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Wang G, Dijkstal P, Reiche S, Schnorr K, Prat E. Millijoule Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from an Efficient Fresh-Slice Multistage Free-Electron Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:035002. [PMID: 38307082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We present the generation of x-ray pulses with average pulse energies up to one millijoule and rms pulse durations down to the femtosecond level. We have produced these intense and short pulses by employing the fresh-slice multistage amplification scheme with a transversely tilted electron beam in a free-electron laser. In this scheme, a short pulse is produced in the first stage and later amplified by fresh parts of the electron bunch in up to a total of four stages of amplification. Our implementation is efficient, since practically the full electron beam contributes to produce the x-ray pulse. Our implementation is also compact, utilizing only 32 m of undulator. The demonstration was done at Athos, the soft x-ray beamline of SwissFEL, which was designed with high flexibility to take full advantage of the multistage amplification scheme. It opens the door for scientific opportunities following ultrafast dynamics using nonlinear x-ray spectroscopy techniques or avoiding electronic damage when capturing structures with a single intense pulse via single-particle imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Prat E, Al Haddad A, Arrell C, Augustin S, Boll M, Bostedt C, Calvi M, Cavalieri AL, Craievich P, Dax A, Dijkstal P, Ferrari E, Follath R, Ganter R, Geng Z, Hiller N, Huppert M, Ischebeck R, Juranić P, Kittel C, Knopp G, Malyzhenkov A, Marcellini F, Neppl S, Reiche S, Sammut N, Schietinger T, Schmidt T, Schnorr K, Trisorio A, Vicario C, Voulot D, Wang G, Weilbach T. An X-ray free-electron laser with a highly configurable undulator and integrated chicanes for tailored pulse properties. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5069. [PMID: 37604879 PMCID: PMC10442322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are state-of-the-art scientific tools capable to study matter on the scale of atomic processes. Since the initial operation of X-ray FELs more than a decade ago, several facilities with upgraded performance have been put in operation. Here we present the first lasing results of Athos, the soft X-ray FEL beamline of SwissFEL at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Athos features an undulator layout based on short APPLE-X modules providing full polarisation control, interleaved with small magnetic chicanes. This versatile configuration allows for many operational modes, giving control over many FEL properties. We show, for example, a 35% reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation with respect to standard undulator configurations. We also demonstrate the generation of more powerful pulses than the ones obtained in typical undulators. Athos represents a fundamental step forward in the design of FEL facilities, creating opportunities in FEL-based sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Prat
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Sven Augustin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marco Boll
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Calvi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Adrian L Cavalieri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Dax
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Eugenio Ferrari
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Follath
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ganter
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zheqiao Geng
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Hiller
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huppert
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Pavle Juranić
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kittel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Malta, MSD2080, Msida, Malta
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Malyzhenkov
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Neppl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sven Reiche
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carlo Vicario
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Didier Voulot
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Guanglei Wang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Zhang L, Li Z, Liu D, Wu C, Xu H, Li Z. Entangled X-Ray Photon Pair Generation by Free-Electron Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:073601. [PMID: 37656859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate entangled x-ray photon pair emissions in a free-electron laser (FEL) and establish a quantum electrodynamical theory for coherently amplified entangled photon pair emission from microbunched electron pulses in the undulator. We provide a scheme to generate highly entangled x-ray photon pairs and numerically demonstrate the properties of entangled emission, which is of great importance in x-ray quantum optics. Our work shows a unique advantage of FELs in entangled x-ray photon pair generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zunqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Physics Department, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
| | - Chengyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
| | - Haitan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Intelligent Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
- Shishan Laboratory, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
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Calvi M, Liang X, Ferrari E, Alarcon A, Prat E, Reiche S, Schmidt T, Voulot D, Zhang K, Ganter R. Versatile modulators for laser-based FEL seeding at SwissFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:276-283. [PMID: 36891841 PMCID: PMC10000804 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Paul Scherrer Institute is implementing laser-based seeding in the soft X-ray beamline (Athos) of its free-electron laser, SwissFEL, to enhance the temporal and spectral properties of the delivered photon pulses. This technique requires, among other components, two identical modulators for coupling the electron beam with an external laser with a wavelength range between 260 and 1600 nm. The design, magnetic measurements results, alignment, operation and also details of the novel and exotic magnetic configuration of the prototype are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvi
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Ferrari
- Large Research Facility, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- M Division, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arturo Alarcon
- Large Research Facility, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Prat
- Large Research Facility, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sven Reiche
- Large Research Facility, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Didier Voulot
- Large Research Facility, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kai Zhang
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ganter
- Large Research Facility, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Probing C60 Fullerenes from within Using Free Electron Lasers. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes, such as C60, are ideal systems to investigate energy redistribution following substantial excitation. Ultra-short and ultra-intense free electron lasers (FELs) have allowed molecular research in a new photon energy regime. FELs have allowed the study of the response of fullerenes to X-rays, which includes femtosecond multi-photon processes, as well as time-resolved ionization and fragmentation dynamics. This perspective: (1) provides a general introduction relevant to C60 research using photon sources, (2) reports on two specific X-ray FEL-based photoionization investigations of C60, at two different FEL fluences, one static and one time-resolved, and (3) offers a brief analysis and recommendations for future research.
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