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Lai DG, Miranowicz A, Nori F. Nonreciprocal Topological Phonon Transfer Independent of Both Device Mass and Exceptional-Point Encircling Direction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:243602. [PMID: 38949332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Imposing topological operations encircling an exceptional point (EP) engenders unconventional one-way topological phonon transfer (TPT), strictly depending on the direction of EP-inclusive control loops and inherently limited to the small-mass regime of practical resonators. We here show how to beat these limitations and predict a mass-free unidirectional TPT by combining topological operations with the Fizeau light-dragging effect, which splits countercirculating optical modes. An efficient TPT happens when light enters from one chosen side of the fiber but not from the other, leading to a unique nonreciprocal TPT, independent of the direction of winding around the EP. Unlike previous proposals naturally sensitive to both mass and quality of quantum devices, our approach is almost immune to these factors. Remarkably, its threshold duration of adiabatic control loops for maintaining an optimal TPT can be easily shortened, yielding a top-speed-tunable perfect TPT that has no counterpart in previous demonstrations. The study paves a quite-general route to exploiting profoundly different chiral topological effects, independent of both EP-encircling direction and device mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1040, USA
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2
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Carrara P, Brioschi M, Silvani R, Adeyeye AO, Panaccione G, Gubbiotti G, Rossi G, Cucini R. Coherent and Dissipative Coupling in a Magnetomechanical System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:216701. [PMID: 38856298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.216701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid elastic and spin waves hold promises for energy-efficient and versatile generation and detection of magnetic signals, with potentially long coherence times. Here we report on the combined elastic and magnetic dynamics in a one-dimensional magnetomechanical crystal composed of an array of magnetic nanostripes. Phononic and magnonic modes are impulsively excited by an optical ultrafast trigger and their decay is monitored by time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. Complementary Brillouin light scattering measurements and micromagnetic simulations concur in a unified picture, in which the strength and degree of mixing of coherent and dissipative coupling of the quasiparticles are determined quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Carrara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Cnr-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - M Brioschi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Cnr-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - R Silvani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A O Adeyeye
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - G Panaccione
- Cnr-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - G Gubbiotti
- Cnr-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Cnr-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - R Cucini
- Cnr-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
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3
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Bi MX, Fan H, Yan XH, Lai YC. Folding State within a Hysteresis Loop: Hidden Multistability in Nonlinear Physical Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:137201. [PMID: 38613259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Identifying hidden states in nonlinear physical systems that evade direct experimental detection is important as disturbances and noises can place the system in a hidden state with detrimental consequences. We study a cavity magnonic system whose main physics is photon and magnon Kerr effects. Sweeping a bifurcation parameter in numerical experiments (as would be done in actual experiments) leads to a hysteresis loop with two distinct stable steady states, but analytic calculation gives a third folded steady state "hidden" in the loop, which gives rise to the phenomenon of hidden multistability. We propose an experimentally feasible control method to drive the system into the folded hidden state. We demonstrate, through a ternary cavity magnonic system and a gene regulatory network, that such hidden multistability is in fact quite common. Our findings shed light on hidden dynamical states in nonlinear physical systems which are not directly observable but can present challenges and opportunities in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xia Bi
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Huawei Fan
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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4
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Moreno JN, Wächtler CW, Eisfeld A. Synchronized states in a ring of dissipatively coupled harmonic oscillators. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014308. [PMID: 38366418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The question under which conditions oscillators with slightly different frequencies synchronize appears in various settings. We consider the case of a finite number of harmonic oscillators arranged on a ring, with bilinear, dissipative nearest-neighbor coupling. We show that by tuning the gain and loss appropriately, stable synchronized dynamics may be achieved. These findings are interpreted using the complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the non-Hermitian matrix describing the dynamics of the system. We provide a complete discussion for the case of two oscillators. Ring sizes with a small number of oscillators are discussed taking the case of N=5 oscillators as an example. For N≳10 we focus on the case where the frequency fluctuations of each oscillator are chosen from a Gaussian distribution with zero mean and standard deviation σ. We derive a scaling law for the largest standard deviation σ_{full} that still permits all oscillators to be fully synchronized: σ_{full}∼N^{-3/2}. Finally, we discuss how such random fluctuations influence the timescale on which the synchronized state is reached and on which timescale the synchronized state then decays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan N Moreno
- Max Planck Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher W Wächtler
- Max Planck Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, 14476 Potsdam, Deutschland
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5
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Guo Z, Yang F, Zhang H, Wu X, Wu Q, Zhu K, Jiang J, Jiang H, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen H. Level pinning of anti- PT-symmetric circuits for efficient wireless power transfer. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad172. [PMID: 38116095 PMCID: PMC10727848 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology based on magnetic resonance (a basic physical phenomenon) can directly transfer energy from the source to the load without wires and other physical contacts, and has been successfully applied to implantable medical devices, electric vehicles, robotic arms and other fields. However, due to the frequency splitting of near-field coupling, the resonant WPT system has some unique limitations, such as poor transmission stability and low efficiency. Here, we propose anti-resonance with level pinning for high-performance WPT. By introducing the anti-resonance mode into the basic WPT platform, we uncover the competition between dissipative coupling and coherent coupling to achieve novel level pinning, and construct an effective anti-parity-time (anti-PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian system that is superior to previous PT-symmetric WPT schemes. On the one hand, the eigenvalue of the anti-PT-symmetric system at resonance frequency is always pure real in both strong and weak coupling regions, and can be used to overcome the transmission efficiency decrease caused by weak coupling, as brought about by, for example, a large size ratio of the transmitter to receiver, or a long transmission distance. On the other hand, due to the level pinning effect of the two kinds of coupling mechanisms, the working frequency of the system is guaranteed to be locked, so frequency tracking is not required when the position and size of the receiver change. Even if the system deviates from the matching condition, an efficient WPT can be realized, thereby demonstrating the robustness of the level pinning. The experimental results show that when the size ratio of the transmitter coil to the receiver coil is 4.29 (which is in the weak coupling region), the transfer efficiency of the anti-PT-symmetric system is nearly 4.3 (3.2) times higher than that of the PT-symmetric system when the matching conditions are satisfied (deviated). With the miniaturization and integration of devices in mind, a synthetic anti-PT-symmetric system is used to realize a robust WPT. Anti-PT-symmetric WPT technology based on the synthetic dimension not only provides a good research platform for the study of abundant non-Hermitian physics, but also provides a means of going beyond traditional near-field applications with resonance mechanisms, such as resonance imaging, wireless sensing and photonic routing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Fengqing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xian Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Kejia Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai201804, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai210804, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai201804, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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Nie W, Shi T, Liu YX, Nori F. Non-Hermitian Waveguide Cavity QED with Tunable Atomic Mirrors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:103602. [PMID: 37739354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical mirrors determine cavity properties by means of light reflection. Imperfect reflection gives rise to open cavities with photon loss. We study an open cavity made of atom-dimer mirrors with a tunable reflection spectrum. We find that the atomic cavity shows anti-PT symmetry. The anti-PT phase transition controlled by atomic couplings in mirrors indicates the emergence of two degenerate cavity supermodes. Interestingly, a threshold of mirror reflection is identified for realizing strong coherent cavity-atom coupling. This reflection threshold reveals the criterion of atomic mirrors to produce a good cavity. Moreover, cavity quantum electrodynamics with a probe atom shows mirror-tuned properties, including reflection-dependent polaritons formed by the cavity and probe atom. Our Letter presents a non-Hermitian theory of an anti-PT atomic cavity, which may have applications in quantum optics and quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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7
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Liu CW, Liu Y, Du L, Su WJ, Wu H, Li Y. Enhanced sensing of optomechanically induced nonlinearity by linewidth suppression and optical bistability in cavity-waveguide systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9236-9250. [PMID: 37157497 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the enhanced sensing of optomechanically induced nonlinearity (OMIN) in a cavity-waveguide coupled system. The Hamiltonian of the system is anti-PT symmetric, with the two involved cavities being dissipatively coupled via the waveguide. The anti-PT symmetry may break down when a weak waveguide-mediated coherent coupling is introduced. However, we find a strong bistable response of the cavity intensity to the OMIN near the cavity resonance, benefiting from linewidth suppression caused by the vacuum induced coherence. The joint effect of optical bistability and the linewidth suppression is inaccessible by the anti-PT symmetric system involving only dissipative coupling. Due to that, the sensitivity measured by an enhancement factor is greatly enhanced by two orders of magnitude compared to that for the anti-PT symmetric model. Moreover, the enhancement factor shows resistance to a reasonably large cavity decay and robustness to fluctuations in the cavity-waveguide detuning. Based on the integrated optomechanical cavity-waveguide systems, the scheme can be used for sensing different physical quantities related to the single-photon coupling strength and has potential applications in high-precision measurements with systems involving Kerr-type nonlinearity.
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Bian J, Lu P, Liu T, Wu H, Rao X, Wang K, Lao Q, Liu Y, Zhu F, Luo L. Quantum simulation of a general anti PT symmetric Hamiltonian with a trapped ion qubit. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Pal A, Modak S, Shukla A, Panigrahi PK. PT-symmetry and supersymmetry: interconnection of broken and unbroken phases. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The broken and unbroken phases of
P
T
and supersymmetry in optical systems are explored for a complex refractive index profile in the form of a Scarf potential, under the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The transition from unbroken to the broken phases of
P
T
-symmetry, with the merger of eigenfunctions near the exceptional point is found to arise from two distinct realizations of the potential, originating from the underlying supersymmetry. Interestingly, in
P
T
-symmetric phase, spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry occurs in a parametric domain, possessing non-trivial shape invariances, under reparametrization to yield the corresponding energy spectra. One also observes a parametric bifurcation behaviour in this domain. Unlike the real Scraf potential, in
P
T
-symmetric phase, a connection between complex isospecrtal superpotentials and modified Korteweg-de Vries equation occurs, only with certain restrictive parametric conditions. In the broken
P
T
-symmetry phase, supersymmetry is found to be intact in the entire parameter domain yielding the complex energy spectra, with zero-width resonance occurring at integral values of a potential parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adipta Pal
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Subhrajit Modak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Aradhya Shukla
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Prasanta K. Panigrahi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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