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Barrat J, Cherbunin R, Sedov E, Aladinskaia E, Liubomirov A, Litvyak V, Petrov M, Zhou X, Hatzopoulos Z, Kavokin A, Savvidis PG. Stochastic circular persistent currents of exciton polaritons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12953. [PMID: 38839986 PMCID: PMC11153513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We monitor the orbital degree of freedom of exciton-polariton condensates confined within an optical trap and unveil the stochastic switching of persistent annular polariton currents under pulse-periodic excitation. Within an elliptical trap, the low-lying in energy polariton current states manifest as a two-petaled density distribution with a swirling phase. In the stochastic regime, the density distribution, averaged over multiple excitation pulses, becomes homogenized in the azimuthal direction. Meanwhile, the weighted phase, extracted from interference experiments, exhibits two compensatory jumps when varied around the center of the trap. Introducing a supplemental control optical pulse to break the reciprocity of the system enables the transition from a stochastic to a deterministic regime, allowing for controlled polariton circulation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrat
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Roman Cherbunin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Evgeny Sedov
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
- Stoletov Vladimir State University, Gorky str. 87, Vladimir, 600000, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Aladinskaia
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Alexey Liubomirov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Valentina Litvyak
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Mikhail Petrov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- FORTH-IESL, P.O. Box 1527, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
- Abrikosov Center for Theoretical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Moscow Region, Dolgoprudnyi, 141701, Russia
| | - P G Savvidis
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- FORTH-IESL, P.O. Box 1527, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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2
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Li C, Kartashov YV. Stable Vortex Solitons Sustained by Localized Gain in a Cubic Medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213802. [PMID: 38856259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We propose a simple dissipative system with purely cubic defocusing nonlinearity and nonuniform linear gain that can support stable localized dissipative vortex solitons with high topological charges without the utilization of competing nonlinearities and nonlinear gain or losses. Localization of such solitons is achieved due to an intriguing mechanism when defocusing nonlinearity stimulates energy flow from the ringlike region with linear gain to the periphery of the medium where energy is absorbed due to linear background losses. Vortex solitons bifurcate from linear gain-guided vortical modes with eigenvalues depending on topological charges that become purely real only at specific gain amplitudes. Increasing gain amplitude leads to transverse expansion of vortex solitons, but simultaneously it usually also leads to stability enhancement. Increasing background losses allows creation of stable vortex solitons with high topological charges that are usually prone to instabilities in conservative and dissipative systems. Propagation of the perturbed unstable vortex solitons in this system reveals unusual dynamical regimes, when instead of decay or breakup, the initial state transforms into stable vortex solitons with lower or sometimes even with higher topological charge. Our results suggest an efficient mechanism for the formation of nonlinear excited vortex-carrying states with suppressed destructive azimuthal modulational instabilities in a simple setting relevant to a wide class of systems, including polaritonic systems, structured microcavities, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Ricco LS, Shelykh IA, Kavokin A. Qubit gate operations in elliptically trapped polariton condensates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4211. [PMID: 38378989 PMCID: PMC10879284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We consider bosonic condensates of exciton-polaritons optically confined in elliptical traps. A superposition of two non-degenerated p-type states of the condensate oriented along the two main axes of the trap is represented by a point on a Bloch sphere, being considered as an optically tunable qubit. We describe a set of universal single-qubit gates resulting in a controllable shift of the Bloch vector by means of an auxiliary laser beam. Moreover, we consider interaction mechanisms between two neighboring traps that enable designing two-qubit operations such as CPHASE and CNOT gates. Both the single- and two-qubit gates are analyzed in the presence of error sources in the context of polariton traps, such as pure dephasing and spontaneous relaxation mechanisms, leading to a fidelity reduction of the final qubit states and quantum concurrence, as well as the increase of Von Neumann entropy. We also discuss the applicability of our qubit proposal in the context of DiVincenzo's criteria for the realization of local quantum computing processes. Altogether, the developed set of quantum operations would pave the way to the realization of a variety of quantum algorithms in a planar microcavity with a set of optically induced elliptical traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo IC, Bolshoy Bulvar 30 bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Abrikosov Center for Theoretical Physics, MIPT, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141707, Russia
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
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Gong J, Li Q, Zeng S, Wang J. Non-Gaussian anomalous diffusion of optical vortices. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024111. [PMID: 38491579 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Anomalous diffusion of different particlelike entities, the deviation from typical Brownian motion, is ubiquitous in complex physical and biological systems. While optical vortices move randomly in evolving speckle fields, optical vortices have only been observed to exhibit pure Brownian motion in random speckle fields. Here we present direct experimental evidence of the anomalous diffusion of optical vortices in temporally varying speckle patterns from multiple-scattering viscoelastic media. Moreover, we observe two characteristic features, i.e., the self-similarity and the antipersistent correlation of the optical vortex motion, indicating that the mechanism of the observed subdiffusion of optical vortices can only be attributed to fractional Brownian motion (FBM). We further demonstrate that the vortex displacements exhibit a non-Gaussian heavy-tailed distribution. Additionally, we modulate the extent of subdiffusion, such as diffusive scaling exponents, and the non-Gaussianity of optical vortices by altering the viscoelasticity of samples. The discovery of the complex FBM but non-Gaussian subdiffusion of optical vortices may not only offer insight into certain fundamental physics, including the anomalous diffusion of vortices in fluids and the decoupling between Brownianity and Gaussianity, but also suggest a strong potential for utilizing optical vortices as tracers in microrheology instead of the introduced exogenous probe particles in particle tracking microrheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Congy T, Azam P, Kaiser R, Pavloff N. Topological Constraints on the Dynamics of Vortex Formation in a Two-Dimensional Quantum Fluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:033804. [PMID: 38307046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.033804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We present experimental and theoretical results on formation of quantum vortices in a laser beam propagating in a nonlinear medium. Topological constrains richer than the mere conservation of vorticity impose an elaborate dynamical behavior to the formation and annihilation of vortex-antivortex pairs. We identify two such mechanisms, both described by the same fold-Hopf bifurcation. One of them is particularly efficient although it is not observed in the context of liquid helium films or stationary systems because it relies on the compressible nature of the fluid of light we consider and on the nonstationarity of its flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Congy
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - P Azam
- Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - R Kaiser
- Institut de Physique de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - N Pavloff
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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Jia C, Liang Z. Interaction between an Impurity and Nonlinear Excitations in a Polariton Condensate. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1789. [PMID: 36554194 PMCID: PMC9778002 DOI: 10.3390/e24121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of a mobile impurity immersed in field excitations is challenging, as it requires to account for the entanglement between the impurity and the surrounding excitations. To this end, the impurity's effective mass has to be considered as finite, rather than infinite. Here, we theoretically investigate the interaction between a finite-mass impurity and a dissipative soliton representing nonlinear excitations in the polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Using the Lagrange variational method and the open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we analytically derive the interaction phase diagram between the impurity and a dissipative bright soliton in the polariton BEC. Depending on the impurity mass, we find the dissipative soliton colliding with the impurity can transmit through, get trapped, or be reflected. This work opens a new perspective in understanding the impurity dynamics when immersed in field excitations, as well as potential applications in information processing with polariton solitons.
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