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Li T, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Gao Z, Geng L, Giboni K, Guo X, Guo X, Guo Z, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang H, Huang J, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Pang B, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shan D, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Shen M, Sun W, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xiong K, Xu Y, Yao S, Yan B, Yan X, Yang Y, Ye P, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Yun Y, Zeng X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, et alLi T, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Gao Z, Geng L, Giboni K, Guo X, Guo X, Guo Z, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang H, Huang J, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Pang B, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shan D, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Shen M, Sun W, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xiong K, Xu Y, Yao S, Yan B, Yan X, Yang Y, Ye P, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Yun Y, Zeng X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Z. Search for MeV-Scale Axionlike Particles and Dark Photons with PandaX-4T. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2025; 134:071004. [PMID: 40054002 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.071004] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
Axionlike particles (ALPs) and dark photons (DPs) are viable dark matter particle candidates. We have searched for possible ALP/DP signals in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector using 440 kg·yr of data. A binned likelihood fit is constructed to search for possible mono-energetic peaks induced by the absorption processes between ALPs/DPs and atomic electrons of xenon. A detailed temporal model of decays associated with xenon isotopes is introduced to constrain the number of background events. No signal excess over background expectations is observed, and we have established the most stringent exclusion limits for most ALP/DP masses across the range of 150 keV/c^{2} to 1 MeV/c^{2}. The improvement is particularly significant within the mass range of 150-400 keV/c^{2}, with the average factor of 3.5 compared to previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zihao Bo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhaokan Cheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Physics, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhixing Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lisheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xunan Guo
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zichao Guo
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chencheng Han
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Changda He
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Houqi Huang
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junting Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Ruquan Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yu Hou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiangpan Ji
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yonglin Ju
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Physics, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianglai Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Congcong Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyin Luo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunyang Luo
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yugang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Meng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xuyang Ning
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binyu Pang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Ningchun Qi
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Shan
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyuan Shao
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Manbin Shen
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Physics, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuehuan Wei
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuan Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Physics, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kaizhi Xiong
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyu Yao
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiyu Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Peihua Ye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunxu Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Youhui Yun
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minzhen Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Physics, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Wei Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li Zhao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Jifang Zhou
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhou
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhizhen Zhou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
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Halliday JWD, Marocco G, Beyer KA, Heaton C, Nakatsutsumi M, Preston TR, Arrowsmith CD, Baehtz C, Goede S, Humphries O, Garcia AL, Plackett R, Svensson P, Vacalis G, Wark J, Wood D, Zastrau U, Bingham R, Shipsey I, Sarkar S, Gregori G. Bounds on Heavy Axions with an X-Ray Free Electron Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2025; 134:055001. [PMID: 39983135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025]
Abstract
We present new exclusion bounds obtained at the European X-Ray Free Electron Laser facility (EuXFEL) on axionlike particles in the mass range 10^{-3} eV≲m_{a}≲10^{4} eV. Our experiment exploits the Primakoff effect via which photons can, in the presence of a strong external electric field, decay into axions, which then convert back into photons after passing through an opaque wall. While similar searches have been performed previously at a third-generation synchrotron [Yamaji et al., Phys. Lett. B 782, 523 (2018)PYLBAJ0370-269310.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.068], our work demonstrates improved sensitivity, exploiting the higher brightness of x-rays at EuXFEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W D Halliday
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Marocco
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720-8153, USA
| | - Konstantin A Beyer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Heaton
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Charles D Arrowsmith
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Baehtz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Alejandro Laso Garcia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Plackett
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Pontus Svensson
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Vacalis
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Wark
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Wood
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Zastrau
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Bingham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Shipsey
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Subir Sarkar
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Gregori
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Zeng X, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Gao Z, Geng L, Giboni K, Guo X, Guo X, Guo Z, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang H, Huang J, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li T, Li Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Pang B, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shan D, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Shen M, Sun W, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xiong K, Xu Y, Yao S, Yan B, Yan X, Yang Y, Ye P, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Yun Y, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, et alZeng X, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Gao Z, Geng L, Giboni K, Guo X, Guo X, Guo Z, Han C, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang H, Huang J, Hou R, Hou Y, Ji X, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li T, Li Z, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu C, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Meng Y, Ning X, Pang B, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shan D, Shang X, Shao X, Shen G, Shen M, Sun W, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang G, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xiong K, Xu Y, Yao S, Yan B, Yan X, Yang Y, Ye P, Yu C, Yuan Y, Yuan Z, Yun Y, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Z. Exploring New Physics with PandaX-4T Low Energy Electronic Recoil Data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2025; 134:041001. [PMID: 39951566 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.134.041001] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
New particles beyond the standard model of particle physics, such as axions, can be effectively searched through their interactions with electrons. We use the large liquid xenon detector PandaX-4T to search for novel electronic recoil signals induced by solar axions, neutrinos with anomalous magnetic moment, axionlike particles, dark photons, and light fermionic dark matter. A detailed background model is established using the latest datasets with 1.54 ton yr exposure. No significant excess above the background has been observed, and we have obtained competitive constraints for axion couplings, neutrino magnetic moment, and fermionic dark matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Zeng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zihao Bo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhaokan Cheng
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiangyi Cui
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Physics, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Deqing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhixing Gao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lisheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos and Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Karl Giboni
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xunan Guo
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuyuan Guo
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zichao Guo
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chencheng Han
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ke Han
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Changda He
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Di Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Houqi Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junting Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Ruquan Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yu Hou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiangpan Ji
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yonglin Ju
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianglai Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Congcong Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyin Luo
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunyang Luo
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yugang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Mao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Meng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xuyang Ning
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Binyu Pang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Ningchun Qi
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Zhicheng Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Ren
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Shan
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyuan Shao
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Manbin Shen
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Siguang Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuehuan Wei
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Yuan Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengjiao Xiao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kaizhi Xiong
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shunyu Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiyu Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Peihua Ye
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunxu Yu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Youhui Yun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minzhen Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Wei Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Research Center for Particle Science and Technology, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Jifang Zhou
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Yalong River Hydropower Development Company, Ltd., 288 Shuanglin Road, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhizhen Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
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Aprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Boese K, Brown A, Bruno G, Budnik R, Cai C, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cimental Chávez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, D'Andrea V, Daniel Garcia LC, Decowski MP, Deisting A, Di Donato C, Di Gangi P, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flehmke T, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Galloway M, Gao F, Ghosh S, Giacomobono R, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Gyorgy P, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Kaminaga Y, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koke D, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lin YT, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Liu M, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Luce T, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Melchiorre A, Merz J, Messina M, et alAprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Boese K, Brown A, Bruno G, Budnik R, Cai C, Capelli C, Cardoso JMR, Cimental Chávez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, D'Andrea V, Daniel Garcia LC, Decowski MP, Deisting A, Di Donato C, Di Gangi P, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flehmke T, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Galloway M, Gao F, Ghosh S, Giacomobono R, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Gyorgy P, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Kaminaga Y, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koke D, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lin YT, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Liu M, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Luce T, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Melchiorre A, Merz J, Messina M, Michael A, Miuchi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Paetsch B, Pan Y, Pellegrini Q, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Plante G, Pollmann TR, Principe L, Qi J, Qin J, Ramírez García D, Rajado M, Singh R, Sanchez L, Dos Santos JMF, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shi J, Silva M, Simgen H, Takeda A, Tan PL, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell CD, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Vecchi S, Vetter S, Villazon Solar FI, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M. First Indication of Solar ^{8}B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:191002. [PMID: 39576901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.191002] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar ^{8}B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9 t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51 t×yr resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5 keV, with (26.4_{-1.3}^{+1.4}) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73σ. The measured ^{8}B solar neutrino flux of (4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})×10^{6} cm^{-2} s^{-1} is consistent with results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CEνNS cross section on Xe of (1.1_{-0.5}^{+0.8})×10^{-39} cm^{2} is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Aalbers
- Nikhef and the University of Groningen, Van Swinderen Institute, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - K Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | | | - L Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Antón Martin
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - F Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi - Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - L Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Boese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - R Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - C Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - C Capelli
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J M R Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - A P Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | | | - V D'Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - M P Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Deisting
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Di Donato
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - K Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A D Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Flehmke
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - M Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R Giacomobono
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Grandi
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Gyorgy
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - C Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N F Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Joerg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Kaminaga
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - S Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - D Koke
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - F Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - R F Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, People's Republic of China
| | - S Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Y-T Lin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - M Liu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Long
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J A M Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T Luce
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - A Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi - Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Marignetti
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - K Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - E Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Mastroianni
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Melchiorre
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Merz
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Michael
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - A Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - U Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Y Pan
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Q Pellegrini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J Pienaar
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - T R Pollmann
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Principe
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - J Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | | - M Rajado
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J M F Dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi - Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Shi
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - M Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - P-L Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - D Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Toschi
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - C D Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - F Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Vecchi
- INFN-Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Vetter
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F I Villazon Solar
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Volta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - D Wenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V H S Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - D Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Ye
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Aad G, Abbott B, Abeling K, Abicht N, Abidi S, Aboulhorma A, Abramowicz H, Abreu H, Abulaiti Y, Abusleme Hoffman A, Acharya B, Adam Bourdarios C, Adamczyk L, Adamek L, Addepalli S, Addison M, Adelman J, Adiguzel A, Adye T, Affolder A, Afik Y, Agaras M, Agarwala J, Aggarwal A, Agheorghiesei C, Ahmad A, Ahmadov F, Ahmed W, Ahuja S, Ai X, Aielli G, Aikot A, Ait Tamlihat M, Aitbenchikh B, Aizenberg I, Akbiyik M, Åkesson T, Akimov A, Akiyama D, Akolkar N, Al Khoury K, Alberghi G, Albert J, Albicocco P, Albouy G, Alderweireldt S, Aleksa M, Aleksandrov I, Alexa C, Alexopoulos T, Alfonsi F, Algren M, Alhroob M, Ali B, Ali H, Ali S, Alibocus S, Aliev M, Alimonti G, Alkakhi W, Allaire C, Allbrooke B, Allen J, Allendes Flores C, Allport P, Aloisio A, Alonso F, Alpigiani C, Alvarez Estevez M, Alvarez Fernandez A, Alves Cardoso M, Alviggi M, Aly M, Amaral Coutinho Y, Ambler A, Amelung C, Amerl M, Ames C, Amidei D, Amor Dos Santos S, Amos K, Ananiev V, Anastopoulos C, Andeen T, Anders J, Andrean S, Andreazza A, Angelidakis S, Angerami A, Anisenkov A, Annovi A, Antel C, Anthony M, Antipov E, Antonelli M, Anulli F, Aoki M, Aoki T, Aparisi Pozo J, Aparo M, et alAad G, Abbott B, Abeling K, Abicht N, Abidi S, Aboulhorma A, Abramowicz H, Abreu H, Abulaiti Y, Abusleme Hoffman A, Acharya B, Adam Bourdarios C, Adamczyk L, Adamek L, Addepalli S, Addison M, Adelman J, Adiguzel A, Adye T, Affolder A, Afik Y, Agaras M, Agarwala J, Aggarwal A, Agheorghiesei C, Ahmad A, Ahmadov F, Ahmed W, Ahuja S, Ai X, Aielli G, Aikot A, Ait Tamlihat M, Aitbenchikh B, Aizenberg I, Akbiyik M, Åkesson T, Akimov A, Akiyama D, Akolkar N, Al Khoury K, Alberghi G, Albert J, Albicocco P, Albouy G, Alderweireldt S, Aleksa M, Aleksandrov I, Alexa C, Alexopoulos T, Alfonsi F, Algren M, Alhroob M, Ali B, Ali H, Ali S, Alibocus S, Aliev M, Alimonti G, Alkakhi W, Allaire C, Allbrooke B, Allen J, Allendes Flores C, Allport P, Aloisio A, Alonso F, Alpigiani C, Alvarez Estevez M, Alvarez Fernandez A, Alves Cardoso M, Alviggi M, Aly M, Amaral Coutinho Y, Ambler A, Amelung C, Amerl M, Ames C, Amidei D, Amor Dos Santos S, Amos K, Ananiev V, Anastopoulos C, Andeen T, Anders J, Andrean S, Andreazza A, Angelidakis S, Angerami A, Anisenkov A, Annovi A, Antel C, Anthony M, Antipov E, Antonelli M, Anulli F, Aoki M, Aoki T, Aparisi Pozo J, Aparo M, Bella LA, Appelt C, Apyan A, Aranzabal N, Arcangeletti C, Arce A, Arena E, Arguin JF, Argyropoulos S, Arling JH, Arnaez O, Arnold H, Artoni G, Asada H, Asai K, Asai S, Asbah N, Assahsah J, Assamagan K, Astalos R, Atashi S, Atkin R, Atkinson M, Atmani H, Atmasiddha P, Augsten K, Auricchio S, Auriol A, Austrup V, Avolio G, Axiotis K, Azuelos G, Babal D, Bachacou H, Bachas K, Bachiu A, Backman F, Badea A, Bagnaia P, Bahmani M, Bailey A, Bailey V, Baines J, Baines L, Bakalis C, Baker O, Bakos E, Bakshi Gupta D, Balakrishnan V, Balasubramanian R, Baldin E, Balek P, Ballabene E, Balli F, Baltes L, Balunas W, Balz J, Banas E, Bandieramonte M, Bandyopadhyay A, Bansal S, Barak L, 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Ziolkowski M, Živković L, Zoccoli A, Zoch K, Zorbas T, Zormpa O, Zou W, Zwalinski L. Combination and summary of ATLAS dark matter searches interpreted in a 2HDM with a pseudo-scalar mediator using 139 fb -1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:3005-3035. [PMID: 39179456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.06.003] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Results from a wide range of searches targeting different experimental signatures with and without missing transverse momentum (ETmiss) are used to constrain a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) with an additional pseudo-scalar mediating the interaction between ordinary and dark matter (2HDM+a). The analyses use up to 139 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during 2015-2018. The results from three of the most sensitive searches are combined statistically. These searches target signatures with large ETmiss and a leptonically decaying Z boson; large ETmiss and a Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks; and production of charged Higgs bosons in final states with top and bottom quarks, respectively. Constraints are derived for several common and new benchmark scenarios in the 2HDM+a.
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Aprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Balata M, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cassese F, Chiarini A, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Corrieri R, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, Dadoun O, D’Andrea V, Decowski MP, De Fazio B, Gangi PD, Diglio S, Disdier JM, Douillet D, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Form S, Front D, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Rosso AG, Galloway M, Gao F, Gardner R, Garroum N, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guerzoni M, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Huhmann C, Iacovacci M, Iaquaniello G, Iven L, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, et alAprile E, Aalbers J, Abe K, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Balata M, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cassese F, Chiarini A, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Corrieri R, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, Dadoun O, D’Andrea V, Decowski MP, De Fazio B, Gangi PD, Diglio S, Disdier JM, Douillet D, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Form S, Front D, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Rosso AG, Galloway M, Gao F, Gardner R, Garroum N, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guerzoni M, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Huhmann C, Iacovacci M, Iaquaniello G, Iven L, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martella P, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Mele E, Messina M, Michinelli R, Miuchi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Nisi S, Oberlack U, Orlandi D, Othegraven R, Paetsch B, Palacio J, Parlati S, Paschos P, Pellegrini Q, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Plante G, Pollmann TR, Qi J, Qin J, García DR, Rynge M, Shi J, Singh R, Sanchez L, Santos JMFD, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Stephen J, Stern M, Stillwell BK, Takeda A, Tan PL, Tatananni D, Terliuk A, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Westermann J, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M, Zhu T. The XENONnT dark matter experiment. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2024; 84:784. [PMID: 39130092 PMCID: PMC11306575 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
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Affiliation(s)
- XENON Collaboration
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China
| | - E. Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Aalbers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | | | - L. Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B. Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E. Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - J. R. Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. C. Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - D. Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - F. Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Balata
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - L. Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. L. Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - M. Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - L. Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Brookes
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - R. Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - T. K. Bui
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - C. Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J. M. R. Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F. Cassese
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Chiarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. P. Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - R. Corrieri
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - J. P. Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - O. Dadoun
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V. D’Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - M. P. Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. De Fazio
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P. Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - J. M. Disdier
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - D. Douillet
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - K. Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - A. D. Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - C. Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - H. Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Form
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Front
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - W. Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - C. Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Gallo Rosso
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - M. Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F. Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R. Gardner
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - N. Garroum
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L. Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - C. Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. F. Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - C. Huhmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Iacovacci
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - G. Iaquaniello
- IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - L. Iven
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y. Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - J. Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Joy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - M. Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - S. Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - G. Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - A. Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - F. Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - R. F. Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L. Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - I. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S. Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China
| | - S. Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - S. Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Liu
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - J. Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F. Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. A. M. Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y. Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - C. Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - J. Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - A. Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F. Marignetti
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - P. Martella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - K. Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - J. Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D. Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Mastroianni
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E. Mele
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Michinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - K. Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - A. Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - S. Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - K. Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Y. Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - M. Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - J. Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - S. Nisi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - U. Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Orlandi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Othegraven
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - J. Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Parlati
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - P. Paschos
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Q. Pellegrini
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J. Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M. Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - T. R. Pollmann
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | | | - M. Rynge
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA
| | - J. Shi
- Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - R. Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - L. Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - J. M. F. dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I. Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G. Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J. Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - P. Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H. Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M. Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - E. Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - M. Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H. Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Stephen
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - M. Stern
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. K. Stillwell
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - P.-L. Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden
| | - D. Tatananni
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - A. Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - F. Toschi
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - C. Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - F. Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
| | - D. Wenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Westermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V. H. S. Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y. Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - D. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Z. Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan
| | - L. Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - J. Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China
| | - L. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - G. Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - T. Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
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Piscicchia K, Donadi S, Manti S, Bassi A, Derakhshani M, Diósi L, Curceanu C. X-Ray Emission from Atomic Systems Can Distinguish between Prevailing Dynamical Wave-Function Collapse Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:250203. [PMID: 38996255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.250203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In this work the spontaneous electromagnetic radiation from atomic systems, induced by dynamical wave-function collapse, is investigated in the x-ray domain. Strong departures are evidenced with respect to the simple cases considered until now in the literature, in which the emission is either perfectly coherent (protons in the same nuclei) or incoherent (electrons). In this low-energy regime the spontaneous radiation rate strongly depends on the atomic species under investigation and, for the first time, is found to depend on the specific collapse model.
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Jana S, Porto Y. Resonances of Supernova Neutrinos in Twisting Magnetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:101005. [PMID: 38518305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of resonant spin conversion of the neutrinos induced by the geometrical phase in a twisting magnetic field. We find that the geometrical phase originating from the rotation of the transverse magnetic field along the neutrino trajectory can trigger a resonant spin conversion of Dirac neutrinos inside the supernova, even if there were no such transitions in the fixed-direction field case. We have shown that, even though resonant spin conversion is too weak to affect solar neutrinos, it could have a remarkable consequence on supernova neutronization bursts where very intense magnetic fields are quite likely. We demonstrate how the flavor composition at Earth can be used as a probe to establish the presence of non-negligible magnetic moments, potentially down to 10^{-15}μ_{B} in upcoming neutrino experiments like the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the Hyper-Kamiokande. Possible implications are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Jana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yago Porto
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin - UNICAMP, 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baudis L. Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230083. [PMID: 38104624 PMCID: PMC10725769 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (Xe-TPCs) have emerged as some of the most powerful detectors in the fields of astroparticle physics and rare-event searches. Developed primarily towards the direct detection of dark matter particles, experiments presently operating deep underground have reached target masses at the multi-tonne scale, energy thresholds of approximately 1 keV and radioactivity-induced background rates similar to those from solar neutrinos. These unique properties, together with demonstrated stable operation over several years, allow for the exploration of new territory via high-sensitivity searches for a plethora of ultra-rare interactions. These include searches for particle dark matter, for second-order weak decays, and the observation of astrophysical neutrinos. We first review some properties of xenon as a radiation detection medium and the operation principles of dual-phase Xe-TPCs together with their energy calibration and resolution. We then discuss the status of currently running experiments and of proposed next-generation projects, describing some of the technological challenges. We end by looking at their sensitivity to dark matter candidates, to second-order weak decays and to solar and supernova neutrinos. Experiments based on dual-phase Xe-TPCs are difficult and, like all good experiments, they are constantly pushed to their limits. Together with many other endeavours in astroparticle physics and cosmology they will continue to push at the borders of the unknown, hopefully to reveal profound new knowledge about our cosmos. This article is part of the theme issue 'The particle-gravity frontier'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
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10
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Arnquist IJ, Avignone FT, Barabash AS, Barton CJ, Bhimani KH, Blalock E, Bos B, Busch M, Buuck M, Caldwell TS, Chan YD, Christofferson CD, Chu PH, Clark ML, Cuesta C, Detwiler JA, Efremenko Y, Ejiri H, Elliott SR, Giovanetti GK, Green MP, Gruszko J, Guinn IS, Guiseppe VE, Haufe CR, Henning R, Hervas Aguilar D, Hoppe EW, Hostiuc A, Kidd MF, Kim I, Kouzes RT, Lannen V TE, Li A, Lopez AM, López-Castaño JM, Martin EL, Martin RD, Massarczyk R, Meijer SJ, Mertens S, Oli TK, Othman G, Paudel LS, Pettus W, Poon AWP, Radford DC, Rager J, Reine AL, Rielage K, Ruof NW, Schaper DC, Tedeschi D, Varner RL, Vasilyev S, Wilkerson JF, Wiseman C, Xu W, Yu CH, Zhu BX. Exotic Dark Matter Search with the Majorana Demonstrator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:041001. [PMID: 38335333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
With excellent energy resolution and ultralow-level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos ν_{s}→ν_{a}. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption (χ+A→ν+A) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3→2 scattering (χ+χ+A→ϕ+A), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1-100)-keV low-energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019 using a set of ^{76}Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - F T Avignone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A S Barabash
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - C J Barton
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K H Bhimani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Blalock
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - B Bos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Busch
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Buuck
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T S Caldwell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Y-D Chan
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P-H Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M L Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Cuesta
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Efremenko
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - H Ejiri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G K Giovanetti
- Physics Department, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
| | - M P Green
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J Gruszko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I S Guinn
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V E Guiseppe
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C R Haufe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Henning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hervas Aguilar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A Hostiuc
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M F Kidd
- Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - I Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R T Kouzes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - T E Lannen V
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A M Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | | | - E L Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R D Martin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Massarczyk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S J Meijer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mertens
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München 80805, Germany
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität, München 85748, Germany
| | - T K Oli
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - G Othman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L S Paudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - W Pettus
- IU Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A W P Poon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D C Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - J Rager
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - A L Reine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N W Ruof
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D C Schaper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - S Vasilyev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - J F Wilkerson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - W Xu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - B X Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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11
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Haselschwardt SJ, Lenardo BG, Daniels T, Finch SW, Friesen FQL, Howell CR, Malone CR, Mancil E, Tornow W. Observation of Low-Lying Isomeric States in ^{136}Cs: A New Avenue for Dark Matter and Solar Neutrino Detection in Xenon Detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:052502. [PMID: 37595235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report on new measurements establishing the existence of low-lying isomeric states in ^{136}Cs using γ rays produced in ^{136}Xe(p,n)^{136}Cs reactions. Two states with O(100) ns lifetimes are placed in the decay sequence of the ^{136}Cs levels that are populated in charged-current interactions of solar neutrinos and fermionic dark matter with ^{136}Xe. Xenon-based experiments can therefore exploit a delayed-coincidence tag of these interactions, greatly suppressing backgrounds to enable spectroscopic studies of solar neutrinos and dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Daniels
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - S W Finch
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F Q L Friesen
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C R Howell
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C R Malone
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Mancil
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W Tornow
- Department of Physics, Duke University, and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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12
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Rebeiro BM, Triambak S, Garrett PE, Ball GC, Brown BA, Menéndez J, Romeo B, Adsley P, Lenardo BG, Lindsay R, Bildstein V, Burbadge C, Coleman R, Diaz Varela A, Dubey R, Faestermann T, Hertenberger R, Kamil M, Leach KG, Natzke C, Nzobadila Ondze JC, Radich A, Rand E, Wirth HF. ^{138}Ba(d,α) Study of States in ^{136}Cs: Implications for New Physics Searches with Xenon Detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:052501. [PMID: 37595245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We used the ^{138}Ba(d,α) reaction to carry out an in-depth study of states in ^{136}Cs, up to around 2.5 MeV. In this Letter, we place emphasis on hitherto unobserved states below the first 1^{+} level, which are important in the context of solar neutrino and fermionic dark matter (FDM) detection in large-scale xenon-based experiments. We identify for the first time candidate metastable states in ^{136}Cs, which would allow a real-time detection of solar neutrino and FDM events in xenon detectors, with high background suppression. Our results are also compared with shell-model calculations performed with three Hamiltonians that were previously used to evaluate the nuclear matrix element (NME) for ^{136}Xe neutrinoless double beta decay. We find that one of these Hamiltonians, which also systematically underestimates the NME compared with the others, dramatically fails to describe the observed low-energy ^{136}Cs spectrum, while the other two show reasonably good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Rebeiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - S Triambak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - P E Garrett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - G C Ball
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1321, USA
| | - J Menéndez
- Department of Quantum Physics and Astrophysics and Institute of Cosmos Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Romeo
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - P Adsley
- Cyclotron Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B G Lenardo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Lindsay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - V Bildstein
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C Burbadge
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Coleman
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A Diaz Varela
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Dubey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, 70-451 Szczecin, Poland
| | - T Faestermann
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Hertenberger
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kamil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - K G Leach
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - C Natzke
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - J C Nzobadila Ondze
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - A Radich
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E Rand
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H-F Wirth
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Aprile E, Abe K, Agostini F, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, D'Andrea V, Decowski MP, Di Gangi P, Di Pede S, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Gallo Rosso A, Galloway M, Gao F, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kato N, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Messina M, et alAprile E, Abe K, Agostini F, Ahmed Maouloud S, Althueser L, Andrieu B, Angelino E, Angevaare JR, Antochi VC, Antón Martin D, Arneodo F, Baudis L, Baxter AL, Bazyk M, Bellagamba L, Biondi R, Bismark A, Brookes EJ, Brown A, Bruenner S, Bruno G, Budnik R, Bui TK, Cai C, Cardoso JMR, Cichon D, Cimental Chavez AP, Colijn AP, Conrad J, Cuenca-García JJ, Cussonneau JP, D'Andrea V, Decowski MP, Di Gangi P, Di Pede S, Diglio S, Eitel K, Elykov A, Farrell S, Ferella AD, Ferrari C, Fischer H, Flierman M, Fulgione W, Fuselli C, Gaemers P, Gaior R, Gallo Rosso A, Galloway M, Gao F, Glade-Beucke R, Grandi L, Grigat J, Guan H, Guida M, Hammann R, Higuera A, Hils C, Hoetzsch L, Hood NF, Howlett J, Iacovacci M, Itow Y, Jakob J, Joerg F, Joy A, Kato N, Kara M, Kavrigin P, Kazama S, Kobayashi M, Koltman G, Kopec A, Kuger F, Landsman H, Lang RF, Levinson L, Li I, Li S, Liang S, Lindemann S, Lindner M, Liu K, Loizeau J, Lombardi F, Long J, Lopes JAM, Ma Y, Macolino C, Mahlstedt J, Mancuso A, Manenti L, Marignetti F, Marrodán Undagoitia T, Martens K, Masbou J, Masson D, Masson E, Mastroianni S, Messina M, Miuchi K, Mizukoshi K, Molinario A, Moriyama S, Morå K, Mosbacher Y, Murra M, Müller J, Ni K, Oberlack U, Paetsch B, Palacio J, Peres R, Peters C, Pienaar J, Pierre M, Pizzella V, Plante G, Qi J, Qin J, Ramírez García D, Singh R, Sanchez L, Dos Santos JMF, Sarnoff I, Sartorelli G, Schreiner J, Schulte D, Schulte P, Schulze Eißing H, Schumann M, Scotto Lavina L, Selvi M, Semeria F, Shagin P, Shi S, Shockley E, Silva M, Simgen H, Takeda A, Tan PL, Terliuk A, Thers D, Toschi F, Trinchero G, Tunnell C, Tönnies F, Valerius K, Volta G, Weinheimer C, Weiss M, Wenz D, Wittweg C, Wolf T, Wu VHS, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Yamashita M, Yang L, Ye J, Yuan L, Zavattini G, Zhong M, Zhu T. First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:041003. [PMID: 37566859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041003] [Show More Authors] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment, which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of 5.9 ton. During the (1.09±0.03) ton yr exposure used for this search, the intrinsic ^{85}Kr and ^{222}Rn concentrations in the liquid target are reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of (15.8±1.3) events/ton yr keV in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between 3.3 and 60.5 keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.58×10^{-47} cm^{2} for a WIMP mass of 28 GeV/c^{2} at 90% confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprile
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - K Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - F Agostini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - L Althueser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B Andrieu
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Angelino
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J R Angevaare
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - V C Antochi
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - D Antón Martin
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - F Arneodo
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - L Baudis
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A L Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Bazyk
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - L Bellagamba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R Biondi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bismark
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E J Brookes
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Brown
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Bruenner
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Bruno
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - R Budnik
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - T K Bui
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - C Cai
- Department of Physics & Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J M R Cardoso
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Cichon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A P Colijn
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | | | - J P Cussonneau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - V D'Andrea
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M P Decowski
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Di Gangi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Di Pede
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Diglio
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - K Eitel
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Elykov
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - A D Ferella
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Ferrari
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - H Fischer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Flierman
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Fulgione
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Fuselli
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Gaemers
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Gaior
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - M Galloway
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics & Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - R Glade-Beucke
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Grandi
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Grigat
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Guan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - M Guida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Hammann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Higuera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - C Hils
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Hoetzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N F Hood
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Howlett
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini," University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Itow
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Jakob
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Joerg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Joy
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - N Kato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Kara
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Kavrigin
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - S Kazama
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - G Koltman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - A Kopec
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - F Kuger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Landsman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - R F Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - S Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Lindemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lindner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Liu
- Department of Physics & Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Loizeau
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Lombardi
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Long
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J A M Lopes
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - C Macolino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Mahlstedt
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - A Mancuso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Manenti
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Marignetti
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini," University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - K Martens
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Masbou
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - D Masson
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Masson
- LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Mastroianni
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini," University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Messina
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - K Miuchi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Mizukoshi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - A Molinario
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Moriyama
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Morå
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y Mosbacher
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - M Murra
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Ni
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - U Oberlack
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Paetsch
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - J Palacio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Peres
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Peters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J Pienaar
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Pierre
- Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - V Pizzella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Plante
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | - R Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - L Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J M F Dos Santos
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Sarnoff
- New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Sartorelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J Schreiner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - P Schulte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Schulze Eißing
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schumann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M Selvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Semeria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Shagin
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Shi
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - E Shockley
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Silva
- LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H Simgen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - P-L Tan
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - A Terliuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Thers
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - F Toschi
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Trinchero
- INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - C Tunnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - F Tönnies
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Valerius
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Volta
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Weinheimer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - D Wenz
- Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wittweg
- Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V H S Wu
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Xing
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - D Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Yamashita
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Ye
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - L Yuan
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G Zavattini
- INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Zhong
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T Zhu
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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14
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Watson J, Olcina I, Soria J, McKinsey DN, Kravitz S, Deck EE, Bernard EP, Tvrznikova L, Waldron WL, Riffard Q, O'Sullivan K. Study of dielectric breakdown in liquid xenon with XeBrA: The xenon breakdown apparatus. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:015112. [PMID: 36725581 DOI: 10.1063/5.0107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the electric fields necessary for the current generation of noble liquid time projection chambers (TPCs), with drift lengths exceeding 1 m, requires a large negative voltage applied to their cathode. Delivering such high voltage is associated with an elevated risk of electrostatic discharge and electroluminescence, which would be detrimental to the performance of the experiment. The Xenon Breakdown Apparatus (XeBrA) is a 5-l, high voltage test chamber built to investigate the contributing factors to electrical breakdown in noble liquids. In this work, we present the main findings after conducting scans over stressed electrode areas, surface finish, pressure, and high voltage ramp speed in the medium of liquid xenon. Area scaling and surface finish were observed to be the dominant factors affecting breakdown, whereas no significant changes were observed with varying pressure or ramp speed. A general rise in both the anode current and photon rate was observed in the last 30 s, leading up to a breakdown, with a marked increase in the last couple of seconds. In addition, the position of breakdowns was reconstructed with a system of high-speed cameras and a moderate correlation with the Fowler-Nordheim field emission model was found. Tentative evidence for bubble nucleation being the originating mechanism of breakdown in the liquid was also observed. We deem the results presented in this work to be of particular interest for the design of future, large TPCs, and practical recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watson
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Olcina
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Soria
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D N McKinsey
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E E Deck
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E P Bernard
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W L Waldron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Riffard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K O'Sullivan
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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15
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Zhang D, Abdukerim A, Bo Z, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng Z, Cui X, Fan Y, Fang D, Fu C, Fu M, Geng L, Giboni K, Gu L, Guo X, Han K, He C, He J, Huang D, Huang Y, Huang Z, Hou R, Ji X, Ju Y, Li C, Li J, Li M, Li S, Li S, Lin Q, Liu J, Lu X, Luo L, Luo Y, Ma W, Ma Y, Mao Y, Shaheed N, Meng Y, Ning X, Qi N, Qian Z, Ren X, Shang C, Shang X, Shen G, Si L, Sun W, Tan A, Tao Y, Wang A, Wang M, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wu M, Wu W, Xia J, Xiao M, Xiao X, Xie P, Yan B, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Y, Yu C, Yuan J, Yuan Y, Zeng X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zheng Q, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Ge SF, He XG, Ma XD, Sheng J. Search for Light Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption on Electrons in PandaX-4T. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:161804. [PMID: 36306755 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.161804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a search on sub-MeV fermionic dark matter absorbed by electrons with an outgoing active neutrino using the 0.63 tonne year exposure collected by the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. No significant signals are observed over the expected background. The data are interpreted into limits to the effective couplings between such dark matter and the electron. For axial-vector or vector interactions, our sensitivity is competitive in comparison to existing astrophysical bounds on the decay of such a dark matter candidate into photon final states. In particular, we present the first direct detection limits for a vector (axial-vector) interaction which are the strongest in the mass range from 35 to 55 (25 to 45) keV/c^{2} in comparison to other astrophysical and cosmological constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao-Feng Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Gang He
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MoE), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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