust, which is dedicated to simulate the formation of cosmic dust in evolved stars. As such, INFRA-ICE expands the capabilities of Stardust allowing the simulation of the complete journey of cosmic dust in space, from its formation in asymptotic giant branch stars to its processing and interaction with icy mantles in molecular clouds. To demonstrate some of the capabilities of INFRA-ICE, we present selected results on the ultraviolet photochemistry of undecane (C11H24) at 14 K. Aliphatics are part of the carbonaceous cosmic dust, and recently, aliphatics and short n-alkanes have been detected in situ in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús. M. Sobrado
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC). Crta. de Torrejón a Ajalvir km4, E-28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Tajuelo-Castilla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Accolla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Azpeitia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanociencia. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Cernicharo
- Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF, CSIC). Group of Molecular Astrophysics. c/ Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary J. Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP, CSIC). c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC). Materials Science Factory. Structure of Nanoscopic Systems Group. c/ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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