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Khera N, Ribes Metidieri A, Bonga B, Jiménez Forteza X, Krishnan B, Poisson E, Pook-Kolb D, Schnetter E, Yang H. Nonlinear Ringdown at the Black Hole Horizon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:231401. [PMID: 38134794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.231401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The gravitational waves emitted by a perturbed black hole ringing down are well described by damped sinusoids, whose frequencies are those of quasinormal modes. Typically, first-order black hole perturbation theory is used to calculate these frequencies. Recently, it was shown that second-order effects are necessary in binary black hole merger simulations to model the gravitational-wave signal observed by a distant observer. Here, we show that the horizon of a newly formed black hole after the head-on collision of two black holes also shows evidence of nonlinear modes. Specifically, we identify one quadratic mode for the l=2 shear data, and two quadratic ones for the l=4, 6 data in simulations with varying mass ratio and boost parameter. The quadratic mode amplitudes display a quadratic relationship with the amplitudes of the linear modes that generate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neev Khera
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ariadna Ribes Metidieri
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Béatrice Bonga
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xisco Jiménez Forteza
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Badri Krishnan
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Poisson
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel Pook-Kolb
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Erik Schnetter
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
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