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Möller J, Schottelius A, Caresana M, Boesenberg U, Kim C, Dallari F, Ezquerra TA, Fernández JM, Gelisio L, Glaesener A, Goy C, Hallmann J, Kalinin A, Kurta RP, Lapkin D, Lehmkühler F, Mambretti F, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Trinter F, Vartaniants IA, Zozulya A, Galli DE, Grübel G, Madsen A, Caupin F, Grisenti RE. Crystal Nucleation in Supercooled Atomic Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206102. [PMID: 38829060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that is difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. A key aspect of the transition is the formation of a critical seed of the crystalline phase in a supercooled liquid, that is, a liquid in a metastable state below the melting temperature. This stochastic process is commonly described within the framework of classical nucleation theory, but accurate tests of the theory in atomic and molecular liquids are challenging. Here, we employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from microscopic liquid jets to study crystal nucleation in supercooled liquids of the rare gases argon and krypton. Our results provide stringent limits to the validity of classical nucleation theory in atomic liquids, and offer the long-sought possibility of testing nonclassical extensions of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Schottelius
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michele Caresana
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Chan Kim
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Macromolecular Physics Department, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Gelisio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Glaesener
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ruslan P Kurta
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Mambretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Markus Scholz
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Davide E Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli," Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Frédéric Caupin
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Robert E Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Xue H, Li L, Wang Y, Lu Y, Cui K, He Z, Bai G, Liu J, Zhou X, Wang J. Probing the critical nucleus size in tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate formation using surface-anchored nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:157. [PMID: 38167854 PMCID: PMC10762117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling the formation of clathrate hydrates is crucial for advancing hydrate-based technologies. However, the microscopic mechanism underlying clathrate hydrate formation through nucleation remains poorly elucidated. Specifically, the critical nucleus, theorized as a pivotal step in nucleation, lacks empirical validation. Here, we report uniform nanoparticles, e.g., graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and gold or silver nanocubes with controlled sizes, as nanoprobes to experimentally measure the size of the critical nucleus of tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate formation. The capability of the nanoparticles in facilitating THF clathrate hydrate nucleation displays generally an abrupt change at a nanoparticle-size-determined specific supercooling. It is revealed that the free-energy barrier shows an abrupt change when the nanoparticles have an approximately the same size as that of the critical nucleus. Thus, it is inferred that THF clathrate hydrate nucleation involves the creation of a critical nucleus with its size being inversely proportional to the supercooling. By proving the existence and determining the supercooling-dependent size of the critical nucleus of the THF clathrate hydrates, this work brings insights in the microscopic pictures of the clathrate hydrate nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Youhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guoying Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Kobayashi M, Nakagawa N, Sasa SI. Control of Metastable States by Heat Flux in the Hamiltonian Potts Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:247102. [PMID: 37390420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.247102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The local equilibrium thermodynamics is a basic assumption of macroscopic descriptions of the out of equilibrium dynamics for Hamiltonian systems. We numerically analyze the Hamiltonian Potts model in two dimensions to study the violation of the assumption for phase coexistence in heat conduction. We observe that the temperature of the interface between ordered and disordered states deviates from the equilibrium transition temperature, indicating that metastable states at equilibrium are stabilized by the influence of a heat flux. We also find that the deviation is described by the formula proposed in an extended framework of the thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michikazu Kobayashi
- School of Engeneering Science, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanoguchi 185, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sasa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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