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Taghizadeh K, Luding S, Basak R, Kondic L. Understanding slow compression of frictional granular particles by network analysis. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6440-6457. [PMID: 39091225 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We consider frictional granular packings exposed to quasi-static compression rates, with a focus on systems above the jamming transition. For frictionless packings, earlier work (S. Luding et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18(9), 1868-1884) has uncovered that the system evolution/response involves smooth evolution phases, interrupted by fast transitions (events). The general finding is that the force networks' static quantities correlate closely with the pressure, while their evolution resembles the kinetic energy for both frictionless and frictional packings. The former represents reversible (elastic) particle deformations with affine and non-affine components, whereas the latter also involves much stronger, irreversible (plastic) rearrangements of the packings. Events are associated with jumps in the overall kinetic energy as well as dramatic changes in the force networks describing the particle micro-structure. The frictional nature of particle interactions affects both their frequency and the relevant time scale magnitude. For intermediate friction, events are often followed by an unexpected slow-down during which the kinetic energy drops below its average value. We find that these slow-downs are associated with a significant decrease in the non-affine dynamics of the particles, and are strongly influenced by friction. Friction modifies the structure of the networks, both through the typical number of contacts of a particle, and by influencing topological features of the resulting networks. Furthermore, friction modifies the dynamics of the networks, with larger values of friction leading to smaller changes of the more stable networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kianoosh Taghizadeh
- MSM, TFE-ET, MESA+, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE), SC SimTech, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Luding
- MSM, TFE-ET, MESA+, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Rituparna Basak
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Lou Kondic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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2
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Wiese KJ. Hyperuniformity in the Manna Model, Conserved Directed Percolation and Depinning. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:067103. [PMID: 39178464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.067103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuniformity is an emergent property, whereby the structure factor of the density n scales as S(q)∼q^{α}, with α>0. We show that for the conserved directed percolation (CDP) class, to which the Manna model belongs, there is an exact mapping between the density n in CDP, and the interface position u at depinning, n(x)=n_{0}+∇^{2}u(x), where n_{0} is the conserved particle density. As a consequence, the hyperuniformity exponent equals α=4-d-2ζ, with ζ the roughness exponent at depinning, and d the dimension. In d=1, α=1/2, while 0.6>α≥0 for other d. Our results fit well the simulations in the literature, except in d=1, where we perform our own to confirm this result. Such an exact relation between two seemingly different fields is surprising, and paves new paths to think about hyperuniformity and depinning. As corollaries, we get results of unprecedented precision in all dimensions, exact in d=1. This corrects earlier work on hyperuniformity in CDP.
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3
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Yehya H, Raudins S, Padmanabhan R, Jensen J, Bukys MA. Addressing bioreactor hiPSC aggregate stability, maintenance and scaleup challenges using a design of experiment approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 38956608 PMCID: PMC11218057 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell-derived therapies hold the potential for treatment of regenerative clinical indications. Static culture has a limited ability to scale up thus restricting its use. Suspension culturing can be used to produce target cells in large quantities, but also presents challenges related to stress and aggregation stability. METHODS Utilizing a design of experiments (DoE) approach in vertical wheel bioreactors, we evaluated media additives that have versatile properties. The additives evaluated are Heparin sodium salt (HS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), Pluronic F68 and dextran sulfate (DS). Multiple response variables were chosen to assess cell growth, pluripotency maintenance and aggregate stability in response to the additive inputs, and mathematical models were generated and tuned for maximal predictive power. RESULTS Expansion of iPSCs using 100 ml vertical wheel bioreactor assay for 4 days on 19 different media combinations resulted in models that can optimize pluripotency, stability, and expansion. The expansion optimization resulted in the combination of PA, PVA and PEG with E8. This mixture resulted in an expansion doubling time that was 40% shorter than that of E8 alone. Pluripotency optimizer highlighted the importance of adding 1% PEG to the E8 medium. Aggregate stability optimization that minimizes aggregate fusion in 3D culture indicated that the interaction of both Heparin and PEG can limit aggregation as well as increase the maintenance capacity and expansion of hiPSCs, suggesting that controlling fusion is a critical parameter for expansion and maintenance. Validation of optimized solution on two cell lines in bioreactors with decreased speed of 40 RPM, showed consistency and prolonged control over aggregates that have high frequency of pluripotency markers of OCT4 and SOX2 (> 90%). A doubling time of around 1-1.4 days was maintained after passaging as clumps in the optimized medium. Controlling aggregate fusion allowed for a decrease in bioreactor speed and therefore shear stress exerted on the cells in a large-scale expansion. CONCLUSION This study resulted in a control of aggregate size within suspension cultures, while informing about concomitant state control of the iPSC state. Wider application of this approach can address media optimization complexity and bioreactor scale-up challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Yehya
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
- Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Sofija Raudins
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
| | | | - Jan Jensen
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Michael A Bukys
- Trailhead Biosystems, 23215 Commerce Park, Beachwood, OH, 44122, USA.
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Backofen R, Altawil AYA, Salvalaglio M, Voigt A. Nonequilibrium hyperuniform states in active turbulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320719121. [PMID: 38848299 PMCID: PMC11181138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320719121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the complex spatiotemporal structure in active fluids can feature characteristics of hyperuniformity. Using a hydrodynamic model, we show that the transition from hyperuniformity to nonhyperuniformity and antihyperuniformity depends on the strength of active forcing and can be related to features of active turbulence without and with scaling characteristics of inertial turbulence. Combined with identified signatures of Levy walks and nonuniversal diffusion in these systems, this allows for a biological interpretation and the speculation of nonequilibrium hyperuniform states in active fluids as optimal states with respect to robustness and strategies of evasion and foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Backofen
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
| | - Abdelrahman Y. A. Altawil
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
| | - Marco Salvalaglio
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
- Dresden Centre for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
- Dresden Centre for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
- Center of Systems Biology Dresden, 01307Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307Dresden, Germany
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5
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Wilken S, Guo AZ, Levine D, Chaikin PM. Dynamical Approach to the Jamming Problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:238202. [PMID: 38134769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.238202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple dynamical model, biased random organization (BRO), appears to produce configurations known as random close packing (RCP) as BRO's densest critical point in dimension d=3. We conjecture that BRO likewise produces RCP in any dimension; if so, then RCP does not exist in d=1-2 (where BRO dynamics lead to crystalline order). In d=3-5, BRO produces isostatic configurations and previously estimated RCP volume fractions 0.64, 0.46, and 0.30, respectively. For all investigated dimensions (d=2-5), we find that BRO belongs to the Manna universality class of dynamical phase transitions by measuring critical exponents associated with the steady-state activity and the long-range density fluctuations. Additionally, BRO's distribution of near contacts (gaps) displays behavior consistent with the infinite-dimensional theoretical treatment of RCP when d≥4. The association of BRO's densest critical configurations with random close packing implies that RCP's upper-critical dimension is consistent with the Manna class d_{uc}=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilken
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Ashley Z Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Dov Levine
- Department of Physics, Technion-IIT, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Paul M Chaikin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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6
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Maher CE, Jiao Y, Torquato S. Hyperuniformity of maximally random jammed packings of hyperspheres across spatial dimensions. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064602. [PMID: 38243527 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The maximally random jammed (MRJ) state is the most random (i.e., disordered) configuration of strictly jammed (mechanically rigid) nonoverlapping objects. MRJ packings are hyperuniform, meaning their long-wavelength density fluctuations are anomalously suppressed compared to typical disordered systems, i.e., their structure factors S(k) tend to zero as the wave number |k| tends to zero. Here we show that generating high-quality strictly jammed states for Euclidean space dimensions d=3,4, and 5 is of paramount importance in ensuring hyperuniformity and extracting precise values of the hyperuniformity exponent α>0 for MRJ states, defined by the power-law behavior of S(k)∼|k|^{α} in the limit |k|→0. Moreover, we show that for fixed d it is more difficult to ensure jamming as the particle number N increases, which results in packings that are nonhyperuniform. Free-volume theory arguments suggest that the ideal MRJ state does not contain rattlers, which act as defects in numerically generated packings. As d increases, we find that the fraction of rattlers decreases substantially. Our analysis of the largest truly jammed packings suggests that the ideal MRJ packings for all dimensions d≥3 are hyperuniform with α=d-2, implying the packings become more hyperuniform as d increases. The differences in α between MRJ packings and the recently proposed Manna-class random close packed (RCP) states, which were reported to have α=0.25 in d=3 and be nonhyperuniform (α=0) for d=4 and d=5, demonstrate the vivid distinctions between the large-scale structure of RCP and MRJ states in these dimensions. Our paper clarifies the importance of the link between true jamming and hyperuniformity and motivates the development of an algorithm to produce rattler-free three-dimensional MRJ packings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Salvatore Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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7
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Seo Y. Non-Settling Super-Strong Magnetorheological Fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300320. [PMID: 37357168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A magnetorheological (MR) fluid is generally called a suspension in which magnetic particles are dispersed in a non-magnetic medium. When an external magnetic field is applied, a pseudo-phase transition occurs within a short time to generate yield stress, and when the magnetic field is released, it returns to the suspended state. Due to these unique characteristics, it is classified as a smart material to be widely applied in various industries. High performance MR fluids require high yield stress and stability for long-term use. However, it is very difficult to improve performance and stability simultaneously due to the limited amount of magnetic particles in the suspension and particle sedimentation caused by the density mismatch between the suspending particles and the liquid phase. In this study, an MR slurry is developed that is completely different from the MR suspension, starting from the opposite concept. An innovative non-settling (i.e., permanently stable) magnetorheological slurry is successfully created that exhibits unprecedented ultra-high yield stress. This result is expected to be a turning point for applying MR fluids to more diverse industries. In addition, a simple fitting equation expressing the yield stress as a function of the particle volume fraction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsok Seo
- RIAM, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Kwanakro-1, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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8
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Galliano L, Cates ME, Berthier L. Two-Dimensional Crystals far from Equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:047101. [PMID: 37566855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.047101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
When driven by nonequilibrium fluctuations, particle systems may display phase transitions and physical behavior with no equilibrium counterpart. We study a two-dimensional particle model initially proposed to describe driven non-Brownian suspensions undergoing nonequilibrium absorbing phase transitions. We show that when the transition occurs at large density, the dynamics produces long-range crystalline order. In the ordered phase, long-range translational order is observed because equipartition of energy is lacking, phonons are suppressed, and density fluctuations are hyperuniform. Our study offers an explicit microscopic model where nonequilibrium violations of the Mermin-Wagner theorem stabilize crystalline order in two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Galliano
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael E Cates
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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9
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Anzivino C, Casiulis M, Zhang T, Moussa AS, Martiniani S, Zaccone A. Estimating random close packing in polydisperse and bidisperse hard spheres via an equilibrium model of crowding. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044901. [PMID: 36725501 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that an analogy between crowding in fluid and jammed phases of hard spheres captures the density dependence of the kissing number for a family of numerically generated jammed states. We extend this analogy to jams of mixtures of hard spheres in d = 3 dimensions and, thus, obtain an estimate of the random close packing volume fraction, ϕRCP, as a function of size polydispersity. We first consider mixtures of particle sizes with discrete distributions. For binary systems, we show agreement between our predictions and simulations using both our own results and results reported in previous studies, as well as agreement with recent experiments from the literature. We then apply our approach to systems with continuous polydispersity using three different particle size distributions, namely, the log-normal, Gamma, and truncated power-law distributions. In all cases, we observe agreement between our theoretical findings and numerical results up to rather large polydispersities for all particle size distributions when using as reference our own simulations and results from the literature. In particular, we find ϕRCP to increase monotonically with the relative standard deviation, sσ, of the distribution and to saturate at a value that always remains below 1. A perturbative expansion yields a closed-form expression for ϕRCP that quantitatively captures a distribution-independent regime for sσ < 0.5. Beyond that regime, we show that the gradual loss in agreement is tied to the growth of the skewness of size distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Anzivino
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli," University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mathias Casiulis
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Tom Zhang
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - Stefano Martiniani
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli," University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
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10
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Wang H, Torquato S. Equilibrium states corresponding to targeted hyperuniform nonequilibrium pair statistics. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:550-564. [PMID: 36546870 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Zhang-Torquato conjecture [G. Zhang and S. Torquato, Phys. Rev. E, 2020, 101, 032124.] states that any realizable pair correlation function g2(r) or structure factor S(k) of a translationally invariant nonequilibrium system can be attained by an equilibrium ensemble involving only (up to) effective two-body interactions. To further test and study this conjecture, we consider two singular nonequilibrium models of recent interest that also have the exotic hyperuniformity property: a 2D "perfect glass" and a 3D critical absorbing-state model. We find that each nonequilibrium target can be achieved accurately by equilibrium states with effective one- and two-body potentials, lending further support to the conjecture. To characterize the structural degeneracy of such a nonequilibrium-equilibrium correspondence, we compute higher-order statistics for both models, as well as those for a hyperuniform 3D uniformly randomized lattice (URL), whose higher-order statistics can be very precisely ascertained. Interestingly, we find that the differences in the higher-order statistics between nonequilibrium and equilibrium systems with matching pair statistics, as measured by the "hole" probability distribution, provide measures of the degree to which a system is out of equilibrium. We show that all three systems studied possess the bounded-hole property and that holes near the maximum hole size in the URL are much rarer than those in the underlying simple cubic lattice. Remarkably, upon quenching, the effective potentials for all three systems possess local energy minima (i.e., inherent structures) with stronger forms of hyperuniformity compared to their target counterparts. Our methods are expected to facilitate the self-assembly of tunable hyperuniform soft-matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Salvatore Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton Institute of Materials, and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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11
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Singh A, Singh Y. Structure ordering and glass transition in size-asymmetric ternary mixtures of hard spheres: Variation from fragile to strong glasses. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014119. [PMID: 36797956 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the structure and activated dynamics of a binary mixture of colloidal particles dispersed in a solvent of much smaller-sized particles. The solvent degrees of freedom are traced out from the grand partition function of the colloid-solvent mixture which reduces the system from ternary to effective binary mixture of colloidal particles. In the effective binary mixture colloidal particles interact via effective potential that consists of bare potential plus the solvent-induced interaction. Expressions for the effective potentials and pair correlation functions are derived. We used the result of pair correlation functions to determine the number of particles in a cooperatively reorganizing cluster (CRC) in which localized particles form "long-lived" nonchemical bonds with the central particle. For an event of relaxation to take place these bonds have to reorganize irreversibly, the energy involved in the processes is the effective activation energy of relaxation. Results are reported for hard sphere colloidal particles dispersed in a solvent of hard sphere particles. Our results show that the concentration of solvent can be used as a control parameter to fine-tune the microscopic structural ordering and the size of CRC that governs the glassy dynamics. We show that a small variation in the concentration of solvent creates a bigger change in the kinetic fragility which highlights a wide variation in behavior, ranging from fragile to strong glasses. We conclude that the CRC which is determined from the static pair correlation function and the fluctuations embedded in the system is probably the sole player in the physics of glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Yashwant Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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12
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Sorkin B, Ricouvier J, Diamant H, Ariel G. Resolving entropy contributions in nonequilibrium transitions. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014138. [PMID: 36797967 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We derive a functional for the entropy contributed by any microscopic degrees of freedom as arising from their measurable pair correlations. Applicable both in and out of equilibrium, this functional yields the maximum entropy which a system can have given a certain correlation function. When applied to different correlations, the method allows us to identify the degrees of freedom governing a certain physical regime, thus capturing and characterizing dynamic transitions. The formalism applies also to systems whose translational invariance is broken by external forces and whose number of particles may vary. We apply it to experimental results for jammed bidisperse emulsions, capturing the crossover of this nonequilibrium system from crystalline to disordered hyperuniform structures as a function of mixture composition. We discover that the cross-correlations between the positions and sizes of droplets in the emulsion play the central role in the formation of the disordered hyperuniform states. We discuss implications of the approach for entropy estimation out of equilibrium and for characterizing transitions in disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sorkin
- School of Chemistry and Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joshua Ricouvier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Haim Diamant
- School of Chemistry and Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Ariel
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, 52000 Ramat Gan, Israel
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13
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Ge Z, Elfring GJ. Rheology of periodically sheared suspensions undergoing reversible-irreversible transition. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054616. [PMID: 36559491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rheology of noncolloidal suspensions under cyclic shear is studied numerically. The main findings are a strain amplitude (γ_{0}) dependent response in the shear stress and second normal stress difference (N_{2}). Specifically, we find a reduced viscosity, an enhanced intracycle shear thinning, the onset of a finite N_{2}, and its frequency doubling, all near a critical strain amplitude γ_{c} that scales with the volume fraction ϕ as γ_{c}∼ϕ^{-2}. These rheological changes also signify a reversible-irreversible transition (RIT), dividing stroboscopic particle dynamics into a reversible absorbing phase (for γ_{0}<γ_{c}) and a persistently diffusing phase (for γ_{0}>γ_{c}). We explain the results based on two flow-induced mechanisms and elucidate their connection in the context of RIT through the underlying microstructure, which tends toward hyperuniformity near γ_{0}=γ_{c}. Overall, we expect this correspondence between rheology and emergent dynamics to hold in a wide range of settings where structural organizations are dominated by volume exclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gwynn J Elfring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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14
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Experimental observations of marginal criticality in granular materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204879119. [PMID: 35609194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204879119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceAmorphous materials, such as grains, foams, colloids, and glasses, are ubiquitous in nature and our daily life. They can undergo glass transitions or jamming transitions to obtain rigidity either by fast quench or compression, but show subtle changes in the structures compared to the liquid states or liquid-like states. Recent progress on the first-principle replica theory unifies the glass transition and the jamming transition and points out the marginal phase with fractal free-energy landscape within the stable glass phase. Independently, marginal stability analysis predicts the relations between the exponents of the marginal phase. Here, we perform experiments with photoelastic disks and provide direct evidence of these theories in real-world amorphous materials.
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15
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Klett K, Cherstvy AG, Shin J, Sokolov IM, Metzler R. Non-Gaussian, transiently anomalous, and ergodic self-diffusion of flexible dumbbells in crowded two-dimensional environments: Coupled translational and rotational motions. Phys Rev E 2022; 104:064603. [PMID: 35030844 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We employ Langevin-dynamics simulations to unveil non-Brownian and non-Gaussian center-of-mass self-diffusion of massive flexible dumbbell-shaped particles in crowded two-dimensional solutions. We study the intradumbbell dynamics of the relative motion of the two constituent elastically coupled disks. Our main focus is on effects of the crowding fraction ϕ and of the particle structure on the diffusion characteristics. We evaluate the time-averaged mean-squared displacement (TAMSD), the displacement probability-density function (PDF), and the displacement autocorrelation function (ACF) of the dimers. For the TAMSD at highly crowded conditions of dumbbells, e.g., we observe a transition from the short-time ballistic behavior, via an intermediate subdiffusive regime, to long-time Brownian-like spreading dynamics. The crowded system of dimers exhibits two distinct diffusion regimes distinguished by the scaling exponent of the TAMSD, the dependence of the diffusivity on ϕ, and the features of the displacement-ACF. We attribute these regimes to a crowding-induced transition from viscous to viscoelastic diffusion upon growing ϕ. We also analyze the relative motion in the dimers, finding that larger ϕ suppress their vibrations and yield strongly non-Gaussian PDFs of rotational displacements. For the diffusion coefficients D(ϕ) of translational and rotational motion of the dumbbells an exponential decay with ϕ for weak and a power-law variation D(ϕ)∝(ϕ-ϕ^{★})^{2.4} for strong crowding is found. A comparison of simulation results with theoretical predictions for D(ϕ) is discussed and some relevant experimental systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Klett
- Institute of Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andrey G Cherstvy
- Institute of Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaeoh Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Igor M Sokolov
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,IRIS Adlershof, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute of Physics & Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Herranz M, Martínez-Fernández D, Ramos PM, Foteinopoulou K, Karayiannis NC, Laso M. Simu-D: A Simulator-Descriptor Suite for Polymer-Based Systems under Extreme Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12464. [PMID: 34830346 PMCID: PMC8621175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present Simu-D, a software suite for the simulation and successive identification of local structures of atomistic systems, based on polymers, under extreme conditions, in the bulk, on surfaces, and at interfaces. The protocol is built around various types of Monte Carlo algorithms, which include localized, chain-connectivity-altering, identity-exchange, and cluster-based moves. The approach focuses on alleviating one of the main disadvantages of Monte Carlo algorithms, which is the general applicability under a wide range of conditions. Present applications include polymer-based nanocomposites with nanofillers in the form of cylinders and spheres of varied concentration and size, extremely confined and maximally packed assemblies in two and three dimensions, and terminally grafted macromolecules. The main simulator is accompanied by a descriptor that identifies the similarity of computer-generated configurations with respect to reference crystals in two or three dimensions. The Simu-D simulator-descriptor can be an especially useful tool in the modeling studies of the entropy- and energy-driven phase transition, adsorption, and self-organization of polymer-based systems under a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nikos Ch. Karayiannis
- Institute for Optoelectronic Systems and Microtechnology (ISOM) and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.M.-F.); (P.M.R.); (K.F.)
| | - Manuel Laso
- Institute for Optoelectronic Systems and Microtechnology (ISOM) and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.M.-F.); (P.M.R.); (K.F.)
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Rissone P, Corwin EI, Parisi G. Long-Range Anomalous Decay of the Correlation in Jammed Packings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:038001. [PMID: 34328763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.038001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study the structure of the interactions occurring in three-dimensional systems of hard spheres at jamming, focusing on the large-scale behavior. Given the fundamental role in the configuration of jammed packings, we analyze the propagation through the system of the weak forces and of the variation of the coordination number with respect to the isostaticity condition, ΔZ. We show that these correlations can be successfully probed by introducing a correlation function weighted on the density-density fluctuations. The results of this analysis can be further improved by introducing a representation of the system based on the contact points between particles. In particular, we find evidence that the weak forces and the ΔZ fluctuations support the hypothesis of randomly jammed packings of spherical particles being hyperuniform by exhibiting an anomalous long-range decay. Moreover, we find that the large-scale structure of the density-density correlation exhibits a complex behavior due to the superimposition of two exponentially damped oscillating signals propagating with linearly depending frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rissone
- Small Biosystems Lab, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Carrer de Marti i Franques, 1, 11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric I Corwin
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Giorgio Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC)-CNR, Rome unit, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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