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Jiang M, Huang Y, Guo C, Su H, Wang Y, Peng X, Budker D. Observation of magnetic amplification using dark spins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315696121. [PMID: 38640344 PMCID: PMC11047100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315696121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum amplification enables the enhancement of weak signals and is of great importance for precision measurements, such as biomedical science and tests of fundamental symmetries. Here, we observe a previously unexplored magnetic amplification using dark noble-gas nuclear spins in the absence of pump light. Such dark spins exhibit remarkable coherence lasting up to 6 min and the resilience against the perturbations caused by overlapping alkali-metal gas. We demonstrate that the observed phenomenon, referred to as "dark spin amplification," significantly magnifies magnetic field signals by at least three orders of magnitude. As an immediate application, we showcase an ultrasensitive magnetometer capable of measuring subfemtotesla fields in a single 500-s measurement. Our approach is generic and can be applied to a wide range of noble-gas isotopes, and we discuss promising optimizations that could further improve the current signal amplification up to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]Ne, [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]Xe, and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]He. This work unlocks opportunities in precision measurements, including searches for ultralight dark matter with sensitivity well beyond the supernova-observation constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Haowen Su
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Xinhua Peng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz55128, Germany
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720-7300
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McGuyer BH. Isotope study of the nonlinear pressure shifts of 85Rb and 87Rb hyperfine resonances in Ar, Kr, and Xe buffer gases. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144304. [PMID: 37061475 DOI: 10.1063/5.0145919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of the 0-0 hyperfine resonant frequencies of ground-state 85Rb atoms show a nonlinear dependence on the pressure of the buffer gases Ar, Kr, and Xe. The nonlinearities are similar to those previously observed with 87Rb and 133Cs and presumed to come from alkali-metal-noble-gas van der Waals molecules. However, the shape of the nonlinearity observed for Xe conflicts with previous theory, and the nonlinearities for Ar and Kr disagree with the expected isotopic scaling of previous 87Rb results. Improving the modeling alleviates most of these discrepancies by treating rotation quantum mechanically and considering additional spin interactions in the molecules. Including the dipolar-hyperfine interaction allows simultaneous fitting of the linear and nonlinear shifts of both 85Rb and 87Rb in either Ar, Kr, or Xe buffer gases with a minimal set of shared, isotope-independent parameters. To the limit of experimental accuracy, the shifts in He and N2 were linear with pressure. The results are of practical interest to vapor-cell atomic clocks and related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H McGuyer
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Ishikawa K. Noble-gas atoms characterized by hyperfine frequency shift of lithium atom. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an experimental and theoretical study on the shift of the hyperfine splitting frequency of ground-state Li atoms in noble gases, He, Ne, Ar, and Xe. The frequency shift is due to the change in the electron-spin density at the Li nuclei induced by collisions to the noble-gas atoms. The electron density is calculated along the interatomic distance in a pseudopotential and a dispersion potential. Based on the measured and the calculated frequency shifts, we find the importance of attractive force in collisions to helium as well as heavy noble-gas atoms. Taking advantage of the simple energy structure of the Li atom, we obtain the s wave scattering length for free electrons on noble-gas atoms by using the hyperfine splitting frequency as a precise measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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