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Nielsen KK, Pohl T, Bruun GM. Nonequilibrium Hole Dynamics in Antiferromagnets: Damped Strings and Polarons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:246601. [PMID: 36563255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.246601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop a nonperturbative theory for hole dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin lattices, as described by the t-J model. This is achieved by generalizing the self-consistent Born approximation to nonequilibrium systems, making it possible to calculate the full time-dependent many-body wave function. Our approach reveals three distinct dynamical regimes, ultimately leading to the formation of magnetic polarons. Following the initial ballistic stage of the hole dynamics, coherent formation of string excitations gives rise to characteristic oscillations in the hole density. Their damping eventually leaves behind magnetic polarons that undergo ballistic motion with a greatly reduced velocity. The developed theory provides a rigorous framework for understanding nonequilibrium physics of defects in quantum magnets and quantitatively explains recent observations from cold-atom quantum simulations in the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Knakkergaard Nielsen
- Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - G M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Koepsell J, Bourgund D, Sompet P, Hirthe S, Bohrdt A, Wang Y, Grusdt F, Demler E, Salomon G, Gross C, Bloch I. Microscopic evolution of doped Mott insulators from polaronic metal to Fermi liquid. Science 2021; 374:82-86. [PMID: 34591626 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis Koepsell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dominik Bourgund
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pimonpan Sompet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirthe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Guillaume Salomon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
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