1
|
Wang J, Zuo Y, Wang X, Christodoulides DN, Siviloglou GA, Chen JF. Spatiotemporal Single-Photon Airy Bullets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:143601. [PMID: 38640368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Uninhibited control of the complex spatiotemporal quantum wave function of a single photon has so far remained elusive even though it can dramatically increase the encoding flexibility and thus the information capacity of a photonic quantum link. By fusing temporal waveform generation in an atomic ensemble and spatial single-photon shaping, we hereby demonstrate for the first time complete spatiotemporal control of a propagation invariant (2+1)D Airy single-photon optical bullet. These correlated photons are not only self-accelerating and impervious to spreading as their classical counterparts, but can be concealed and revealed in the presence of strong classical stray light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - Xingchang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - Demetrios N Christodoulides
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Georgios A Siviloglou
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - J F Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu HH, Alshowkan M, Myilswamy KV, Weiner AM, Lukens JM, Peters NA. Generation and characterization of ultrabroadband polarization-frequency hyperentangled photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6031-6034. [PMID: 37966781 DOI: 10.1364/ol.503127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We generate ultrabroadband photon pairs entangled in both polarization and frequency bins through an all-waveguided Sagnac source covering the entire optical C- and L-bands (1530-1625 nm). We perform comprehensive characterization of high-fidelity states in multiple dense wavelength-division multiplexed channels, achieving full tomography of effective four-qubit systems. Additionally, leveraging the inherent high dimensionality of frequency encoding and our electro-optic measurement approach, we demonstrate the scalability of our system to higher dimensions, reconstructing states in a 36-dimensional Hilbert space consisting of two polarization qubits and two frequency-bin qutrits. Our findings hold potential significance for quantum networking, particularly dense coding and entanglement distillation in wavelength-multiplexed quantum networks.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiriano F, Ho J, Morrison CL, Webb JW, Pickston A, Graffitti F, Fedrizzi A. Hyper-entanglement between pulse modes and frequency bins. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:35131-35142. [PMID: 37859251 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-entanglement between two or more photonic degrees of freedom (DOF) can enhance and enable new quantum protocols by allowing each DOF to perform the task it is optimally suited for. Here we demonstrate the generation of photon pairs hyper-entangled between pulse modes and frequency bins. The pulse modes are generated via parametric downconversion in a domain-engineered crystal and subsequently entangled to two frequency bins via a spectral mapping technique. The resulting hyper-entangled state is characterized and verified via measurement of its joint spectral intensity and non-classical two-photon interference patterns from which we infer its spectral phase. The protocol combines the robustness to loss, intrinsic high dimensionality and compatibility with standard fiber-optic networks of the energy-time DOF with the ability of hyper-entanglement to increase the capacity and efficiency of the quantum channel, already exploited in recent experimental applications in both quantum information and quantum computation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamazaki T, Arizono T, Kobayashi T, Ikuta R, Yamamoto T. Linear Optical Quantum Computation with Frequency-Comb Qubits and Passive Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:200602. [PMID: 37267568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a linear optical quantum computation scheme using time-frequency degrees of freedom. In this scheme, a qubit is encoded in single-photon frequency combs, and manipulation of the qubits is performed using time-resolving detectors, beam splitters, and optical interleavers. This scheme does not require active devices such as high-speed switches and electro-optic modulators and is robust against temporal and spectral errors, which are mainly caused by the detectors' finite resolution. We show that current technologies almost meet the requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Arizono
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Rikizo Ikuta
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu Y, Jia WZ, Yan CH. Single-photon switches, beam splitters, and circulators based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11142-11155. [PMID: 37155756 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon devices such as switches, beam splitters, and circulators are fundamental components to construct photonic integrated quantum networks. In this paper, two V-type three-level atoms coupled to a waveguide are proposed to simultaneously realize these functions as a multifunctional and reconfigurable single-photon device. When both the two atoms are driven by the external coherent fields, the difference in the phases of the coherent driving induces the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. Based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect and setting the two-atom distance to match the constructive or destructive interference conditions among photons travelling along different paths, a single-photon switch is achieved since the incident single photon can be controlled from complete transmission to complete reflection by adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields. When properly changing the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields, the incident photons are split equally into multiple components as a beam splitter operated with different frequencies. Meanwhile, the single-photon circulator with reconfigurable circulation directions can also be obtained.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie H, He LW, Liao CG, Chen ZH, Lin XM. Generation of robust optical entanglement in cavity optomagnonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7994-8004. [PMID: 36859918 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize robust optical entanglement in cavity optomagnonics, where two optical whispering gallery modes (WGMs) couple to a magnon mode in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. The beam-splitter-like and two-mode squeezing magnon-photon interactions can be realized simultaneously when the two optical WGMs are driven by external fields. Entanglement between the two optical modes is then generated via their coupling with magnons. By exploiting the destructive quantum interference between the bright modes of the interface, the effects of initial thermal occupations of magnons can be eliminated. Moreover, the excitation of the Bogoliubov dark mode is capable of protecting the optical entanglement from thermal heating effects. Therefore, the generated optical entanglement is robust against thermal noise and the requirement of cooling the magnon mode is relaxed. Our scheme may find applications in the study of magnon-based quantum information processing.
Collapse
|
7
|
Seshadri S, Lu HH, Leaird DE, Weiner AM, Lukens JM. Complete Frequency-Bin Bell Basis Synthesizer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:230505. [PMID: 36563196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.230505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental generation of all four frequency-bin Bell states in a single versatile setup via successive pumping of spontaneous parametric down-conversion with single and dual spectral lines. Our scheme utilizes intensity modulation to control the pump configuration and offers turn-key generation of any desired Bell state using only off-the-shelf telecommunication equipment. We employ Bayesian inference to reconstruct the density matrices of the generated Bell states, finding fidelities ≥97% for all cases. Additionally, we demonstrate the sensitivity of the frequency-bin Bell states to common-mode and differential-mode temporal delays traversed by the photons comprising the state-presenting the potential for either enhanced resolution or nonlocal sensing enabled by our complete Bell basis synthesizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Seshadri
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hsuan-Hao Lu
- Quantum Information Science Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Daniel E Leaird
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew M Weiner
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Joseph M Lukens
- Quantum Information Science Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Research Technology Office, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lohani S, Lukens J, Glasser RT, Searles TA, Kirby B. Data-Centric Machine Learning in Quantum Information Science. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ac9036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We propose a series of data-centric heuristics for improving the performance of machine learning systems when applied to problems in quantum information science. In particular, we consider how systematic engineering of training sets can significantly enhance the accuracy of pre-trained neural networks used for quantum state reconstruction without altering the underlying architecture. We find that it is not always optimal to engineer training sets to exactly match the expected distribution of a target scenario, and instead, performance can be further improved by biasing the training set to be slightly more mixed than the target. This is due to the heterogeneity in the number of free variables required to describe states of different purity, and as a result, overall accuracy of the network improves when training sets of a fixed size focus on states with the least constrained free variables. For further clarity, we also include a ``toy model'' demonstration of how spurious correlations can inadvertently enter synthetic data sets used for training, how the performance of systems trained with these correlations can degrade dramatically, and how the inclusion of even relatively few counterexamples can effectively remedy such problems.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu HH, Myilswamy KV, Bennink RS, Seshadri S, Alshaykh MS, Liu J, Kippenberg TJ, Leaird DE, Weiner AM, Lukens JM. Bayesian tomography of high-dimensional on-chip biphoton frequency combs with randomized measurements. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4338. [PMID: 35896534 PMCID: PMC9329349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing in large part to the advent of integrated biphoton frequency combs, recent years have witnessed increased attention to quantum information processing in the frequency domain for its inherent high dimensionality and entanglement compatible with fiber-optic networks. Quantum state tomography of such states, however, has required complex and precise engineering of active frequency mixing operations, which are difficult to scale. To address these limitations, we propose a solution that employs a pulse shaper and electro-optic phase modulator to perform random operations instead of mixing in a prescribed manner. We successfully verify the entanglement and reconstruct the full density matrix of biphoton frequency combs generated from an on-chip Si3N4 microring resonator in up to an 8 × 8-dimensional two-qudit Hilbert space, the highest dimension to date for frequency bins. More generally, our employed Bayesian statistical model can be tailored to a variety of quantum systems with restricted measurement capabilities, forming an opportunistic tomographic framework that utilizes all available data in an optimal way. Full tomography of biphoton frequency comb states requires frequency mixing operations which are hard to scale. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a protocol exploiting advanced Bayesian statistical methods and randomized measurements coming from complex mode mixing in electro-optic phase modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hao Lu
- Quantum Information Science Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. .,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Karthik V Myilswamy
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Ryan S Bennink
- Quantum Information Science Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Suparna Seshadri
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mohammed S Alshaykh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Leaird
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Torch Technologies, supporting AFRL/RW, Eglin Air Force Base, Shalimar, FL, 32542, USA
| | - Andrew M Weiner
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Joseph M Lukens
- Quantum Information Science Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| |
Collapse
|