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Guo Z, Yang F, Zhang H, Wu X, Wu Q, Zhu K, Jiang J, Jiang H, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen H. Level pinning of anti- PT-symmetric circuits for efficient wireless power transfer. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad172. [PMID: 38116095 PMCID: PMC10727848 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology based on magnetic resonance (a basic physical phenomenon) can directly transfer energy from the source to the load without wires and other physical contacts, and has been successfully applied to implantable medical devices, electric vehicles, robotic arms and other fields. However, due to the frequency splitting of near-field coupling, the resonant WPT system has some unique limitations, such as poor transmission stability and low efficiency. Here, we propose anti-resonance with level pinning for high-performance WPT. By introducing the anti-resonance mode into the basic WPT platform, we uncover the competition between dissipative coupling and coherent coupling to achieve novel level pinning, and construct an effective anti-parity-time (anti-PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian system that is superior to previous PT-symmetric WPT schemes. On the one hand, the eigenvalue of the anti-PT-symmetric system at resonance frequency is always pure real in both strong and weak coupling regions, and can be used to overcome the transmission efficiency decrease caused by weak coupling, as brought about by, for example, a large size ratio of the transmitter to receiver, or a long transmission distance. On the other hand, due to the level pinning effect of the two kinds of coupling mechanisms, the working frequency of the system is guaranteed to be locked, so frequency tracking is not required when the position and size of the receiver change. Even if the system deviates from the matching condition, an efficient WPT can be realized, thereby demonstrating the robustness of the level pinning. The experimental results show that when the size ratio of the transmitter coil to the receiver coil is 4.29 (which is in the weak coupling region), the transfer efficiency of the anti-PT-symmetric system is nearly 4.3 (3.2) times higher than that of the PT-symmetric system when the matching conditions are satisfied (deviated). With the miniaturization and integration of devices in mind, a synthetic anti-PT-symmetric system is used to realize a robust WPT. Anti-PT-symmetric WPT technology based on the synthetic dimension not only provides a good research platform for the study of abundant non-Hermitian physics, but also provides a means of going beyond traditional near-field applications with resonance mechanisms, such as resonance imaging, wireless sensing and photonic routing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Fengqing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xian Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Kejia Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai201804, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai210804, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai201804, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Sciences and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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Yang Y, Xie X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Wang C, Li E, Li Y, Chen H, Gao F. Radiative anti-parity-time plasmonics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7678. [PMID: 36509769 PMCID: PMC9744817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Space and guided electromagnetic waves, as widely known, are two crucial cornerstones in extensive wireless and integrated applications respectively. To harness the two cornerstones, radiative and integrated devices are usually developed in parallel based on the same physical principles. An emerging mechanism, i.e., anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry originated from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, has led to fruitful phenomena in harnessing guided waves. However, it is still absent in harnessing space waves. Here, we propose a radiative plasmonic APT design to harness space waves, and experimentally demonstrate it with subwavelength designer-plasmonic structures. We observe two exotic phenomena unrealized previously. Rotating polarizations of incident space waves, we realize polarization-controlled APT phase transition. Tuning incidence angles, we observe multi-stage APT phase transition in higher-order APT systems, constructed by using the scalability of leaky-wave couplings. Our scheme shows promise in demonstrating novel APT physics, and constructing APT-symmetry-empowered radiative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Xinrong Xie
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Yuanzhen Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Yiwei Peng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Chi Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Erping Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
| | - Fei Gao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInterdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInternational Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XShaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
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