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Hu JD, Wang T, Lei QL, Ma YQ. Transformable Superisostatic Crystals Self-Assembled from Segment Colloidal Rods. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8073-8082. [PMID: 38456633 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Transformable mechanical structures can switch between distinct mechanical states. Whether this kind of structure can be self-assembled from simple building blocks at microscale is a question to be answered. In this work, we propose a self-assembly strategy for these structures based on a nematic monolayer of segmented colloidal rods with lateral cutting. By using Monte Carlo simulation, we find that rods with different cutting degrees can self-assemble into different crystals characterized by bond coordination z that varies from 3 to 6. Among these, we identify a transformable superisostatic structure with pgg symmetry and redundant bonds (z = 5). We show that this structure can support either soft bulk modes or soft edge modes depending on its Poisson's ratio, which can be tuned from positive to negative through a uniform soft deformation. We also prove that the bulk soft modes are associated with states of self-stress along the direction of zero strain during uniform soft deformation. The self-assembled transformable structures may act as mechanical metamaterials with potential applications in micromechanical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qun-Li Lei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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2
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Kedia H, Pan D, Slotine JJ, England JL. Drive-specific selection in multistable mechanical networks. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214106. [PMID: 38047510 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems with many stable configurations abound in nature, both in living and inanimate matter, encoding a rich variety of behaviors. In equilibrium, a multistable system is more likely to be found in configurations with lower energy, but the presence of an external drive can alter the relative stability of different configurations in unexpected ways. Living systems are examples par excellence of metastable nonequilibrium attractors whose structure and stability are highly dependent on the specific form and pattern of the energy flow sustaining them. Taking this distinctively lifelike behavior as inspiration, we sought to investigate the more general physical phenomenon of drive-specific selection in nonequilibrium dynamics. To do so, we numerically studied driven disordered mechanical networks of bistable springs possessing a vast number of stable configurations arising from the two stable rest lengths of each spring, thereby capturing the essential physical properties of a broad class of multistable systems. We found that there exists a range of forcing amplitudes for which the attractor states of driven disordered multistable mechanical networks are fine-tuned with respect to the pattern of external forcing to have low energy absorption from it. Additionally, we found that these drive-specific attractor states are further stabilized by precise matching between the multidimensional shape of their orbit and that of the potential energy well they inhabit. Lastly, we showed evidence of drive-specific selection in an experimental system and proposed a general method to estimate the range of drive amplitudes for drive-specific selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridesh Kedia
- Physics of Living Systems Group, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Deng Pan
- Physics of Living Systems Group, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Slotine
- Nonlinear Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Xiu H, Frankel I, Liu H, Qian K, Sarkar S, MacNider B, Chen Z, Boechler N, Mao X. Synthetically non-Hermitian nonlinear wave-like behavior in a topological mechanical metamaterial. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217928120. [PMID: 37094133 PMCID: PMC10161133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217928120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological mechanical metamaterials have enabled new ways to control stress and deformation propagation. Exemplified by Maxwell lattices, they have been studied extensively using a linearized formalism. Herein, we study a two-dimensional topological Maxwell lattice by exploring its large deformation quasi-static response using geometric numerical simulations and experiments. We observe spatial nonlinear wave-like phenomena such as harmonic generation, localized domain switching, amplification-enhanced frequency conversion, and solitary waves. We further map our linearized, homogenized system to a non-Hermitian, nonreciprocal, one-dimensional wave equation, revealing an equivalence between the deformation fields of two-dimensional topological Maxwell lattices and nonlinear dynamical phenomena in one-dimensional active systems. Our study opens a regime for topological mechanical metamaterials and expands their application potential in areas including adaptive and smart materials and mechanical logic, wherein concepts from nonlinear dynamics may be used to create intricate, tailored spatial deformation and stress fields greatly transcending conventional elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haning Xiu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Ian Frankel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Harry Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Kai Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | | | - Brianna MacNider
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Nicholas Boechler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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Dudte LH, Choi GPT, Becker KP, Mahadevan L. An additive framework for kirigami design. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:443-454. [PMID: 38177849 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We present an additive approach for the inverse design of kirigami-based mechanical metamaterials by focusing on the empty (negative) spaces instead of the solid tiles. By considering each negative space as a four-bar linkage, we identify a simple recursive relationship between adjacent linkages, yielding an efficient method for creating kirigami patterns. This allows us to solve the kirigami design problem using elementary linear algebra, with compatibility, reconfigurability and rigid-deployability encoded into an iterative procedure involving simple matrix multiplications. The resulting linear design strategy circumvents the solution of a non-convex global optimization problem and allows us to control the degrees of freedom in the deployment angle field, linkage offsets and boundary conditions. We demonstrate this by creating a large variety of rigid-deployable, compact, reconfigurable kirigami patterns. We then realize our kirigami designs physically using two simple but effective fabrication strategies with very different materials. Altogether, our additive approaches present routes for efficient mechanical metamaterial design and fabrication based on ori/kirigami art forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi H Dudte
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary P T Choi
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn P Becker
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Departments of Physics, and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Hima N, Bigoni D, Dal Corso F. Buckling versus unilateral constraint for a multistable metamaterial element. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20220021. [PMID: 35858080 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A structural element is designed and investigated, forming the basis for the development of an elastic multistable metamaterial. The leitmotif of the structural design is the implementation of a strut characterized by a bifurcation occurring at either vanishing tensile or compressive load. It is shown that buckling at null load leads to a mechanical equivalence with a unilateral constraint formulation, introducing shocks in dynamics. Towards a future analysis of the latter, the nonlinear quasi-static response is investigated, showing the multistable character of the structure, which may appear as bistable or tetrastable. This article is part of the theme issue 'Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hima
- DICAM, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
- FIP MEC srl, via Scapacchiò 41, Selvazzano Dentro PD 35030, Italy
| | - D Bigoni
- DICAM, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - F Dal Corso
- DICAM, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
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Zheng Y, Niloy I, Celli P, Tobasco I, Plucinsky P. Continuum Field Theory for the Deformations of Planar Kirigami. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:208003. [PMID: 35657884 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.208003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials exhibit exotic properties that emerge from the interactions of many nearly rigid building blocks. Determining these properties theoretically has remained an open challenge outside a few select examples. Here, for a large class of periodic and planar kirigami, we provide a coarse-graining rule linking the design of the panels and slits to the kirigami's macroscale deformations. The procedure gives a system of nonlinear partial differential equations expressing geometric compatibility of angle functions related to the motion of individual slits. Leveraging known solutions of the partial differential equations, we present an illuminating agreement between theory and experiment across kirigami designs. The results reveal a dichotomy of designs that deform with persistent versus decaying slit actuation, which we explain using the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90014, USA
| | - Imtiar Niloy
- Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Paolo Celli
- Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Ian Tobasco
- Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Paul Plucinsky
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90014, USA
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Dang X, Feng F, Duan H, Wang J. Theorem on the Compatibility of Spherical Kirigami Tessellations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:035501. [PMID: 35119892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.035501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a theorem on the compatibility upon deployment of kirigami tessellations restricted on a spherical surface with patterned slits forming freeform quadrilateral meshes. We show that the spherical kirigami tessellations have either one or two compatible states, i.e., there are at most two isolated strain-free configurations along the deployment path. The theorem further reveals that the rigid-to-floppy transition from spherical to planar kirigami tessellations is possible if and only if the slits form parallelogram voids along with vanishing Gaussian curvature, which is also confirmed by an energy analysis and simulations. On the application side, we show a design of bistable spherical domelike structure based on the theorem. Our study provides new insights into the rational design of morphable structures based on Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Huiling Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAPT-HEDPS, and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAPT-HEDPS, and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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