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Wlazłowski G, Forbes MM, Sarkar SR, Marek A, Szpindler M. Fermionic quantum turbulence: Pushing the limits of high-performance computing. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae160. [PMID: 38711809 PMCID: PMC11070604 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms provide a platform for analog quantum computer capable of simulating the quantum turbulence that underlies puzzling phenomena like pulsar glitches in rapidly spinning neutron stars. Unlike other platforms like liquid helium, ultracold atoms have a viable theoretical framework for dynamics, but simulations push the edge of current classical computers. We present the largest simulations of fermionic quantum turbulence to date and explain the computing technology needed, especially improvements in the Eigenvalue soLvers for Petaflop Applications library that enable us to diagonalize matrices of record size (millions by millions). We quantify how dissipation and thermalization proceed in fermionic quantum turbulence by using the internal structure of vortices as a new probe of the local effective temperature. All simulation data and source codes are made available to facilitate rapid scientific progress in the field of ultracold Fermi gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Wlazłowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Ulica Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
| | - Michael McNeil Forbes
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Saptarshi Rajan Sarkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andreas Marek
- Max Planck Computing and Data Facility (MPCDF), 85741 Garching Near Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Szpindler
- Academic Computer Centre CYFRONET, AGH University of Krakow, Ulica Nawojki 11, 30-950 Cracow, Poland
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Faller H, Fery L, Geneste D, Dubrulle B. A Model of Interacting Navier-Stokes Singularities. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24070897. [PMID: 35885120 PMCID: PMC9319063 DOI: 10.3390/e24070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a model of interacting singularities of Navier-Stokes equations, named pinçons. They follow non-equilibrium dynamics, obtained by the condition that the velocity field around these singularities obeys locally Navier-Stokes equations. This model can be seen as a generalization of the vorton model of Novikov that was derived for the Euler equations. When immersed in a regular field, the pinçons are further transported and sheared by the regular field, while applying a stress onto the regular field that becomes dominant at a scale that is smaller than the Kolmogorov length. We apply this model to compute the motion of a pair of pinçons. A pinçon dipole is intrinsically repelling and the pinçons generically run away from each other in the early stage of their interaction. At a late time, the dissipation takes over, and the dipole dies over a viscous time scale. In the presence of a stochastic forcing, the dipole tends to orientate itself so that its components are perpendicular to their separation, and it can then follow during a transient time a near out-of-equilibrium state, with forcing balancing dissipation. In the general case where the pinçons have arbitrary intensity and orientation, we observe three generic dynamics in the early stage: one collapse with infinite dissipation, and two expansion modes, the dipolar anti-aligned runaway and an anisotropic aligned runaway. The collapse of a pair of pinçons follows several characteristics of the reconnection between two vortex rings, including the scaling of the distance between the two components, following Leray scaling tc-t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Faller
- Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.F.); (D.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Lucas Fery
- Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.F.); (D.G.); (B.D.)
- Department of Physics, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Damien Geneste
- Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.F.); (D.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Bérengère Dubrulle
- Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (H.F.); (D.G.); (B.D.)
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Vortex clustering, polarisation and circulation intermittency in classical and quantum turbulence. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7090. [PMID: 34876584 PMCID: PMC8651722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of turbulent flows is one of the biggest current challenges in physics, as no first-principles theory exists to explain their observed spatio-temporal intermittency. Turbulent flows may be regarded as an intricate collection of mutually-interacting vortices. This picture becomes accurate in quantum turbulence, which is built on tangles of discrete vortex filaments. Here, we study the statistics of velocity circulation in quantum and classical turbulence. We show that, in quantum flows, Kolmogorov turbulence emerges from the correlation of vortex orientations, while deviations-associated with intermittency-originate from their non-trivial spatial arrangement. We then link the spatial distribution of vortices in quantum turbulence to the coarse-grained energy dissipation in classical turbulence, enabling the application of existent models of classical turbulence intermittency to the quantum case. Our results provide a connection between the intermittency of quantum and classical turbulence and initiate a promising path to a better understanding of the latter.
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Kwon WJ, Del Pace G, Xhani K, Galantucci L, Muzi Falconi A, Inguscio M, Scazza F, Roati G. Sound emission and annihilations in a programmable quantum vortex collider. Nature 2021; 600:64-69. [PMID: 34853459 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In quantum fluids, the quantization of circulation forbids the diffusion of a vortex swirling flow seen in classical viscous fluids. Yet, accelerating quantum vortices may lose their energy into acoustic radiations1,2, similar to the way electric charges decelerate on emitting photons. The dissipation of vortex energy underlies central problems in quantum hydrodynamics3, such as the decay of quantum turbulence, highly relevant to systems as varied as neutron stars, superfluid helium and atomic condensates4,5. A deep understanding of the elementary mechanisms behind irreversible vortex dynamics has been a goal for decades3,6, but it is complicated by the shortage of conclusive experimental signatures7. Here we address this challenge by realizing a programmable vortex collider in a planar, homogeneous atomic Fermi superfluid with tunable inter-particle interactions. We create on-demand vortex configurations and monitor their evolution, taking advantage of the accessible time and length scales of ultracold Fermi gases8,9. Engineering collisions within and between vortex-antivortex pairs allows us to decouple relaxation of the vortex energy due to sound emission and that due to interactions with normal fluid (that is, mutual friction). We directly visualize how the annihilation of vortex dipoles radiates a sound pulse. Further, our few-vortex experiments extending across different superfluid regimes reveal non-universal dissipative dynamics, suggesting that fermionic quasiparticles localized inside the vortex core contribute significantly to dissipation, thereby opening the route to exploring new pathways for quantum turbulence decay, vortex by vortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Kwon
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - G Del Pace
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Xhani
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Galantucci
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Muzi Falconi
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Scazza
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Roati
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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