1
|
Johnston A, Berloff NG. Macroscopic Noise Amplification by Asymmetric Dyads in Non-Hermitian Optical Systems for Generative Diffusion Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:096901. [PMID: 38489613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We study noise amplification by asymmetric dyads in freely expanding non-Hermitian optical systems. We show that modifications of the pumping strengths can counteract bias from natural imperfections of the system's hardware while couplings between dyads lead to systems with nonuniform statistical distributions. Our results suggest that asymmetric non-Hermitian dyads are promising candidates for efficient sensors and ultrafast random number generators. We propose that the integrated light emission from such asymmetric dyads can be efficiently used for analog all-optical degenerative diffusion models of machine learning to overcome the digital limitations of such models in processing speed and energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Johnston
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia G Berloff
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kitamura T, Daido A, Yanase Y. Spin-Triplet Superconductivity from Quantum-Geometry-Induced Ferromagnetic Fluctuation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:036001. [PMID: 38307086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.036001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We show that quantum geometry induces ferromagnetic fluctuation resulting in spin-triplet superconductivity. The criterion for ferromagnetic fluctuation is clarified by analyzing contributions from the effective mass and quantum geometry. When the non-Kramers band degeneracy is present near the Fermi surface, the Fubini-Study quantum metric strongly favors ferromagnetic fluctuation. Solving the linearized gap equation with the effective interaction obtained by the random phase approximation, we show that the spin-triplet superconductivity is mediated by quantum-geometry-induced ferromagnetic fluctuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Kitamura
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akito Daido
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Youichi Yanase
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu L, Pan Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang F, Yang G, Huang C, Hu W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Dong H, Zhou W. Rydberg State Single-Mode Polariton Lasing with Ultralow Threshold via Symmetry Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7797-7804. [PMID: 37590122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry plays an essential role in the fundamental properties of a physical system. In this work, we report on the realization of tunable single-mode polariton lasing from highly excited Rydberg states via symmetry engineering. By breaking the symmetry of the polaritonic wave function through potential wells and controlling the spatial overlap between the gain region and the eigen mode, we are able to generate single-mode polariton lasing, reversibly and dynamically, from quantized polariton states. Increasing the asymmetry of the potential well, single-mode lasing can be achieved even for the highly excited Rydberg state with a principle quantum number of N = 14. Moreover, as a result of the excellent reservoir-eigen mode overlap and efficient spatial confinement, the threshold of lasing can be reduced up to 6 orders of magnitude, compared with those conventional pumping schemes. Our results present a new strategy toward the realization of thresholdless polariton lasing with dynamical tunability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yichun Pan
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fangxin Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangran Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Changchang Huang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li A, Wei H, Cotrufo M, Chen W, Mann S, Ni X, Xu B, Chen J, Wang J, Fan S, Qiu CW, Alù A, Chen L. Exceptional points and non-Hermitian photonics at the nanoscale. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:706-720. [PMID: 37386141 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs) arising in non-Hermitian systems have led to a variety of intriguing wave phenomena, and have been attracting increased interest in various physical platforms. In this Review, we highlight the latest fundamental advances in the context of EPs in various nanoscale systems, and overview the theoretical progress related to EPs, including higher-order EPs, bulk Fermi arcs and Weyl exceptional rings. We peek into EP-associated emerging technologies, in particular focusing on the influence of noise for sensing near EPs, improving the efficiency in asymmetric transmission based on EPs, optical isolators in nonlinear EP systems and novel concepts to implement EPs in topological photonics. We also discuss the constraints and limitations of the applications relying on EPs, and offer parting thoughts about promising ways to tackle them for advanced nanophotonic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michele Cotrufo
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weijin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sander Mann
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingcong Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Li Y, Luo X, Guo C, Qin Y, Fu H, Zhang Y, Yun F, Liao Q, Li F. Elimination of Chirality in Three-Dimensionally Confined Open-Access Microcavities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1868. [PMID: 37368298 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergent optical activity (OA) caused by anisotropic light emitter in microcavities is an important physical mechanism discovered recently, which leads to Rashba-Dresselhaus photonic spin-orbit (SO) coupling. In this study, we report a sharp contrast of the roles of the emergent OA in free and confined cavity photons, by observing the optical chirality in a planar-planar microcavity and its elimination in a concave-planar microcavity, evidenced by polarization-resolved white-light spectroscopy, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions based on the degenerate perturbation theory. Moreover, we theoretically predict that a slight phase gradient in real space can partially restore the effect of the emergent OA in confined cavity photons. The results are significant additions to the field of cavity spinoptronics and provide a novel method for manipulating photonic SO coupling in confined optical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chaowei Guo
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuanbin Qin
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Feng Yun
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Solid-State Lighting Engineering Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Solid-State Lighting Engineering Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wurdack M, Yun T, Katzer M, Truscott AG, Knorr A, Selig M, Ostrovskaya EA, Estrecho E. Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter coupling in an atomically thin semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1026. [PMID: 36823076 PMCID: PMC9950362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersion engineering is a powerful and versatile tool that can vary the speed of light signals and induce negative-mass effects in the dynamics of particles and quasiparticles. Here, we show that dissipative coupling between bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) and photons in an optical microcavity can lead to the formation of exciton polaritons with an inverted dispersion of the lower polariton branch and hence, a negative mass. We perform direct measurements of the anomalous dispersion in atomically thin (monolayer) WS2 crystals embedded in planar microcavities and demonstrate that the propagation direction of the negative-mass polaritons is opposite to their momentum. Our study introduces the concept of non-Hermitian dispersion engineering for exciton polaritons and opens a pathway for realising new phases of quantum matter in a solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wurdack
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - T. Yun
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia ,grid.511002.7Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - M. Katzer
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. G. Truscott
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - A. Knorr
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Selig
- grid.6734.60000 0001 2292 8254Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. A. Ostrovskaya
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - E. Estrecho
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Łempicka-Mirek K, Król M, Sigurdsson H, Wincukiewicz A, Morawiak P, Mazur R, Muszyński M, Piecek W, Kula P, Stefaniuk T, Kamińska M, De Marco L, Lagoudakis PG, Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Szczytko J, Piętka B. Electrically tunable Berry curvature and strong light-matter coupling in liquid crystal microcavities with 2D perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq7533. [PMID: 36197989 PMCID: PMC9534495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of spinoptronics is underpinned by good control over photonic spin-orbit coupling in devices that have strong optical nonlinearities. Such devices might hold the key to a new era of optoelectronics where momentum and polarization degrees of freedom of light are interwoven and interfaced with electronics. However, manipulating photons through electrical means is a daunting task given their charge neutrality. In this work, we present electrically tunable microcavity exciton-polariton resonances in a Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling field. We show that different spin-orbit coupling fields and the reduced cavity symmetry lead to tunable formation of the Berry curvature, the hallmark of quantum geometrical effects. For this, we have implemented an architecture of a photonic structure with a two-dimensional perovskite layer incorporated into a microcavity filled with nematic liquid crystal. Our work interfaces spinoptronic devices with electronics by combining electrical control over both the strong light-matter coupling conditions and artificial gauge fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Łempicka-Mirek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Król
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Adam Wincukiewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Morawiak
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Mazur
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Muszyński
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Piecek
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stefaniuk
- Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kamińska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pavlos G. Lagoudakis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, 6 Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Król M, Septembre I, Oliwa P, Kędziora M, Łempicka-Mirek K, Muszyński M, Mazur R, Morawiak P, Piecek W, Kula P, Bardyszewski W, Lagoudakis PG, Solnyshkov DD, Malpuech G, Piętka B, Szczytko J. Annihilation of exceptional points from different Dirac valleys in a 2D photonic system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5340. [PMID: 36096889 PMCID: PMC9468178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological physics relies on Hamiltonian’s eigenstate singularities carrying topological charges, such as Dirac points, and – in non-Hermitian systems – exceptional points (EPs), lines or surfaces. So far, the reported non-Hermitian topological transitions were related to the creation of a pair of EPs connected by a Fermi arc out of a single Dirac point by increasing non-Hermiticity. Such EPs can annihilate by reducing non-Hermiticity. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that an increase of non-Hermiticity can lead to the annihilation of EPs issued from different Dirac points (valleys). The studied platform is a liquid crystal microcavity with voltage-controlled birefringence and TE-TM photonic spin-orbit-coupling. Non-Hermiticity is provided by polarization-dependent losses. By increasing the non-Hermiticity degree, we control the position of the EPs. After the intervalley annihilation, the system becomes free of any band singularity. Our results open the field of non-Hermitian valley-physics and illustrate connections between Hermitian topology and non-Hermitian phase transitions. The authors study a liquid crystal microcavity with polarization-dependent absorption, a source of non-Hermiticity. The transition in the Hermitian topology of the spin-orbit coupling makes possible the annihilation of exceptional points.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gwak S, Ryu J, Kim H, Yu HH, Kim CM, Yi CH. Far-Field Correlations Verifying Non-Hermitian Degeneracy of Optical Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:074101. [PMID: 36018704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.074101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An experimental verification of an exceptional point (EP) in a stand-alone chaotic microcavity is a tough issue because as deformation parameters are fixed the traditional frequency analysis methods cannot be applied any more. Through numerical investigations with an asymmetric Reuleaux triangle microcavity (ARTM), we find that the eigenvalue difference of paired modes can approach near-zero regardless of nonorthogonality of the modes. In this case, for a definite verification of EPs in experiments, wave function coalescence should be confirmed. For this, we suggest the method of exploiting correlation of far-field patterns (FFPs), which is directly related to spatial mode patterns. In an ARTM, we demonstrate that the FFP correlation of paired modes can be used to confirm wave function coalescence when an eigenvalue difference approaches near zero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunjae Gwak
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Ryu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundong Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hye Yu
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chil-Min Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Yi
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, IBS, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian C, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Hu W, Pan Y, Wang Z, Zhang F, Zhang L, Dong H, Zhou W. Relaxation Oscillations of an Exciton-Polariton Condensate Driven by Parametric Scattering. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3026-3032. [PMID: 35343702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of coherent oscillations in the relaxation dynamics of an exciton-polariton condensate that were driven by parametric scattering processes. As a result of the interbranch scattering scheme and the nonlinear polariton-polariton interactions, such parametric scatterings exhibit a high scattering efficiency that leads to the fast depletion of the polariton condensate and the periodic shut-off of the bosonic stimulation processes, eventually causing relaxation oscillations. Employing polariton-reservoir interactions, the oscillation dynamics in the time domain can be projected onto the energy space. In theory, our simulations using the open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation are in excellent agreement with experimental observations. Surprisingly, the oscillation patterns, including many excitation pulses, are clearly visible in our time-integrated images, implying the high stability of the relaxation oscillations driven by polariton parametric scatterings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Tian
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yichun Pan
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fangxin Zhang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su R, Estrecho E, Biegańska D, Huang Y, Wurdack M, Pieczarka M, Truscott AG, Liew TCH, Ostrovskaya EA, Xiong Q. Direct measurement of a non-Hermitian topological invariant in a hybrid light-matter system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj8905. [PMID: 34731010 PMCID: PMC8565900 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Topology is central to understanding and engineering materials that display robust physical phenomena immune to imperfections. Different topological phases of matter are characterized by topological invariants. In energy-conserving (Hermitian) systems, these invariants are determined by the winding of eigenstates in momentum space. In non-Hermitian systems, a topological invariant is predicted to emerge from the winding of the complex eigenenergies. Here, we directly measure the non-Hermitian topological invariant arising from exceptional points in the momentum-resolved spectrum of exciton polaritons. These are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by photons strongly coupled to electron-hole pairs (excitons) in a halide perovskite semiconductor at room temperature. We experimentally map out both the real (energy) and imaginary (linewidth) parts of the spectrum near the exceptional points and extract the novel topological invariant—fractional spectral winding. Our work represents an essential step toward realization of non-Hermitian topological phases in a condensed matter system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Eliezer Estrecho
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Dąbrówka Biegańska
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Matthias Wurdack
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Maciej Pieczarka
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrew G. Truscott
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena A. Ostrovskaya
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biegańska D, Pieczarka M, Estrecho E, Steger M, Snoke DW, West K, Pfeiffer LN, Syperek M, Truscott AG, Ostrovskaya EA. Collective Excitations of Exciton-Polariton Condensates in a Synthetic Gauge Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:185301. [PMID: 34767383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.185301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Collective (elementary) excitations of quantum bosonic condensates, including condensates of exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities, are a sensitive probe of interparticle interactions. In anisotropic microcavities with momentum-dependent transverse-electric-transverse-magnetic splitting of the optical modes, the excitations' dispersions are predicted to be strongly anisotropic, which is a consequence of the synthetic magnetic gauge field of the cavity, as well as the interplay between different interaction strengths for polaritons in the singlet and triplet spin configurations. Here, by directly measuring the dispersion of the collective excitations in a high-density optically trapped exciton-polariton condensate, we observe excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions for spinor polariton excitations. We extract the interaction constants for polaritons of the same and opposite spin and map out the characteristic spin textures in an interacting spinor condensate of exciton polaritons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Biegańska
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Pieczarka
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Estrecho
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - M Steger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - D W Snoke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - K West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Syperek
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A G Truscott
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E A Ostrovskaya
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|