1
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Fiuza T, Sarkar M, Riedl J, Cousin F, Demouchy G, Depeyrot J, Dubois E, Perzynski R, Peyre V. Dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles in water/ionic liquid mixtures. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39044685 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of iron oxide are dispersed in mixtures of water and ionic liquid, here ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), and the NP/NP and NP/solvent interactions are studied. They are analysed via small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering coupled to forced Rayleigh scattering, from 22 °C to 80 °C. The NPs are well-dispersed as individual objects in the whole range of compositions and temperatures thanks to sufficient repulsion due to the organization of the solvents at the interface. The surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic around a proportion of 50 vol% water : 50 vol% EAN, following the evolution of the bulk mixtures, which remain heterogeneous in the whole range of compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fiuza
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Grupo Fluidos Complexos, Inst. de Fisica, Univ. de Brasilia, Brasilia (DF), Brazil
| | - M Sarkar
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - J Riedl
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - F Cousin
- Lab. Léon Brillouin, UMR CNRS 12, CE Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G Demouchy
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Dpt de Physique, Univ. de Cergy Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - J Depeyrot
- Grupo Fluidos Complexos, Inst. de Fisica, Univ. de Brasilia, Brasilia (DF), Brazil
| | - E Dubois
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - R Perzynski
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - V Peyre
- PHENIX UMR CNRS 8234, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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2
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Sarma R, Hardt S. Giant Thermoelectric Response of Confined Electrolytes with Thermally Activated Charge Carrier Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:098001. [PMID: 38489648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The thermoelectric response of thermally activated electrolytes (TAEs) in a slit channel is studied theoretically and by numerical simulations. The term TAE refers to electrolytes whose charge carrier concentration is a function of temperature, as recently suggested for ionic liquids and highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions. Two competing mechanisms driving charge transport by temperature gradients are identified. For suitable values of the activation energy that governs the generation of charge carriers, a giant thermoelectric response is found, which could help explain recent experimental results for nanoporous media infiltrated with TAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sarma
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Nano- und Mikrofluidik, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Cheng Z, Huang YJ, Zahiri B, Kwon P, Braun PV, Cahill DG. Ionic Peltier effect in Li-ion electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6708-6716. [PMID: 38321982 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05998g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The coupled transport of charge and heat provide fundamental insights into the microscopic thermodynamics and kinetics of materials. We describe a sensitive ac differential resistance bridge that enables measurements of the temperature difference on two sides of a coin cell with a resolution of better than 10 μK. We use this temperature difference metrology to determine the ionic Peltier coefficients of symmetric Li-ion electrochemical cells as a function of Li salt concentration, solvent composition, electrode material, and temperature. The Peltier coefficients Π are negative, i.e., heat flows in the direction opposite to the drift of Li ions in the applied electric field, large, -Π > 30 kJ mol-1, and increase with increasing temperature at T > 300 K. The Peltier coefficient is approximately constant on time scales that span the characteristic time for mass diffusion across the thickness of the electrolyte, suggesting that heat of transport plays a minor role in comparison to the changes in partial molar entropy of Li at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. Our work demonstrates a new platform for studying the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of electrochemical cells and provides a window into the transport properties of electrochemical materials through measurements of temperature differences and heat currents that complement traditional measurements of voltages and charge currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Yu-Ju Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Beniamin Zahiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Patrick Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David G Cahill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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4
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Sultana A, Würger A, Khan Z, Liao M, Jonsson MP, Crispin R, Zhao D. The Origin of Thermal Gradient-Induced Voltage in Polyelectrolytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308102. [PMID: 38050937 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectric materials can generate large thermal voltages under temperature gradients while also being low-cost and environmentally friendly. Many electrolytes with large Seebeck coefficients are reported in recent years, however, the mechanism of the thermal voltage is remained elusive. In this work, three types of polyelectrolytes are studied with different cations and identified a significant contribution to their thermal voltage originating from a concentration gradient. This conclusion is based on studies of the loss and gain of water upon temperature changes, variations in conductivity with water content and temperature, and the voltages induced by changes in water content. The results are analyzed by the "hopping mode" dynamics of charge transport in electrolytes. The hydration of different cations influences the water concentration gradient, which affects the barrier height and ion-induced potential in the electrodes. This work shows that the hydro-voltage in ionic thermoelectric devices can be one order of magnitude larger than the contribution from thermodiffusion-induced potentials, and becomes the main contributor to energy harvesting when implemented into ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors. Together with the rationalized theoretical discussion, this work clarifies the mechanism of thermal voltages in electrolytes and provides a new path for the development of ionic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sultana
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Alois Würger
- University of Bordeaux & CNRS, LOMA (UMR 5798), Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Ziyauddin Khan
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Mingna Liao
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Reverant Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Dan Zhao
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
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Fiuza T, Sarkar M, Riedl JC, Beaughon M, Torres Bautista BE, Bhattacharya K, Cousin F, Barruet E, Demouchy G, Depeyrot J, Dubois E, Gélébart F, Geertsen V, Mériguet G, Michot L, Nakamae S, Perzynski R, Peyre V. Ion specific tuning of nanoparticle dispersion in an ionic liquid: a structural, thermoelectric and thermo-diffusive investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28911-28924. [PMID: 37855156 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Dispersions of charged maghemite nanoparticles (NPs) in EAN (ethylammonium nitrate) a reference Ionic Liquid (IL) are studied here using a number of static and dynamical experimental techniques; small angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays and of neutrons, dynamical light scattering and forced Rayleigh scattering. Particular insight is provided regarding the importance of tuning the ionic species present at the NP/IL interface. In this work we compare the effect of Li+, Na+ or Rb+ ions. Here, the nature of these species has a clear influence on the short-range spatial organisation of the ions at the interface and thus on the colloidal stability of the dispersions, governing both the NP/NP and NP/IL interactions, which are both evaluated here. The overall NP/NP interaction is either attractive or repulsive. It is characterised by determining, thanks to the SAS techniques, the second virial coefficient A2, which is found to be independent of temperature. The NP/IL interaction is featured by the dynamical effective charge ξeff0 of the NPs and by their entropy of transfer ŜNP (or equivalently their heat of transport ) determined here thanks to thermoelectric and thermodiffusive measurements. For repulsive systems, an activated process rules the temperature dependence of these two latter quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fiuza
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
- Grupo de Fluidos Complexos, Inst. de Fisíca, Univ. de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - M Sarkar
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - J C Riedl
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - M Beaughon
- Service de Physique de l'état condensé, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, CEDEX, France
| | - B E Torres Bautista
- Service de Physique de l'état condensé, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, CEDEX, France
| | - K Bhattacharya
- Service de Physique de l'état condensé, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, CEDEX, France
| | - F Cousin
- Lab. Léon Brillouin-UMR 12 CNRS-CEA CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Barruet
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE-LIONS, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, CEDEX, France
| | - G Demouchy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
- Univ. de Cergy Pontoise-Dpt de physique, 33 Bd du Port, 95011 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - J Depeyrot
- Grupo de Fluidos Complexos, Inst. de Fisíca, Univ. de Brasília, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - E Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - F Gélébart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - V Geertsen
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE-LIONS, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, CEDEX, France
| | - G Mériguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - L Michot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - S Nakamae
- Service de Physique de l'état condensé, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, CEDEX, France
| | - R Perzynski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - V Peyre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Zhang W, Liu X, Jiao K, Wang Q, Yang C, Zhao C. Ion Steric Effect Induces Giant Enhancement of Thermoelectric Conversion in Electrolyte-Filled Nanochannels. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8264-8271. [PMID: 37590911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic thermoelectricity in nanochannels has received increasing attention because of its advantages, such as high Seebeck coefficient and low cost. However, most studies have focused on dilute simple electrolytes that neglect the effects of finite ion sizes and short-range electrostatic correlation. Here, we reveal a new thermoelectric mechanism arising from the coupling of the ion steric effect due to finite ion sizes and ion thermodiffusion in electric double layers, using both theoretical and numerical methods. We show that this mechanism can significantly enhance the thermoelectric response in nanoconfined electrolytes depending on the properties of electrolytes and nanochannels. Compared to the previously known mechanisms, the new mechanism can increase the Seebeck coefficient by 100% or even 1 order of magnitude enhancement under optimal conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate that the short-range electrostatic correlation can help preserve the Seebeck coefficient enhancement in a weaker confinement or in more concentrated electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinxi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiuwang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Cunlu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Cheng H, Ouyang J. Soret Effect of Ionic Liquid Gels for Thermoelectric Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10830-10842. [PMID: 36382894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cations and anions can accumulate at the two ends of an ionic conductor under temperature gradient, which is the so-called Soret effect. This can generate a voltage between the two electrodes, and the thermopower can be higher than that of the electronic conductors because of the Seebeck effect by 1-2 orders in magnitude. The thermoelectric properties of ionic conductors depend on the ionic thermopower, ionic conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Compared with other ionic conductors, like liquid electrolytes and hydrogels, ionogels made of an ionic liquid and a gelator can have the advantages of high thermopower and high stability. Great progress was recently made to improve the ionic conductivity and/or ionic thermopower of ionogels. They can be used in ionic thermoelectric capacitors (ITECs) to harvest heat. In addition, they can be integrated with electronic thermoelectric materials to harvest heat from both temperature gradient and temperature fluctuation, which can be caused by waste heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117575, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu215000, China
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Bhan L, Covington CL, Varga K. Laser-Driven Petahertz Electron Ratchet Nanobubbles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4240-4245. [PMID: 35561279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A laser-driven quantum electron ratchet nanodevice is proposed. The ratchet consists of a series of disconnected bubble-shaped nanodiode structures with a sharp tip to induce a large field enhancement. A laser pulse is used to create a plasmon oscillation in the vertical direction, and the shape of the bubble funnels the electrons toward the sharp tip leading to net electron transport in the horizontal direction. The electron current carries the fingerprint of the driving laser field. The system is modeled by using the time-dependent orbital free density functional theory with nanostructures containing thousands of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Cody L Covington
- Department of Chemistry, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044, United States
| | - Kálmán Varga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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9
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Zhao K, Zhu C, Zhu M, Chen H, Lei J, Ren Q, Wei TR, Qiu P, Xu F, Chen L, He J, Shi X. Structural Modularization of Cu 2 Te Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108573. [PMID: 35293020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, thermoelectric materials research stays focused on optimizing the material's band edge details and disfavors low mobility. Here, the paradigm is shifted from the band edge to the mobility edge, exploring high thermoelectricity near the border of band conduction and hopping. Through coalloying iodine and sulfur, the plain crystal structure is modularized of liquid-like thermoelectric material Cu2 Te with mosaic nanograins and the highly size mismatched S/Te sublattice that chemically quenches the Cu sublattice and drives the electronic states from itinerant to localized. A state-of-the-art figure of merit of 1.4 is obtained at 850 K for Cu2 (S0.4 I0.1 Te0.5 ); and remarkably, it is achieved near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit unlike mainstream thermoelectric materials that are band conductors. Broadly, pairing structural modularization with the high performance near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit paves an important new path towards the rational design of high-performance thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Wuzhen Laboratory, Tongxiang, 314500, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro-System and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jingdan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qingyong Ren
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian-Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Wuzhen Laboratory, Tongxiang, 314500, China
| | - Pengfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0978, USA
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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