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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Qian C, Troue M, Figueiredo J, Soubelet P, Villafañe V, Beierlein J, Klembt S, Stier AV, Höfling S, Holleitner AW, Finley JJ. Lasing of moiré trapped MoSe 2/WSe 2 interlayer excitons coupled to a nanocavity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6359. [PMID: 38198542 PMCID: PMC10780878 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We report lasing of moiré trapped interlayer excitons (IXs) by integrating a pristine hBN-encapsulated MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayer into a high-Q (>104) nanophotonic cavity. We control the cavity-IX detuning using a magnetic field and measure their dipolar coupling strength to be 78 ± 4 micro-electron volts, fully consistent with the 82 micro-electron volts predicted by theory. The emission from the cavity mode shows clear threshold-like behavior as the transition is tuned into resonance with the cavity. We observe a superlinear power dependence accompanied by a narrowing of the linewidth as the distinct features of lasing. The onset and prominence of these threshold-like behaviors are pronounced at resonance while weak off-resonance. Our results show that a lasing transition can be induced in interacting moiré IXs with macroscopic coherence extending over the length scale of the cavity mode. Such systems raise interesting perspectives for low-power switching and synaptic nanophotonic devices using two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiang Qian
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mirco Troue
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Figueiredo
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Pedro Soubelet
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Viviana Villafañe
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Beierlein
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klembt
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas V. Stier
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W. Holleitner
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Science, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Bai Y, Li Y, Liu S, Guo Y, Pack J, Wang J, Dean CR, Hone J, Zhu X. Evidence for Exciton Crystals in a 2D Semiconductor Heterotrilayer. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11621-11629. [PMID: 38071655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) and their moiré interfaces have been demonstrated for correlated electron states, including Mott insulators and electron/hole crystals commensurate with moiré superlattices. Here we present spectroscopic evidence for ordered bosons─interlayer exciton crystals in a WSe2/MoSe2/WSe2 trilayer, where the enhanced Coulomb interactions over those in heterobilayers have been predicted to result in exciton ordering. Ordered interlayer excitons in the trilayer are characterized by negligible mobility and by sharper PL peaks persisting to an exciton density of nex ∼ 1012 cm-2, which is an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding limit in the heterobilayer. We present evidence for the predicted quadrupolar exciton crystal and its transitions to dipolar excitons either with increasing nex or by an applied electric field. These ordered interlayer excitons may serve as models for the exploration of quantum phase transitions and quantum coherent phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yiliu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan Pack
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Li C, Scherbakov AV, Soubelet P, Samusev AK, Ruppert C, Balakrishnan N, Gusev VE, Stier AV, Finley JJ, Bayer M, Akimov AV. Coherent Phonons in van der Waals MoSe 2/WSe 2 Heterobilayers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8186-8193. [PMID: 37603607 PMCID: PMC10510584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The increasing role of two-dimensional (2D) devices requires the development of new techniques for ultrafast control of physical properties in 2D van der Waals (vdW) nanolayers. A special feature of heterobilayers assembled from vdW monolayers is femtosecond separation of photoexcited electrons and holes between the neighboring layers, resulting in the formation of Coulomb force. Using laser pulses, we generate a 0.8 THz coherent breathing mode in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers, which modulates the thickness of the heterobilayer and should modulate the photogenerated electric field in the vdW gap. While the phonon frequency and decay time are independent of the stacking angle between the MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers, the amplitude decreases at intermediate angles, which is explained by a decrease in the photogenerated electric field between the layers. The modulation of the vdW gap by coherent phonons enables a new technology for the generation of THz radiation in 2D nanodevices with vdW heterobilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Li
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Laboratoire
d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM),
UMR CNRS 6613, Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Alexey V. Scherbakov
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pedro Soubelet
- Walter
Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anton K. Samusev
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruppert
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nilanthy Balakrishnan
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele
University, Keele ST5 5BG, United
Kingdom
| | - Vitalyi E. Gusev
- Laboratoire
d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM),
UMR CNRS 6613, Institut d’Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Andreas V. Stier
- Walter
Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Finley
- Walter
Schottky Institut and TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle
Physik 2, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Akimov
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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