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Choi HG, Jung S, Lu P, Takhistov V. Coexistence Test of Primordial Black Holes and Particle Dark Matter from Diffractive Lensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:101002. [PMID: 39303244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
If dark matter (DM) consists of primordial black holes (PBHs) and particles simultaneously, PBHs are generically embedded within particle DM halos. Such "dressed PBHs" (dPBHs) are subject to modified constraints compared to PBHs and can contribute to significant DM abundance in the mass range 10^{-1}-10^{2}M_{⊙}. We show that diffractive lensing of chirping gravitational waves from binary mergers can not only discover, but can also identify dPBH lenses and discriminate them from bare PBHs on the event-by-event basis, with potential to definitively establish the coexistence of subdominant PBHs and particle DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Volodymyr Takhistov
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP, WPI), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Theory Center, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
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Bhattacharya S, Dasgupta B, Laha R, Ray A. Can LIGO Detect Nonannihilating Dark Matter? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:091401. [PMID: 37721848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter (DM) from the galactic halo can accumulate in neutron stars and transmute them into sub-2.5M_{⊙} black holes if the dark matter particles are heavy, stable, and have interactions with nucleons. We show that nondetection of gravitational waves from mergers of such low-mass black holes can constrain the interactions of nonannihilating dark matter particles with nucleons. We find benchmark constraints with LIGO O3 data, viz., σ_{χn}≥O(10^{-47}) cm^{2} for bosonic DM with m_{χ}∼PeV (or m_{χ}∼GeV, if they can Bose-condense) and ≥O(10^{-46}) cm^{2} for fermionic DM with m_{χ}∼10^{3} PeV. These bounds depend on the priors on DM parameters and on the currently uncertain binary neutron star merger rate density. However, with increased exposure by the end of this decade, LIGO will probe cross sections that are many orders of magnitude below the neutrino floor and completely test the dark matter solution to missing pulsars in the Galactic center, demonstrating a windfall science case for gravitational wave detectors as probes of particle dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basudeb Dasgupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ranjan Laha
- Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Anupam Ray
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Lu P, Takhistov V, Fuller GM. Signatures of a High Temperature QCD Transition in the Early Universe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:221002. [PMID: 37327409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.221002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Beyond-Standard-Model extensions of QCD could result in quark and gluon confinement occurring well above at temperature around the GeV scale. These models can also alter the order of the QCD phase transition. Therefore, the enhanced production of primordial black holes (PBHs) that can accompany the change in relativistic degrees of freedom at the QCD transition could favor the production of PBHs with mass scales smaller than the Standard Model QCD horizon scale. Consequently, and unlike PBHs associated with a standard GeV-scale QCD transition, such PBHs can account for all the dark matter abundance in the unconstrained asteroid-mass window. This links beyond-Standard-Model modifications of QCD physics over a broad range of unexplored temperature regimes (around 10-10^{3} TeV) with microlensing surveys searching for PBHs. Additionally, we discuss implications of these models for gravitational wave experiments. We show that a first-order QCD phase transition at around 7 TeV is consistent with the Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam candidate event, while a transition of around 70 GeV is consistent with OGLE candidate events and could also account for the claimed NANOGrav gravitational wave signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lu
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Volodymyr Takhistov
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP, WPI), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Theory Center, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - George M Fuller
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Zhang F. Primordial black holes and scalar induced gravitational waves from the
E
model with a Gauss-Bonnet term. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.063539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Carr B, Kohri K, Sendouda Y, Yokoyama J. Constraints on primordial black holes. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:116902. [PMID: 34874316 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac1e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We update the constraints on the fraction of the Universe that may have gone into primordial black holes (PBHs) over the mass range 10-5to 1050 g. Those smaller than ∼1015 g would have evaporated by now due to Hawking radiation, so their abundance at formation is constrained by the effects of evaporated particles on big bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the Galactic and extragalacticγ-ray and cosmic ray backgrounds and the possible generation of stable Planck mass relics. PBHs larger than ∼1015 g are subject to a variety of constraints associated with gravitational lensing, dynamical effects, influence on large-scale structure, accretion and gravitational waves. We discuss the constraints on both the initial collapse fraction and the current fraction of the dark matter (DM) in PBHs at each mass scale but stress that many of the constraints are associated with observational or theoretical uncertainties. We also consider indirect constraints associated with the amplitude of the primordial density fluctuations, such as second-order tensor perturbations andμ-distortions arising from the effect of acoustic reheating on the CMB, if PBHs are created from the high-σpeaks of nearly Gaussian fluctuations. Finally we discuss how the constraints are modified if the PBHs have an extended mass function, this being relevant if PBHs provide some combination of the DM, the LIGO/Virgo coalescences and the seeds for cosmic structure. Even if PBHs make a small contribution to the DM, they could play an important cosmological role and provide a unique probe of the early Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Carr
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kohri
- Theory Center, IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - Yuuiti Sendouda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Yokoyama
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Trans-Scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Richards CB, Baumgarte TW, Shapiro SL. Accretion onto a small black hole at the center of a neutron star. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D. (2016) 2021; 103:104009. [PMID: 34651092 PMCID: PMC8507166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the system consisting of a neutron star that harbors a small, possibly primordial, black hole at its center, focusing on a nonspinning black hole embedded in a nonrotating neutron star. Extending earlier treatments, we provide an analytical treatment describing the rate of secular accretion of the neutron star matter onto the black hole, adopting the relativistic Bondi accretion formalism for stiff equations of state that we presented elsewhere. We use these accretion rates to sketch the evolution of the system analytically until the neutron star is completely consumed. We also perform numerical simulations in full general relativity for black holes with masses up to nine orders of magnitude smaller than the neutron star mass, including a simulation of the entire evolution through collapse for the largest black hole mass. We construct relativistic initial data for these simulations by generalizing the black hole puncture method to allow for the presence of matter, and evolve these data with a code that is optimally designed to resolve the vastly different length scales present in this problem. We compare our analytic and numerical results, and provide expressions for the lifetime of neutron stars harboring such endoparasitic black holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B Richards
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine 04011, USA
| | - Thomas W Baumgarte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine 04011, USA
| | - Stuart L Shapiro
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Astronomy and NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Baumgarte TW, Shapiro SL. Neutron stars harboring a primordial black hole: Maximum survival time. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D. (2016) 2021; 103:L081303. [PMID: 34589636 PMCID: PMC8475653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.l081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We explore in general relativity the survival time of neutron stars that host an endoparasitic, possibly primordial, black hole at their center. Corresponding to the minimum steady-state Bondi accretion rate for adiabatic flow that we found earlier for stiff nuclear equations of state (EOSs), we derive analytically the maximum survival time after which the entire star will be consumed by the black hole. We also show that this maximum survival time depends only weakly on the stiffness for polytropic EOSs with Γ ≥ 5/3, so that this survival time assumes a nearly universal value that depends on the initial black-hole mass alone. Establishing such a value is important for constraining the contribution of primordial black holes in the mass range 10-16 M ⊙ ≲ M ≲ 10-10 M ⊙ to the dark-matter content of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Baumgarte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine 04011, USA
| | - Stuart L Shapiro
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Astronomy and NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Dasgupta B, Laha R, Ray A. Low Mass Black Holes from Dark Core Collapse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141105. [PMID: 33891461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unusual masses of black holes being discovered by gravitational wave experiments pose fundamental questions about the origin of these black holes. Black holes with masses smaller than the Chandrasekhar limit ≈1.4 M_{⊙} are essentially impossible to produce through stellar evolution. We propose a new channel for production of low mass black holes: stellar objects catastrophically accrete nonannihilating dark matter, and the small dark core subsequently collapses, eating up the host star and transmuting it into a black hole. The wide range of allowed dark matter masses allows a smaller effective Chandrasekhar limit and thus smaller mass black holes. We point out several avenues to test our proposal, focusing on the redshift dependence of the merger rate. We show that redshift dependence of the merger rate can be used as a probe of the transmuted origin of low mass black holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Dasgupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ranjan Laha
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Anupam Ray
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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