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Liu Y, Li C, Xue FH, Su W, Wang Y, Huang H, Yang H, Chen J, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Qin M, Wang X, Wang R, Li DY, Liu PN, Wang S, Jia J. Quantum Phase Transition in Magnetic Nanographenes on a Lead Superconductor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9704-9710. [PMID: 37870505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum spins, also known as spin operators that preserve SU(2) symmetry, lack a specific orientation in space and are hypothesized to display unique interactions with superconductivity. However, spin-orbit coupling and crystal field typically cause a significant magnetic anisotropy in d/f shell spins on surfaces. Here, we fabricate atomically precise S = 1/2 magnetic nanographenes on Pb(111) through engineering sublattice imbalance in the graphene honeycomb lattice. Through tuning the magnetic exchange strength between the unpaired spin and Cooper pairs, a quantum phase transition from the singlet to the doublet state has been observed, consistent with the quantum spin models. From our calculations, the particle-hole asymmetry is induced by the Coulomb scattering potential and gives a transition point about kBTk ≈ 1.6Δ. Our work demonstrates that delocalized π electron magnetism hosts highly tunable magnetic bound states, which can be further developed to study the Majorana bound states and other rich quantum phases of low-dimensional quantum spins on superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Fu-Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Su
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Center for Computational Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Dandan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Mingpu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), TD Lee Institute, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
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Zhou WH, Zhang J, Nan N, Li W, He ZD, Zhu ZW, Wu YP, Xiong YC. Correlation anisotropy driven Kosterlitz-Thouless-type quantum phase transition in a Kondo simulator. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20040-20049. [PMID: 35833449 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The precise manipulation of the quantum states of individual atoms/molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces is one of the most exciting frontiers in nanophysics, enabling us to realize novel single molecular logic devices and quantum information processing. Herein, by modeling an iron phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on the Au(111) surface with a two-impurity Anderson model, we demonstrate that the quantum states of such a system could be adjusted by the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy Dz. For negative Dz, the ground state is dominated by a parallel configuration of the z component of local spins, whereas it turns to be an antiparallel one when Dz becomes positive. Interestingly, we found that these two phases are separated by a Kosterlitz-Thouless-type quantum phase transition, which is confirmed by the critical behaviors of the transmission coefficient and the local magnetic moment. Both phases are associated with spin correlation anisotropy, thus move against the Kondo effect. When the external magnetic field is applied, it first plays a role in compensating for the effect of Dz, and then it contributes significantly to the Zeeman effect for positive Dz, accompanied by the reappearance and the splitting of the Kondo peak, respectively. For fixed negative Dz, only the Zeeman behavior is revealed. Our results provide deep insights into the manipulation of the quantum phase within a single molecular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Huai Zhou
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Shiyan Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shiyan 442002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Shiyan Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shiyan 442002, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Nan
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Shiyan Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shiyan 442002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Shiyan Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shiyan 442002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Dong He
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Zhan-Wu Zhu
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Pei Wu
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Yong-Chen Xiong
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Technology, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Shiyan Industrial Technology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shiyan 442002, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, He H, Wang C, Lu Y, Dong K, Huo F, Zhang S. Insights into Ionic Liquids: From Z-Bonds to Quasi-Liquids. JACS AU 2022; 2:543-561. [PMID: 35373210 PMCID: PMC8965826 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) hold great promise in the fields of green chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable technology due to their unique properties, such as a tailorable structure, the various types available, and their environmentally friendly features. On the basis of multiscale simulations and experimental characterizations, two unique features of ILs are as follows: (1) strong coupling interactions between the electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds, namely in the Z-bond, and (2) the unique semiordered structure and properties of ultrathin films, specifically regarding the quasi-liquid. In accordance with the aforementioned theoretical findings, many cutting-edge applications have been proposed: for example, CO2 capture and conversion, biomass conversion and utilization, and energy storage materials. Although substantial progress has been made recently in the field of ILs, considerable challenges remain in understanding the nature of and devising applications for ILs, especially in terms of e.g. in situ/real-time observation and highly precise multiscale simulations of the Z-bond and quasi-liquid. In this Perspective, we review recent developments and challenges for the IL research community and provide insights into the nature and function of ILs, which will facilitate future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yumiao Lu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Dong
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Huo
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory
of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process
and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s
Republic of China
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Liu M, Leveillee J, Lu S, Yu J, Kim H, Tian C, Shi Y, Lai K, Zhang C, Giustino F, Shih CK. Monolayer 1T-NbSe 2 as a 2D-correlated magnetic insulator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi6339. [PMID: 34797708 PMCID: PMC8604411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer group V transition metal dichalcogenides in their 1T phase have recently emerged as a platform to investigate rich phases of matter, such as spin liquid and ferromagnetism, resulting from strong electron correlations. Newly emerging 1T-NbSe2 has inspired theoretical investigations predicting collective phenomena such as charge transfer gap and ferromagnetism in two dimensions; however, the experimental evidence is still lacking. Here, by controlling the molecular beam epitaxy growth parameters, we demonstrate the successful growth of high-quality single-phase 1T-NbSe2. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we show that this system is a charge transfer insulator with the upper Hubbard band located above the valence band maximum. To demonstrate the electron correlation resulted magnetic property, we create a vertical 1T/2H NbSe2 heterostructure, and we find unambiguous evidence of exchange interactions between the localized magnetic moments in 1T phase and the metallic/superconducting phase exemplified by Kondo resonances and Yu-Shiba-Rusinov–like bound states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Joshua Leveillee
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shuangzan Lu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430027, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hyunsue Kim
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cheng Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Keji Lai
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chendong Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430027, China
| | - Feliciano Giustino
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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