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Wu Y, Wang F, Zheng S, Nestler B. Evolution dynamics of thin liquid structures investigated using a phase-field model. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1523-1542. [PMID: 38265427 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Liquid structures of thin-films and torus droplets are omnipresent in daily lives. The morphological evolution of liquid structures suspending in another immiscible fluid and sitting on a solid substrate is investigated by using three-dimensional (3D) phase-field (PF) simulations. Here, we address the evolution dynamics by scrutinizing the interplay of surface energy, kinetic energy, and viscous dissipation, which is characterized by Reynolds number Re and Weber number We. We observe special droplet breakup phenomena by varying Re and We. In addition, we gain the essential physical insights into controlling the droplet formation resulting from the morphological evolution of the liquid structures by characterizing the top and side profiles under different circumstances. We find that the shape evolution of the liquid structures is intimately related to the initial shape, Re, We as well as the intrinsic wettability of the substrate. Furthermore, it is revealed that the evolution dynamics are determined by the competition between the coalescence phenomenology and the hydrodynamic instability of the liquid structures. For the coalescence phenomenology, the liquid structure merges onto itself, while the hydrodynamic instability leads to the breakup of the liquid structure. Last but not least, we investigate the influence of wall relaxation on the breakup outcome of torus droplets on substrates with different contact angles. We shed light on how the key parameters including the initial shape, Re, We, wettability, and wall relaxation influence the droplet dynamics and droplet formation. These findings are anticipated to contribute insights into droplet-based systems, potentially impacting areas like ink-jet printing, drug delivery systems, and microfluidic devices, where the interplay of surface energy, kinetic energy, and viscous dissipation plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Wu
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sai Zheng
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Pl. 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Digital Materials Science (IDM), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, Karlsruhe, 76133, Germany
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Novkoski F, Pham CT, Falcon E. Evidence of experimental three-wave resonant interactions between two dispersion branches. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:045101. [PMID: 37198842 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.045101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of nonlinear three-wave resonant interactions between two different branches of the dispersion relation of hydrodynamic waves, namely the gravity-capillary and sloshing modes. These atypical interactions are investigated within a torus of fluid for which the sloshing mode can be easily excited. A triadic resonance instability is then observed due to this three-wave two-branch interaction mechanism. An exponential growth of the instability and phase locking are evidenced. The efficiency of this interaction is found to be maximal when the gravity-capillary phase velocity matches the group velocity of the sloshing mode. For a stronger forcing, additional waves are generated by a cascade of three-wave interactions populating the wave spectrum. Such a three-wave two-branch interaction mechanism is probably not restricted to hydrodynamics and could be of interest in other systems involving several propagation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Novkoski
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, MSC, UMR 7057, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Chi-Tuong Pham
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LISN, UMR 9015, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Eric Falcon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, MSC, UMR 7057, F-75013 Paris, France
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