1
|
Jensen JH, Strømberg A, Breivik I, Penty A, Niño MA, Khaliq MW, Foerster M, Tufte G, Folven E. Clocked dynamics in artificial spin ice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:964. [PMID: 38302504 PMCID: PMC10834408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial spin ice (ASI) are nanomagnetic metamaterials with a wide range of emergent properties. Through local interactions, the magnetization of the nanomagnets self-organize into extended magnetic domains. However, controlling when, where and how domains change has proven difficult, yet is crucial for technological applications. Here, we introduce astroid clocking, which offers significant control of ASI dynamics in both time and space. Astroid clocking unlocks a discrete, step-wise and gradual dynamical process within the metamaterial. Notably, our method employs global fields to selectively manipulate local features within the ASI. Sequences of these clock fields drive domain dynamics. We demonstrate, experimentally and in simulations, how astroid clocking of pinwheel ASI enables ferromagnetic domains to be gradually grown or reversed at will. Richer dynamics arise when the clock protocol allows both growth and reversal to occur simultaneously. With astroid clocking, complex spatio-temporal behaviors of magnetic metamaterials become easily controllable with high fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H Jensen
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anders Strømberg
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ida Breivik
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arthur Penty
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miguel Angel Niño
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2 - 26, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muhammad Waqas Khaliq
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2 - 26, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2 - 26, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gunnar Tufte
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Folven
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|